Samples of raw whole milk were heated at L5, 50 and 75 C for 0, 30, 60, llU and 240 min. After heat treatment each sample was subdivided and portions held at O C for 0, 30, 60 and 120 min. In a second experiment samples of milk were heated at 25 and 50 C for the same lengths of time as before but this time at 75 C for only 5, 10, 15 and 20 min. A constant holding time of 30 min was used after the heat treatments. Following the various heat treatments pH of each sample was measured and rennet clotting properties of milk at a constant rennet concentration were determined using the Formagraph instrument. The 75 C heat treatment of both experiments was left out from the statistical analysis. Results obtained in the first experiment indicate that cold storage at O C for up to 120 min has no significant effect on pH or on rennet-clotting properties of milk. Milk that was heated at 75 C for 30 min or longer did not coagulate. Results of the second experiment show that increase from 25 C to 50 C and extended heating time both reduce pH and clotting time. However, curd firming rate and cutting time are only affected by the length of time that the milk is heated. When milk is heated at 75 C coagulation time, curd firming rate and cutting time of curd are severely retarded.

Denna studie handlar om fastighetsvärdering och hur faktorerna taxerad standard, byggnadens faktiska skick och fastighetsägarens innehavstid påverkar småhusfastigheters värde och skrivs på uppdrag av Lantmäteriet. Syftet är att få bredare kunskap om värdefaktorn standard och dess samband med byggnadens skick och ägarens innehavstid samt standardens, skickets och innehavstidens påverkan på småhusfastigheters värde. Vid fastighetstaxering bestäms byggnadens värde utifrån värdefaktorerna som anges i 8 kap 3 § fastighetstaxeringslagen (SFS 1979:1152) som är storlek, ålder, standard, byggnadskategori, fastighetsrättsliga förhållanden och värdeordning. Enligt fastighetstaxeringslagen bestäms värdefaktorn standard utifrån småhusets byggnadsmaterial och utrustning. Det finns begränsad forskning kring värdefaktorn standard och dess påverkan på småhusfastigheters värde, detta tyder på att denna studie behövs och kan fylla luckor i kunskapen kring ämnet.  För att undersöka detta har en representativ delmarknad i Gävle valts ut. Med representativ delmarknad menas ett delområde som kan representera ett generellt resultat som kan antas vara desamma oavsett lokalisering. Data har samlats in om fastigheterna i den valda delmarknaden (insamlingsmetoden), analyser har genomförts (analysmetoden) samt enkäter och intervjuer. Studien visar att det finns ett samband mellan fastigheters värde och fastighetsägares innehavstid. Fastigheter som har längre innehavstid har lägre kvadratmeterpris och de som har kortare innehavstid har högre värden. Det går inte att utläsa något samband mellan standardpoängen och värdet eller standardpoängen och ägarens innehavstid. Undersökningarna kring hur skicket påverkar värdet och dess samband med innehavstiden tyder på att skicket är som bäst i början på innehavstiden. Detta förklaras genom att fastighetsägarna i stor utsträckning väljer att utföra renoveringsåtgärder i inledningen av sin innehavstid. Analysen av sambandet mellan antal utförda åtgärder(skicket) och värdet visar inget samband eller mönster. Fastighetsmäklarna anser dock att det finns ett samband mellan antal utförda renoveringsåtgärder och fastigheternas slutpris. Det anses även att kvalitén på hur åtgärderna är utförda är avgörande för hur mycket åtgärden påverkar värdet samt vilka specifika åtgärder fastighetsägarna valt att utföra. Även material- och trendval kan påverka hur mycket en åtgärd påverkar fastighetens värde. / This study is about property valuation and how the factors taxed standard, the actual condition of the building and the real estate owner's holding time affect the value of small houses and are written on behalf of Lantmäteriet. The aim is to get broader knowledge of the value factor standard and its relation to the condition of the building and the owner's holding time as well as the standard, condition and holding times impact on the value of small houses. In the case of property taxation valuation, the value of the building is determined on the basis of the value factors listed in chapter 8, section 3, of the Property Taxation Act (SFS 1979: 1152), size, age, standard, building category, property rights and value order. According to the Real Estate Tax Act, the value factor is determined by the building materials and equipment of the housing. There is limited research on the value factor standard and its impact on the value of small houses, this suggests that this study is needed and can fill gaps in knowledge about the subject. To investigate this, a representative submarket in Gävle has been selected. "Representative submarketing" means a subset that can represent a general result that can be assumed to be the same regardless of location. Data has been collected about the properties in the selected submarket (collection method), analyzes have been carried out (analysis method), and questionnaires and interviews. The study shows that there is a connection between the value of the property and the ownership owners' holding time. Real estate that has a longer holding time has lower square meterprise, and those with a shorter holding time have higher values. There is no connection between standard points and the value or owner's holding time and standard points. The surveys on how the condition affects the value and its relation to the holding time indicates that the condition is the best at the start of the holding period. This is explained by the fact that property owners often choose to carry out renovation measures at the beginning of their holding time. The analysis of the relationship between the number of improvments performed (the condition) and the value shows no relationship or pattern. However, real estate agents consider that there is a correlation between the number of renovation measures and the real estate prices. It is also considered that the quality of the actions taken affects the value as well as what specific actions property owners have chosen to perform and that material and trend choices can affect how much a measure affects the property's final price.

