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Field research was undertaken in three Jamaican farming communities to understand the localized health impact of pesticide poisoning in a developing country. The primary research tool was the collection of data through an intra-household survey, complemented by field observations. The goal was to gather information on the extent to which pesticides are used, the physiological symptoms experienced during or after pesticide exposure, and the farmers' knowledge, attitude, and practice of safe pesticide use. Secondly, I examined the structural constraints to regulating pesticide usage and promoting safe practices, based on interviews with local health care providers and key officials in agriculture, health, and agro-business. The research proved that acute pesticide poisoning is widespread in Jamaica. Furthermore, health outcomes varied geographically particularly as related to the nature of the crop and pest problems. There was some effort within the agricultural and medical branch of the Jamaican government to address this concern; however, evidence that farmers had widely adopted safe application practices did not exist. I found that hazardous pesticide practices were not simply traced to farmers' ignorance. Rather, farmers showed substantial awareness of safety procedures but often chose not to practice them. The matter was further complicated by the general lack of knowledge among health care providers in identification and proper treatment of poisoning. / Master of Science

PhD (African Studies) / Department of African Studies / This study explored Nyaluso ya vhana, the traditional child rearing practices in Vhavenḓa families. Child rearing practices are associated with culture, norms and beliefs of a group. However, due to modernisation and globalisation, community and family are concerned that child rearing influences are no longer closely connected to traditional practices, which poses a societal challenge. Furthermore, the positive aspects of traditional child rearing practices were never circulated. As a result, it appears to have no place in the contemporary child rearing practices. The purpose of this study was to explore the traditional child rearing practices in Vhavenḓa families. The intention was to establish if there are areas of traditional practices that were useful, and that should be promoted. A qualitative research design was used. Data collection was through one-on-one interviews with 16 participants. Results show that traditional Vhavenḓa child rearing practices entail the following: i). role modelling good behaviour, ii). Respect as an important ingredient of role modelling, iii). Perseverance as a virtue that was inculcated in children through various ways, iv). Participation in household chores, v). Taking a village to raise a child, vi). Traditional leaders helping the community in fostering culture and traditional child-rearing practices, and vii). Rituals and taboos as backbones in traditional child rearing practices. It was believed that the deliberate guidance and discipline-oriented practices, contributed to the positive child development and healthy citizenship. This study provided insights in the positive aspects of traditional Vhavenḓa child rearing practices. / NRF

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Este trabalho propõe-se a estudar, mediante abordagem teórica e prática, o regime jurídico das debêntures, tendo em vista as recentes alterações introduzidas pela Lei nº 12.431, de 24 de junho de 2011, que promoveu mudanças significativas em sua disciplina, bem como examinar os problemas e questões atuais das debêntures em um contexto evolutivo da doutrina e dos casos práticos que lhe são submetidos à análise, tendo em vista o uso cada vez mais frequente desse mecanismo de financiamento das sociedades. Busca-se, também, examinar o funcionamento do mercado de debêntures e as novas propostas para incentivar a circulação dos títulos de dívida. Dentre as questões mais controvertidas a serem estudadas neste trabalho, destacam-se as seguintes: (i) evolução da natureza jurídica do instituto, em que as debêntures são vistas como títulos de dívida pertencentes à categoria dos valores mobiliários; (ii) criação do novo mercado de debêntures, como avanço à proposta do Novo Mercado de Renda Fixa; (iii) possibilidade de emissão de debêntures por sociedades limitadas e cooperativas, em razão da ausência de vedação legal e da existência de normas que lhe dão suporte jurídico; (iv) realização de negócios jurídicos com debêntures que vão além da sua função econômica de financiamento da empresa; (v) existência da organização dos debenturistas, em complemento à ideia de comunhão de interesses, tendo em vista o seu caráter orgânico; e, por fim, (vi) se os deveres fiduciários dos administradores se voltariam também aos interesses dos debenturistas, como credores especiais da sociedade emitente. / This work aims to study, through a theoretical and practical approach, the legal system of debentures in view of the recent changes introduced by Law No. 1431, of June 24, 2011, affecting significantly their discipline, and also to examine their current problems and issues within the evolutionary context of the doctrine and the case studies that are submitted to analysis, since the use of this financing mechanism by companies has been increasingly frequent. It also seeks to examine the functioning of the debenture market and the new proposals to stimulate the circulation of debt bonds. Amongst the most controversial issues to be studied in this work, the following are highlighted: (i) the evolution of the legal nature of this institute, in which debentures are seen as debt notes pertaining to the category of securities; (ii) the creation of a new debenture market as an advancement to the proposal of the New Fixed Income Market; (iii) the possibility of limited partnerships and cooperatives issuing debentures in view of the absence of a legal prohibition and the existence of norms that give legal support to it; (iv) the consummation of legal transactions with debentures that go beyond their economic function of business financing; (v) the existence of a debenture holder organization as a complement to the idea of pooling of interests, in view of its organic character; and, finally, (vi) whether the fiduciary duties of the administrators would also accommodate the interests of the debenture holders, while in their position of special creditors to the issuing business.

<p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p><strong>Purpose</strong>: The Essay is written on behalf of a company called ”Uppdragsgivaren”. The purpose is to connect theory with the result of the survey and thereby find the critical factors for an optimal placement of the cargo holders in the company’s terminal.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p><strong>Method:</strong> A qualitative case study has been carried out. The theory collection is completed with the result from the survey, which include the information “Uppdragsgivaren“ provides and the result from the survey. The survey is completed with telephone interviews. The survey is sent to seven persons working on similar company as “Uppdragsgivaren”. The study has a combination between the positivistic and hermeneutic view. The result is treated deductive. Theory and empirical are connected and among several theories one is chosen and will be tested on the company. Recommendations are given to “Uppdragsgivaren” and so are suggestions on further studies.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Result:</strong> The test shows that one part of the model is possible for “Uppdragsgivaren” to use when they want to optimize the cargo holder terminal. Part one of the tested model is independent from frequency and volume, and is therefore not applicable. Part two is applicable and the cargo holders can be arranged based on their volume. The result is thus that the most frequent cargo holder shall be placed on the most accessible area.</p><p> </p>

No description available.

No description available.

Purpose: The Essay is written on behalf of a company called ”Uppdragsgivaren”. The purpose is to connect theory with the result of the survey and thereby find the critical factors for an optimal placement of the cargo holders in the company’s terminal.       Method: A qualitative case study has been carried out. The theory collection is completed with the result from the survey, which include the information “Uppdragsgivaren“ provides and the result from the survey. The survey is completed with telephone interviews. The survey is sent to seven persons working on similar company as “Uppdragsgivaren”. The study has a combination between the positivistic and hermeneutic view. The result is treated deductive. Theory and empirical are connected and among several theories one is chosen and will be tested on the company. Recommendations are given to “Uppdragsgivaren” and so are suggestions on further studies.   Result: The test shows that one part of the model is possible for “Uppdragsgivaren” to use when they want to optimize the cargo holder terminal. Part one of the tested model is independent from frequency and volume, and is therefore not applicable. Part two is applicable and the cargo holders can be arranged based on their volume. The result is thus that the most frequent cargo holder shall be placed on the most accessible area.