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Orientador: Luiz Carlos Dias / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T02:46:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fattori_Juliana_M.pdf: 2240885 bytes, checksum: 9db38d985e4bc4fb6668aeb311352757 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: A unidade aminodiol está presente em esfingolipídeos que são uma importante classe de biomoléculas. Os esfingolipídeos são componentes das membranas celulares e estão relacionados a processos de crescimento, diferenciação celular e apoptose. Alguns esfingolipídeos como a esfingosina e compostos análogos apresentam atividade antitumoral, por isso metodologias para a obtenção de compostos deste tipo têm despertado a atenção dos químicos orgânicos sintéticos. Assim, neste trabalho foi desenvolvida uma metodologia curta e eficiente para a preparacao de derivados de 2-amino-3,5-diois, com o intuito de fornecer material para testes biologicos. A sintese aqui apresentada envolveu o acoplamento de uma aliltricloroestanana aquiral com a-aminoaldeidos fornecendo alcoois homoalilicos em bons rendimentos e com alta diastereosseletividade. Em seguida a clivagem oxidativa da dupla ligação presente nos álcoois homoalilicos levou a formacao de b-hidroxicetonas inéditas na literatura. E, por fim, a reducao das b-hidroxicetonas sob diferentes condições conduziu aos 2-amino-3,5-diois 1,3-syn e 1,3-anti em bons rendimentos e excelente diastereosseletividade / Abstract: The aminodiol moiety is present in sphingolipids which are an important class of biologically active compounds. These compounds play an important role in the chemistry of cellular membranes, cell growth differentiation and apoptosis. Some of them, like sphingosine and analogues have showed anticancer activity. Therefore procedures to prepare this kind of compounds have been developed by the organic chemists. In this work we have developed a short and efficient route for the synthesis of 2- amino-3,5-diol derivatives, in order to provide material for further biological studies. Our approach to the 2-amino-3,5-diols involved the coupling of an achiral alilthriclorostannane with a-aminoaldehydes to give the corresponding homoallylic alcohols in good yields and with high levels of diastereoslectivity. Double bond oxidation gave the corresponding b-hydroxyketones in excellent yields. Finally, reduction of the b-hydroxyketones under different conditions gave the desired 2- amino-3,5-diols 1,3-syn and 1,3-anti in good yields and high diastereoselectivities / Mestrado / Quimica Organica / Mestre em Química

Orientador: Luiz Carlos Dias / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T14:19:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vasconcelos_ValeriadeAssis_M.pdf: 7596682 bytes, checksum: 65276fd66a14ce257adec53a54afb9cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: A preparação de álcoois homoalílicos através da adição de um reagente organometálico alílico a aldeídos é um dos processos mais importantes em síntese orgânica. O objetivo desse trabalho foi investigar o comportamento das aliltricloroestananas quirais (1, 2 e 3) em reações com metilcetonas e isatinas levando a álcoois homoalílicos contendo um centro quaternário estereogênico. As reações de acoplamentos envolvendo as aliltricloroestananas (R)-1, (S)-2 e (R)-3 (preparadas in situ a partir dos alilsilanos correspondentes) e diferentes metilcetonas levaram à formação dos álcoois homoalílicos com baixos a moderados níveis de diastereosseletividades. As reações de acoplamentos de diferentes N-alquil isatinas com as aliltricloroestananas (R)-1, (S)-2 e (R)-3 forneceram os álcoois homoalílicos com baixos a altos níveis de diastereosseletividades e bons rendimentos. Vale aqui ressaltar a dificuldade no controle da estereoquímica relativa nesse tipo de reação, pois a mesma resulta na geração de centros quaternários. / Abstract: The preparation of homoallylic alcohols through the addition of an organometallic allylic reagent to aldehydes is one of the most important processes in organic synthesis. The objective of this work was to investigate the reactions of chiral allyltrichlorostannanes (1, 2 and 3) with achiral methyl ketones and isatins leading to homoallylic alcohols containing a quaternary stereogenic center. The coupling reaction of achiral methyl ketones with chiral allyltrichlorostannanes (R)-1, (S)-2 and (R)-3 (prepared in situ from the allylsilanes) gave the corresponding homoallylic alcohols with low to moderate levels of diastereoselectivity. The coupling reaction of N-alkyl isatins with chiral allyltrichlorostannanes (R)-1, (S)-2 and (R)-3 gave the corresponding homoallylic alcohols with low to high levels of diastereoselectivity, in good yields. / Mestrado / Quimica Organica / Mestre em Química

