The early recollection technique has been in use since the late 1800s. In recent years early recollections have been utilized to analyze a number of different populations (e.g., alcoholics, homosexual men). The present study looks at the early recollections (ERs) of a number of male and female street involved youth. It is exploratory in nature as it presents the first ER research on street youth. No prior research was available for comparative purposes. The population consists of 32 subjects, whose average age is 20 years. Subjects were chosen from a downtown Vancouver drop-in centre. A scoring system, part of which was derived from an earlier study, is used to analyze the memories. The results generally indicate that males and females are passive agents in their actions, have memories that possess negative affect, and are externally controlled. In addition, the males have issues with their sexuality, and gender differences are evident with regard to role-activity and sexuality. This study also highlights the fact that more than half of the sample came from broken homes, had completed grade 10, had Catholic upbringings and, once on the street, were heavily involved in drug use. / Education, Faculty of / Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of / Graduate

There has been extensive research on the negative outcomes experienced by homeless youth and the protective role social support plays in typical adolescent development. However, current gaps in the literature are found in regard to potential protective factors for homeless youth, showing a need for further research to examine such possible influencers as social support. Homeless youth are a vulnerable population that live in social and residential instability during a critical time of development. It is imperative that research explores the elements that could serve as potential protective factors to foster resilience and healthy adolescent development for these youths. The current study sought to explore social support as a potential protective factor for homeless youth. By utilizing a social support framework, this study researched the relationships between homeless living status (e.g., living with a relative, non-relative, or no permanent home or caregiver), teacher social support, peer social support, academic achievement and psychosocial distress. This study found that teacher social support had a direct effect on the psychosocial functioning of homeless students. This indicates that higher levels of teacher social support perceived by homeless students within the school environment may have a positive impact on these students' psychosocial outcomes and overall well-being. Limitations and implications of the current study are discussed.

Today, there are children sleeping under bridges with no food to eat and nowhere to go. Without our help someone's daughter will continue to cry herself to sleep as she sleeps in the woods with only a blanket, someone's son will feed himself with trash from a dumpster, someone's granddaughter sleeping under a bridge will be raped and someone's grandson will commit suicide because he lost all hope. These children need our help. (Enough is Enough, 2022). Although there are some government agencies and organizations that try to identify what can be done to help the homeless youth population, minimal progress is taking place. The United States Government and other organizations are offering some assistance, but more funding is needed to save the lives of this vulnerable population. In addition, homeless youth need to have available access and knowledge that these resources exist and are available to help them fully transition back into society. This study examined the growing reality of youth homelessness and the impact of interventions for housing, mental health, and substance use. The primary goal of this theses is to bring awareness and educate the public on the homeless youth crisis currently being faced throughout our country. In addition, the resource guide that was created with the research found from this study will be distributed in places homeless youth can access such as local schools, shelters, churches, police and fire stations, as well as online databases.

Homelessness in the youth population is associated with elevated rates of mental illness, substance abuse, and suicidality compared to the housed population in the United States (Berdahl, Hoyt, and Whitbeck, 2005; Hodgson, Shelton, Van den Bree, 2014; Hughes et al., 2010). With a survival-focused perspective, exacerbating issues, stigmatization, and transience housing; homeless youth require special consideration to meet their diverse health needs. When barriers impede homeless youth's access to necessary health resources, their health concerns are left untreated and impound until emergency services are required. This review of literature is focused on identifying and synthesizing barriers and facilitators for homeless youth to access and utilize mental health care services. When untreated mental illness reaches a crisis point, it becomes more expensive to treat (Taylor, Stuttaford, and Vostanis, 2006). For youth experiencing homelessness, various factors influence their decisions to wait until a crisis to reach out to emergency services. Within the literature, barriers and facilitators were bracketed into personal, social, and structural factors. These factors ranged from financial concerns, communication with health care providers and between health care service locations, stigmatization, lack of awareness, and administrative requirements. While further research is required, evidence from the literature shows promise in developing and altering interventions and communication to meet homeless youth's mental health and substance abuse needs.

No description available.

No description available.

Due to their disproportionate risk of tenancy non-sustainment there have been concerns raised for young people making a pathway out of homelessness into independent living. Despite these concerns, there has been limited research looking at how young people experience tenancy sustainment or where they move onto after terminating a tenancy. This thesis, drawing on Bourdieu’s (1990a) theory of practice, presents a reconceptualisation of tenancy sustainment as a practice of sustaining a tenancy. The theoretical-empirical analysis is based on data collected through longitudinal research involving two waves of semi- structured interviews with 25 young people, aged 16-25, who had recently made a pathway out of homelessness into their own independent tenancies. The interdependency between a tenant and their tenancy presented young people with pressures which they developed techniques of independent living in response to in order to sustain their tenancy and make it a home. Young people not only had a particular housing position of being a tenant, they held family and education-employment positions which took part in the formation and shaping of the pressures they experienced living independently. Tenancies were not seen as an end in themselves by young people who desired, through the experience of sustaining a tenancy, increasingly independent positions within their other social positions as well. An uneven process of actually existing neoliberalism across policy areas through its influence on young people’s constellation of interdependent relations also created a dissonance within the positions held by young people fostering social suffering. Young people ending a tenancy viewed this as a ‘step backwards’ when it meant decreasing independence such as a return to supported accommodation; ambivalence where it arose from the end of a relationship; and as a move forwards, or ‘getting on with life’, when making a youth transition and housing pathway towards establishing their own family household.

