This study examined peer relationships and psychosocial functioning as a function of maternal and paternal involvement and nurturance along with the moderating effects of gender, family form, and ethnicity. Prior research has shown the influence of mother’s involvement on peer relationship quality but not of fathers. Further, previous studies did not examine moderation by family form, gender, or ethnicity. The sample consisted of 1359 students who identified their biological mother and father as the most influential parental figures in their lives. Their ages ranged from 18 to 26; Sixty–one percent of the sample was Hispanic, 13% non-Hispanic Black, 25% non-Hispanic White; 76% female and 70% from intact families. The analytical strategy included using bivariate correlations and structural equation modeling to examine these relationships. All dimensions of maternal and paternal nurturing and involvement were positively related to positive characteristics of peer relationships, self-esteem and life satisfaction consistent with the multicultural findings of PARTheory (Rohner, Khalique, & Cournoyer, 2005). A structural model was developed that was able to adequately account for the relationship between parental influence, peer relationships, and psychosocial functioning. These effects of both maternal and paternal influence were strongly moderated by culture, family form, and gender. Finally, a differential effect was found among parental influence with fathers having a greater influence on friendship quality and importance than mothers, despite greater maternal involvement. These findings have theoretical, clinical, and social implications as they call for a socially based theoretical perspective within which to study these relationships. Such a perspective would better inform clinicians when using impaired social functioning as indicative of axial diagnosis, and for the implementation of social policy to encourage paternal involvement.

No description available.

Pediatric neuropsychological evaluations are often used to help with diagnostic clarification, aid with treatment planning, and propose recommendations. Yet, little is known about the effects that a neuropsychological evaluation may have on psychosocial outcome and functioning. The present study sought to replicate customer satisfaction results and recommendation adherence results from previous studies while including a longitudinal measure of psychosocial functioning to determine change over time in a pre-test post-test design. Parents of children who underwent a neuropsychological evaluation between May 2016 and December 2020 were invited to complete a survey including the consumer satisfaction questionnaire and treatment adherence questions. They were then sent the Behavioral Assessment System for Children – 3rd Edition (BASC-3). Parents provided consent for access to their children's medical records to extract baseline BASC-3 scores as well as other demographic information. Results indicated that parents were very satisfied with the neuropsychological evaluation. Recommendation adherence ranges from an average of 48% for school counseling and 89% for autism therapies. Changes in psychosocial functioning were only detected on the internalizing index of the BASC from baseline to follow-up, t=2.63, p=0.01. A significant correlation was found between time since evaluation and change in the adaptive functioning index of the BASC-3, Pearson r=-0.36, p=0.002.

No description available.

Psychosocial functioning is a key component of screening and treatment of Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) in adults; however, psychosocial functioning in adolescents with TMD has received little empirical attention. The present study aims to examine group difference between adolescents and adults with TMD on pain and prominent psychosocial factors, such as anxiety, depression, and somatization, as well as to explore additional developmentally sensitive psychosocial factors that may be associated more with the adolescent TMD pain. Participants included 35 adolescents aged 12-17 (M=14.89 years, SD=1.84) with TMD muscle pain who completed pain questionnaires and a comprehensive dental examination. Patients and their primary caregivers completed behavioral questionnaires to examine psychosocial functioning. Thirty-five adults matched on gender, diagnosis, and duration of pain were selected from a large pre-existing database of previous orofacial pain patients. Adolescents and adults reported descriptively similar TMD pain and equivalent rates of anxiety, depression, and somatization; however, the relationship between these psychosocial factors and TMD pain appear to be more salient for adults compared to adolescents. In adolescents, increased pain-related interference was significantly associated with positive attitudes toward school, better anger control, and deficits in functional communication; whereas, more frequent TMD pain was significantly associated with sense of inadequacy and parent-reported withdrawal, though not in the expected direction. Screening for TMD in adults typically focuses on anxiety, depression, and somatization; however, these psychosocial factors overall did not appear as salient in adolescents as attitude toward school, anger control, sense of inadequacy, withdrawal, and functional communication, suggesting that adult psychosocial screen may need to be revised to include developmentally sensitive targets that may be particularly important for screening of TMD in adolescents.