Background: Respiratory conditions are prevalent and cause an enormous burden on society. In recent decades, there has been a global increase in asthma in children and adults, yet the diagnosis of asthma must be made on clinical grounds as the diagnostic use of pharmacological reversibility of airway obstruction remains controversial. It is possible however that tools exist from different medical paradigms that may assist in the clinical diagnosis of asthma. Tools such as Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) enquiry, Breath Holding Time (BHT) or Electro-Dermal Screening Test (EDST) may provide useful clinical information, yet their use has not been widely explored or validated. Integrative medicine may be considered to represent a new frontier in medicine where each therapy and diagnostic method is seen to have its own advantages and limitations and where an integration of both diagnostic and therapeutic techniques from conventional and complementary medicine is seen to produce the best results. However, while there is a high community use of complementary therapies for conditions such as asthma, there is also a need to maintain accepted standards of medical and scientific principles and foster high quality research into complementary therapies. Objectives: The current study sought to determine: • If there is a correlation between conventional measures of lung function such as Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1) and less conventional measures such as airways expired NO level (eNO), electrodermal measures, TCM enquiry and BHT. • If any of the lung function measures are able to distinguish between asthmatic and healthy subjects. • If the use of a rye grass extract is better than placebo in improving requirements for bronchodilator medication, peak flow, forced expiratory volume in one second or quality of life in mild to moderate childhood asthma. Rational for carrying out two separate studies as one study; The author was interested on both the integration of diagnostic techniques as well as the effect of the herbal extract on asthma so it was decided to use the opportunity and put both in one study. Method: A range of conventional and non-conventional measures were conducted in healthy and asthmatic children including demographic details, quality of life data, spirometry measures, airway nitric oxide levels, electro-dermal measures, TCM history enquiries, breath holding time, and skin prick tests. The data were analysed to determine any significant correlations between these measures. A double blind randomized controlled pilot clinical trial was also performed to assess the effect of using rye grass extract in asthmatic children aged 8 to 16 years. Results: There were significant correlations between forced expiratory volume in one second and active quality of life, TCM spleen score and fraction of exhaled nitric oxide measurements. There were also statistically significant differences between asthmatic and healthy subjects in TCM history, breath holding time and exhaled nitric oxide. The use of rye grass extract did not produce any significant improvement over placebo in any of the asthma outcome measures. Conclusions: The use of inexpensive measures such as BHT and TCM enquiry may provide useful clinical information when assessing respiratory conditions such as asthma. However, further research is required in larger populations to confirm their use. The use of the rye grass extract at the dose given in this study did not provide any clinical benefit for the asthmatic children in this study.