A temática da juventude tem sido construída como categoria sociológica e abre o debate sobre a necessidade da criação de políticas sociais que se direcionem para a promoção de acesso aos direitos de crianças, adolescentes e jovens, destacando-se aqueles provenientes de grupos populares. As políticas sociais, entendidas como um conjunto de ações articuladas e reconhecidas como necessidades humanas, realizam intervenções consoantes ou distantes dos ideários estabelecidos. Propõe-se descrever um dos programas do Plano Municipal para a Infância e Juventude, implementado em Campinas, SP, durante a gestão 2001-2004. O Plano era composto de dez programas temáticos, sendo analisado o Criando Rede de Esperança, o qual tinha meninos e meninas em situação de rua como população-alvo. Investiga-se a rede de serviços componente do Programa no período de 2001 a 2006, questionando-se o estabelecimento efetivo de inovações sociopolíticas e a produção de mudanças na vida de seus usuários. Os procedimentos de investigação foram: entrevistas semidirigidas com gestores das diferentes Secretarias componentes da rede, coordenadores e técnicos dos serviços e os meninos e as meninas; grupos de atividades com os adolescentes nas instituições; e observação participante no equipamento da Saúde. Lançou-se mão ainda do acompanhamento de alguns adolescentes nas ruas. Foram utilizadas trajetórias de vida de cinco jovens para a apresentação dos serviços e temáticas que as perpassavam. Observou-se que a dinâmica entre os atores configura-se sob uma tensão com compreensões nem sempre congruentes entre os objetivos institucionais e de seus usuários, gerando pouco avanço na produção de direitos para esse grupo populacional. Aponta-se que as políticas sociais concentram limites nas ações desenvolvidas, marcados pela estrutura política neoliberal do Estado democrático capitalista, bem como evidenciados pela execução de ações que se dirigem para a individualização de problemas e pouco progresso na compreensão e enfrentamento coletivos. Todavia, produzem também um nível de cuidado e atenção que se constitui como pontos de apoio para essa população. As políticas sociais armazenam as possibilidades de consolidar efetivamente inovações sociopolíticas e caminham para a promoção dos direitos dos jovens brasileiros de grupos populares. Para tanto, demarca-se o desafio de as ações sociais, entre elas as de saúde pública, estabelecerem práticas inovadoras e efetivas para a promoção de direitos. / The theme of youth has been built as a sociological category and it opens the debate on the need for the creation of social policies which would drive access to child, teenagers and youth rights, mainly those who come from popular groups. Social policies, understood as \"human needs\", make interventions which are accorded to or different from the ideas previously set. The proposal is to analyze one of the programs from the City Plan for Childhood and Youth, implemented in Campinas, SP during 2001-2004 term. The Plan was composed of ten thematic programs, from which it was analyzed Criando Rede de Esperaça (Creating Hope Network), whose target population was boys and girls who live in streets. The program\'s services network is analyzed from 2001 to 2006, and it is held a discussion on whether there was social-political innovations and changing in life of its users. The investigation procedures were the following: semi-driven interviews with managers from different secretaries which compose the network, with coordinators and technicians, and also with the girls and boys; activity groups with teenagers inside the institutions; and participating observation on Health system facility. Besides that, some teenagers were accompanied in the streets. Life stories from five youths were taken to present both the services and the themes regarding them. It was noticed that the dynamic among actors was set under a tension with understandings not always congruent between institutional objectives and their users\' objectives, what has generated little advance on the promotion of rights to this population group. It was pointed out that social policies focus borders on developed actions, marked by the capitalist democratic State\'s neoliberal political structure, as it was evidenced by the execution of actions which point to individualization of the problems and little advance on the collective understanding and facing. Nevertheless, they also produce a level of caring and attention which constitutes itself as support points to this population. The social policies keep the possibilities of effectively consolidating social-political innovations and they walk to the promotion for rights of youth Brazilians from popular groups. To do so, it was emphasized as the challenge for social actions, among which those on public health, to set innovative and effective practices to the promotion of rights.