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This thesis is focused on two main areas of organic synthesis, palladium-catalyzed functionalization of alkenes and allylic alcohols, as well as development of new allylboration reactions. We have developed a palladium-catalyzed selective allylic trifluoroacetoxylation reaction based on C−H functionalization. Allylic trifluoroacetates were synthesized from functionalized olefins under oxidative conditions. The reactions proceed under mild conditions with a high level of diastereoselectivity. Mechanistic studies of the allylic C−H trifluoroacetoxylation indicate that the reaction proceeds via (η3-allyl)palladium(IV) intermediate. Palladium-catalyzed regio- and stereoselective synthesis of allylboronic acids from allylic alcohols has been demonstrated. Diboronic acid B2(OH)4 was used as the boron source in this process. The reactivity of the allylboronic acids were studied in three types of allylboration reactions: allylboration of ketones, imines and acyl hydrazones. All three processes are conducted under mild conditions without any additives. The reactions proceeded with remarkably high regio- and stereoselectivity. An asymmetric version of the allylboration of ketones was also developed. In this process chiral BINOL derivatives were used as catalysts. The reaction using γ-disubstituted allylboronic acids and various aromatic and aliphatic ketones afforded homoallylic alcohols bearing two adjacent quaternary stereocenters with excellent regio-, diastereo- and enantioselectivity (up to 97:3 er) in high yield. The stereoselectivity in the allylboration reactions could be rationalized on the basis of the Zimmerman-Traxler TS model.

Limiter la perte d'atomes, privilégier l'usage de catalyseurs, s'abstenir de l'utilisation de réactifs toxiques et éviter les étapes de purifications sont certains des challenges de la chimie moderne. De nombreuses recherches ont donc été consacrées au développement de réactions dites ''tandems''. La réaction d'isomérisation d'alcène permet dans certains cas de générer une toute nouvelle réactivité au sein d'une molécule, en déplaçant une double liaison. Cette réaction requiert souvent un catalyseur de type hydrure avec un métal de transition. Ce mémoire décrit la mise au point de nouvelles réactions ''tandems'' dont l'une des composantes mise en jeu est une réaction isomérisation d'oléfine. Une attention toute particulière a été adressée à la synthèse de vinylboronates notamment par métathèse croisée. Outre les nombreuses applications en synthèse organique qui sont présentées dans ce mémoire, ces intermédiaires peuvent être isomérisés en allylboronates. Ces derniers peuvent réagir avec un aldéhyde pour donner des alcools homoallyliques avec une complète diastéréosélectivité. Ces alcools ont, entre autres, été utilisés en synthèse totale de plusieurs molécules naturelles complexes présentant un motif 2,3-dihydrobenzofurane. / Some of the new challenges of modern synthetic chemistry are: atom economy, employment of catalytic processes, avoidance of toxic reactants and limitation of purification steps. A lot of work has been devoted to the development of tandem reactions. A new reactivity could be generated in a molecule thanks to an isomerisation (or migration) reaction of an alkene. This reaction often needs an hydride specie which comes from a transition metal catalyst. This PhD thesis is about the development of new tandem reactions in which at least one step is an isomerisation of an olefin. A great attention has been dedicated to the synthesis of vinylboronates especially with a cross-metathesis strategy. These intermediates are of great importance in organic chemistry and can be useful in a wide range of reactions. One of those reactions is the transformation of vinylboronates to allylboronates thanks to an isomerisation step. Allylboronates can then react with aldehydes to generate homoallylic alcohols with total diastereoselectivity. These new reactions have found applications in total synthesis of natural molecules with a 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran core.