Objective: Type 1 diabetes is one of the most common pediatric chronic illnesses. Adolescents are at risk for poorer adherence and in turn, poorer glycemic control; however, youth whose parents remain involved in diabetes care are in better control. A parent’s level of involvement is dependent in part upon his or her own social and emotional functioning. Much is known about the link between separate aspects of parent psychosocial functioning (e.g., depressive symptoms, parental stress) and parent involvement in diabetes care, adherence, and glycemic control. However, no study to our knowledge has examined these constructs simultaneously as they interrelate to one another and to youth diabetes status. Given the complexity of human behavior, use of multiple indicators of parent psychosocial status should provide a comprehensive portrayal of precursors to parental monitoring. Methods: The current study used structural equation modeling (SEM) in a sample of 257 parent-youth (aged 11-14) dyads (91% mothers) to examine comprehensive parent psychosocial functioning including parental distress, authoritative parenting, and parental self-efficacy for diabetes management as related to parental monitoring, youth adherence and glycemic control. Results: The SEM model fit the data well [χ2 (121) = 209.24, p < .001, CFI = .93, TLI = .91, RMSEA = .06, SRMR = .08]. Overall, the model accounted for 30% of the variance in parental monitoring, 27% of the variance in adherence, and 22% of the variance in glycemic control. Specifically, lower levels of parental distress (i.e., depressive symptoms, parenting stress, and hypoglycemic fear) related to higher parental self-efficacy for diabetes management and more authoritative parenting, each of which in turn related to more parental monitoring. Further, higher parental self-efficacy related directly to better youth adherence. Conclusions: The current study shows interrelated paths of parent psychosocial functioning associated with parental monitoring of youth diabetes care and ultimately, youth adherence and glycemic control. Interventions that target diabetes adherence in adolescents with T1D should consider screening for and treatment of parental distress.

Parent and child readiness to change have been identified as emerging areas informing pediatric obesity interventions. The purpose of this study was to increase understanding of child and parent readiness to change in obese youth by examining how these constructs are related to demographic variables, as well as to psychosocial functioning, in a sample of obese youth presenting for weight- management treatment. A secondary aim was to examine consistency between parent and child readiness to change. Two hundred twenty-eight 7- to 17-year-old children and their parents participated during the child’s initial assessment at a multidisciplinary weight-management clinic. Demographic variables included in analyses were child Body Mass Index, parent Body Mass Index, child age, child gender, child race, and family income. Children completed measures of quality of life, depression, social anxiety, internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and readiness to change. Parents completed assessments of children’s quality of life, children’s internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and parents’ own readiness to change. The child’s Body Mass Index was significantly related to both parent and child readiness to change. There was also a significant positive relation between child readiness to change and the child’s own report of social anxiety symptoms, as well as a curvilinear relation with internalizing symptoms, such as depression. In addition to the child’s Body Mass Index, parent readiness to change was positively related to the child’s age and was higher in African American parents than in European American parents. Race moderated the relation between parent readiness to change and health-related quality of life, internalizing symptoms, and externalizing problems. Parents and children were discordant in their ratings of readiness to change, with parents tending to report higher levels; the child’s Body Mass Index moderated the relation between parent and child report of readiness to change. Clinical implications and future directions are discussed.