A temática da juventude tem sido construída como categoria sociológica e abre o debate sobre a necessidade da criação de políticas sociais que se direcionem para a promoção de acesso aos direitos de crianças, adolescentes e jovens, destacando-se aqueles provenientes de grupos populares. As políticas sociais, entendidas como um conjunto de ações articuladas e reconhecidas como necessidades humanas, realizam intervenções consoantes ou distantes dos ideários estabelecidos. Propõe-se descrever um dos programas do Plano Municipal para a Infância e Juventude, implementado em Campinas, SP, durante a gestão 2001-2004. O Plano era composto de dez programas temáticos, sendo analisado o Criando Rede de Esperança, o qual tinha meninos e meninas em situação de rua como população-alvo. Investiga-se a rede de serviços componente do Programa no período de 2001 a 2006, questionando-se o estabelecimento efetivo de inovações sociopolíticas e a produção de mudanças na vida de seus usuários. Os procedimentos de investigação foram: entrevistas semidirigidas com gestores das diferentes Secretarias componentes da rede, coordenadores e técnicos dos serviços e os meninos e as meninas; grupos de atividades com os adolescentes nas instituições; e observação participante no equipamento da Saúde. Lançou-se mão ainda do acompanhamento de alguns adolescentes nas ruas. Foram utilizadas trajetórias de vida de cinco jovens para a apresentação dos serviços e temáticas que as perpassavam. Observou-se que a dinâmica entre os atores configura-se sob uma tensão com compreensões nem sempre congruentes entre os objetivos institucionais e de seus usuários, gerando pouco avanço na produção de direitos para esse grupo populacional. Aponta-se que as políticas sociais concentram limites nas ações desenvolvidas, marcados pela estrutura política neoliberal do Estado democrático capitalista, bem como evidenciados pela execução de ações que se dirigem para a individualização de problemas e pouco progresso na compreensão e enfrentamento coletivos. Todavia, produzem também um nível de cuidado e atenção que se constitui como pontos de apoio para essa população. As políticas sociais armazenam as possibilidades de consolidar efetivamente inovações sociopolíticas e caminham para a promoção dos direitos dos jovens brasileiros de grupos populares. Para tanto, demarca-se o desafio de as ações sociais, entre elas as de saúde pública, estabelecerem práticas inovadoras e efetivas para a promoção de direitos. / The theme of youth has been built as a sociological category and it opens the debate on the need for the creation of social policies which would drive access to child, teenagers and youth rights, mainly those who come from popular groups. Social policies, understood as \"human needs\", make interventions which are accorded to or different from the ideas previously set. The proposal is to analyze one of the programs from the City Plan for Childhood and Youth, implemented in Campinas, SP during 2001-2004 term. The Plan was composed of ten thematic programs, from which it was analyzed Criando Rede de Esperaça (Creating Hope Network), whose target population was boys and girls who live in streets. The program\'s services network is analyzed from 2001 to 2006, and it is held a discussion on whether there was social-political innovations and changing in life of its users. The investigation procedures were the following: semi-driven interviews with managers from different secretaries which compose the network, with coordinators and technicians, and also with the girls and boys; activity groups with teenagers inside the institutions; and participating observation on Health system facility. Besides that, some teenagers were accompanied in the streets. Life stories from five youths were taken to present both the services and the themes regarding them. It was noticed that the dynamic among actors was set under a tension with understandings not always congruent between institutional objectives and their users\' objectives, what has generated little advance on the promotion of rights to this population group. It was pointed out that social policies focus borders on developed actions, marked by the capitalist democratic State\'s neoliberal political structure, as it was evidenced by the execution of actions which point to individualization of the problems and little advance on the collective understanding and facing. Nevertheless, they also produce a level of caring and attention which constitutes itself as support points to this population. The social policies keep the possibilities of effectively consolidating social-political innovations and they walk to the promotion for rights of youth Brazilians from popular groups. To do so, it was emphasized as the challenge for social actions, among which those on public health, to set innovative and effective practices to the promotion of rights.

abstract: On a given night in 2018, over half a million people were experiencing homelessness in the United States, and of those, about 36,000 were youth under the age of 25. Music is an indispensable part of young people’s identities and cultures, and understanding the ways in which homeless youth define their own musical preferences and use of music can help music therapists intervene effectively in youth homelessness as part of an interdisciplinary care team. The purpose of this project was twofold: 1) to conduct a descriptive research project pertaining to homeless young adults’ use of music and 2) to develop recommendations for music therapists based on research findings from the descriptive project and extant literature. Thirty-one homeless young adults (ages 18-26) were recruited for interviews from two resource centers serving homeless youth in a large metropolitan city in a southwestern state. Template analysis was used to systematically analyze and code participants’ verbatim transcripts from the interviews into a codebook. Quotes from the interviews were used to illustrate themes. Findings included that homeless youth used music, especially metal and rap, for coping and mood regulation, and that youth are also engaged in creative music making, especially singing and songwriting for self-expression. For some youth, certain music can be identity-forming (for better or worse) and certain other music can be triggering. Results are integrated with a review of literature and recommendations for practicing clinicians are presented. Music therapy with this population would likely yield best outcomes by using short-term interventions and culturally competent application of clients’ preferred music. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Music Therapy 2019