Medium Mn TRIP steels are amongst the most widely researched third generation advanced high strength steels (3G-AHSSs) as they are ideal candidates for automotive light-weighting applications owing to their superior strength and ductility balance. However, the thermal processing cycles of these steels need to be compatible with the industrial continuous galvanizing line (CGL) in order to successfully employ them in the automotive manufacturing industry. The main objective of the present research was to develop a CGL compatible thermal processing cycle for a prototype medium Mn steel that would produce significant volume fractions of chemically stable retained austenite and exhibit mechanical properties consistent with established 3G-AHSS targets. In that regard, the effects of intercritical annealing (IA) time and temperature and starting microstructure were determined in the first part of this research. The as-received tempered martensite (S-TM) and heat treated martensite (S-M) were the two different starting microstructures studied in this research. In this case, the overaging temperature (OT) treatment (460°C for 20s) was kept constant. It was found that high volume fractions (≥ 0.30) of retained austenite were achieved for S-M samples intercritically annealed at 675°C for shorter times (i.e. 60 to 120s) compared to S-TM samples. TEM analysis of the S-M samples showed that most of the retained austenite was present in a film type morphology, which is known to be more stable chemically and mechanically compared to the block type morphology. The tensile test results showed that although both the S-TM and S-M samples exhibited a high strength/ductility balance, the S-M samples, particularly the S-M 675°C + 120s samples, showed more potential in terms of CGL compatibility and achieving 3G-AHSS target mechanical properties. The effect of OT holding time was determined in the second part of this research. In that regard, the OT holding time was varied form 20s to 120s for selected S-TM and S-M samples. The S-TM 710°C samples with increased OT holding times (60s and 120s) had a significant increase in retained austenite volume fraction compared to the baseline 20s OT samples. However, the retained austenite volume fractions did not change for S-M samples regardless of OT holding time. It was also found that the mechanical properties of the annealed S-TM and S-M steels depended on the OT holding time. For the S-TM samples with > 120s IA holding times, longer OT holding times (60s and 120s) produced chemically unstable retained austenite which transformed rapidly at low strain resulting in low UTS × TE products. However, although longer OT holding times significantly increased the yield strength of the annealed S-M samples, the UTS × TE product decreased significantly owing to decreased retained austenite stability. Finally, based on the results of this research, it was concluded that the prototype medium Mn TRIP steel can achieve 3G-AHSS target mechanical properties using CGL-compatible thermal processing cycles. Moreover, depending on successful reactive wetting, it may be possible to perform both thermal processing and galvanizing of this steel in the industrial CGL. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

9 Abstract Title: Influence of Power Plate machine vibrations on m. levator ani contraction. Objectives: In my thesis I would like to follow up on my bachelor`s thesis in which I was analyzing the importance of exercise on the Power Plate machine from a theoretical point of view. I set the objective of my thesis, in co-operation with professionals in this area, to find out whether Power Plate machines have any impact on the pelvic floor contractions, especially on the m. levator ani. Methods: Theoretical part of my thesis was conducted using the research (exploration of facts) method. For theoretical input I mainly used my bachelor`s thesis which was being followed up with. Majority of studies regarding WBVT (whole body vibration training) influence on human body is available from foreign sources. The practical part of my research was conducted via the quantitative quasiexperimental method. The works was further performed with use of the explanation (empirical and generally theoretical) methods and interpretation methods. For the data analysis were used the basic descriptive statistics, analysis of variance with repetition with Geisser-Greenhouse adjustment and paired t-test. Interpretation method was used to generalize the research outcomes, to confront them with existing knowledge, and to debate their...

The diploma thesis focuses on the optimization of technological parameters of plastic injection molding and the study of the influence of technological parameters on the quality of molded test specimens’ type 1A. The quality of molded parts for 3 types of polypropylene (PP) with different melt flow rate (Mosten GB 002, Mosten GB 218, Mosten MA 230) and 1 type of polystyrene (PS) (Krasten PS GP 154) was evaluated in terms of dimensional stability and weight. The contribution of software for modeling the plastic injection molding process was evaluated in this work. SOLIDWORKS Plastics software was used to optimize technological parameters. The construction of the bodies, mold and cooling system was constructed, and test bodies were produced on the basis of parameters obtained from the simulation of the injection molding process. Their quality parameters were compared with a 3D model and for each of the studied materials the optimal technological parameters were selected in terms of quality and the degree of influence of individual injection parameters on the quality of moldings was evaluated. The accordance of the results of the theoretical simulation with the real experiment was proved and a computational module independent of the optimized quality parameters, generally suitable for optimizing the quality parameters of the injected parts, was developed.