Darbo tikslas - atskleisti sergančiųjų šizofrenija psichosocialinio funkcionavimo gerinimo galimybes taikant psichologinės korekcijos metodus. Šizofrenija serga vidutiniškai 1 proc. pasaulio žmonių. Remiantis Valstybinio psichikos sveikatos centro (2006) duomenimis, šizofrenija gali susirgti bet kuris asmuo nepriklausomai nuo tautybės, socialinės padėties ar išsilavinimo. Šizofrenija yra sunkus psichikos sutrikimas arba grupė tokių sutrikimų, kuriems būdingi psichozės simptomai, pažeidžiantys žmogaus elgesį ir suvokimą. Tai polietiologinis psichikos sutrikimas. Su šizofrenija susijusios priežastys gali būti: virusinė infekcija iki gimimo, hipoksija (deguonies trūkumas), apsinuodijimai, cheminių medžiagų organizme disbalansas, neuromediatorių pusiausvyros sutrikimas, smegenų kraujotakos sutrikimai, psichosocialinis stresas ir tam tikri šeimos modeliai. Sergant šizofrenija pažeidžiamos šios psichikos veiklos sferos: valia, mąstymas ir emocijos. Su šizofrenija gali atsirasti suicidinių ketinimų. Savižudybės rizika didžiausia pirmuosius 6 metus, po šizofrenijos diagnozės nustatymo. V.Fenton (1997) teigimu, galimas ryšys tarp šizofrenijos spektro sutrikimų, teigiamų ir neigiamų simptomų ir suicidinio elgesio. Sergantiems šizofrenija kyla daug psichosocialinių problemų. Tai: nerimas, depresija, socialinė izoliacija, karjeros planavimo ir įsidarbinimo problemos. Sergantys šizofrenija asmenys turi tinkamai adaptuotis socialinėje aplinkoje. Sergantiems šizofrenija psichikos būklei... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim - to reveal psychosocial functioning of patients with schizophrenia, improvement in the context of psychological adjustment methods. Schizophrenia affects approximately 1 percent people in the world. According to the State Mental Health Centre (2006) show that schizophrenia may suffer from any person, regardless of nationality, social status or education. Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder or group of such disorders characterized by psychotic symptoms, which violate the human behavior and perception. This Polyetiological mental disorder. With schizophrenia related reasons may be: a viral infection before birth, hypoxia (oxygen deficiency), poisoning, chemical imbalances in the body, a neurotransmitter imbalance, cerebrovascular disorders, psychosocial stress and some family models. Schizophrenia vulnerable to this mental activity spheres: the will, thought and emotion. With schizophrenia can lead to suicidal intent. Highest risk of suicide during the first 6 years after the diagnosis of schizophrenia. Fenton MV (1997) argues that a possible link between schizophrenia spectrum disorders, positive and negative symptoms and suicidal behavior. Patients with schizophrenia have a lot of psychosocial problems. These include: anxiety, depression, social isolation, career planning and employment issues. Persons with schizophrenia have a duty to adapt to the social environment. With schizophrenia and mental status assessment of disease severity of the psychological... [to full text]

Cognitive deficit is now considered to be a core feature of schizophrenia, which significantly influences psychosocial functioning in individuals with this illness. The aim of this study is to analyze the cognitive performance during the first year after the first episode of the illness and cognition related to psychosocial functioning. A total of 28 people hospitalized after the first psychotic episode of schizophrenia F20 according to ICD-10 participated in our study and underwent measurements of cognitive functions by the international MCCB battery. They were also evaluated by the PANSS (Scale of positive and negative symptoms) and PSP (range of personal and social performance). After one year from the first measurement for re-examination, 20 patients made an appearance. In 75% of the sample (n = 28), a cognitive deficit below 1.5 standard deviations below the normative average, i.e. below 35 T-score, was detected, at least in one of the measured domains. Speed of processing was the most impaired domain (T < 35), Reasoning and problem solving was the least attenuated domain (T > 40). The resulting analysis (paired t-test) showed a significant improvement one year after first-episode schizophrenia in domains Speed of processing (p = 0,018) and Reasoning and problem solving (p = 0,023). The...

There has been extensive research on the negative outcomes experienced by homeless youth and the protective role social support plays in typical adolescent development. However, current gaps in the literature are found in regard to potential protective factors for homeless youth, showing a need for further research to examine such possible influencers as social support. Homeless youth are a vulnerable population that live in social and residential instability during a critical time of development. It is imperative that research explores the elements that could serve as potential protective factors to foster resilience and healthy adolescent development for these youths. The current study sought to explore social support as a potential protective factor for homeless youth. By utilizing a social support framework, this study researched the relationships between homeless living status (e.g., living with a relative, non-relative, or no permanent home or caregiver), teacher social support, peer social support, academic achievement and psychosocial distress. This study found that teacher social support had a direct effect on the psychosocial functioning of homeless students. This indicates that higher levels of teacher social support perceived by homeless students within the school environment may have a positive impact on these students' psychosocial outcomes and overall well-being. Limitations and implications of the current study are discussed.