This thesis is focused on the development of new pincer complex-catalyzed transformations. Optimization of the catalytic properties (fine-tuning) was directed to increase the catalytic activity as well as the chemo-, stereo- and enantioselectivity of the complexes. This was achieved by varying the heteroatoms in the terdentate pincer ligand, by changing the electronic properties of the coordinated aryl moiety and by implementing chiral functionalities in the pincer complexes. In the cross-coupling reaction of vinyl epoxides and aziridines with organoboronic acids the chemoselectivity of the reaction could be increased by employment of pincer complexes instead of commonly used Pd(0) catalysts. Furthermore, the introduction of a methoxy substituent in the aromatic subunit of the complex considerably increased the activity of the pincer complex catalyst. Fine-tuning of the enantioselectivity in electrophilic allylation reactions was achieved by using a wide variety of new BINOL- and biphenanthrol-based pincer complexes. The highest enantioselectivity (85% ee) was obtained by applying biphenanthrol-based pincer complexes. Stereoselective pincer complex-catalyzed condensation of sulfonylimines with isocyanoacetate could be achieved under mild reaction conditions. By application of chiral PCP catalysts, 2-imidazolines could be obtained with up to 86% ee. A new pincer complex-catalyzed C-H bond functionalization based reaction between organonitriles and sulfonylimines affords homoallylic amines and beta-aminonitriles in high yields. The asymmetric version of this process affords beta-aminonitriles with up to 71% ee. In the last chapter, a pincer complex-catalyzed redox coupling reaction is described. In this highly regio- and stereoselective process the integrity of the pincer catalysts is fully retained. This catalytic reaction proceeds with a high level of functional group tolerance, as allylic acetate and aryl halide functionalities are retained.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The present work reports the synthesis of homoallylic alcohols derived from trihaloacetyl/trifluormethyl substituted azoles employing a simple methodology, with excellent cost benefit and able to furnish the desired products with satisfactory yields. The synthetic approach involved the increase of the scope of a previous work of the research group NUQUIMHE, where three new pyrazoles containing a dimethyl acetal aldehyde function bonded to the carbon 3 of the heterocycle (5a-c) were synthetized from cyclocondensation reactions between methyl, phenyl and tert-butyl hydrazine and the 4,6,6-trimethoxy-1,1,1-trifluorohex-3-en-2-one (3f) in alcoholic medium. The compounds were obtained like oils, with yields in the range of 89 98 %. In a next step, was performed the deprotection of the acetal moiety of the pyrazoles (5a-c), in order to obtain the corresponding aldehydes (6a-c). To this, it was employed a solution of CHCl3 and aqueous trifluoroacetic acid under reflux for a reactional time of 4 hours. This methodology allowed isolating the desired products with yields in the range of 68 87 %. These compounds were employed to optimize the reactional conditions used in the synthesis of the homoallylic alcohols described in this dissertation. The allylation reaction of pyrazoles 6a-c was performed using allylaluminum reagents generated in situ from the catalytic insertion of aluminum to allyl bromides. The methodology was effective to synthetize the allylic alcohols 7a-c, which were obtained like oils, in the range of 84 90%. Of an analogue way, were realized the allylations of trihaloacetyl substituted 1,2,3-triazoles (4a-f). These precursors, obtained from 1,3 dipolar cycloadditions between the 2,6-difluorobenzyl azide (1) and trihalomethyl substituted enones (3a-f), were reacted with allylaluminum nucleophiles derived from allyl and crotyl bromides, furnishing the corresponding homoallylic alcohols with yields in the range of 85 94 %. In view of accessible price and exquisite chemical reactivity, the employed allylaluminum reagents proved to be an excellent choice for the allylations reactions of the azole 4 and 6, furnishing the desired products in good yield (85 94%). / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo a síntese de álcoois homoalílico derivados de azóis trialoacetil/trifluormetil substituídos empregando uma metodologia simples, com considerável custo benefício e capaz de fornecer rendimentos satisfatórios. A metodologia empregada envolveu a ampliação de um estudo prévio do grupo de pesquisa NUQUIMHE, onde três pirazóis inéditos contendo uma função acetal ligada ao carbono 3 do heterociclo (5a-c) foram sintetizados através de reações de ciclocondensação entre metil, fenil e tert-butil hidrazina e a 4,6,6-trimetoxi-1,1,1-trifluorhex-3-em-2-ona (3g) em meio alcoólico. Os compostos foram obtidos sob a forma de óleos, com rendimentos de 89 98 %. Em uma etapa posterior, foi realizado a desproteção da função acetal presente nos pirazóis (5a-c), visando à obtenção dos aldeídos correspondentes (6a-c). Para isto, empregou-se uma solução de CHCl3 e ácido trifluoroacético aquoso sob refluxo, por um tempo reacional de 4 horas, metodologia que possibilitou a obtenção dos produtos desejados com rendimentos na faixa de 68 87 %. Estes compostos foram empregados na otimização da metodologia reacional utilizada para a síntese dos álcoois homoalílicos descritos nesta dissertação. As alilações dos pirazóis 6a-c foram realizadas empregando reagentes alilalumínio gerados in situ a partir da inserção catalítica de alumínio a brometos alílicos. A metodologia mostrou-se eficiente para a obtenção dos álcoois homoalílicos 7a-c, os quais foram obtidos como óleos com rendimentos na faixa de 84 90%. De forma análoga, foram realizadas as alilações de 1,2,3-triazóis trialoacetil substituídos (4a-f). Estes precursores, obtidos a partir de cicloadições 1,3 dipolares entre a 2,6-difluorbenzil azida (1) e enonas trialometil substituídas (3a-f), foram submetidos a reação com alilalumínio derivados de brometos de alila e crotila, fornecendo os álcoois correspondentes com rendimentos de 85 94 %. Tendo em vista o preço acessível e a ótima reatividade química, os alílalumínios empregados mostraram-se uma excelente escolha para a realização das alilações dos azóis 4 e 6, fornecendo os produtos desejados em bons rendimentos (85 94%).

Dans ce mémoire, je présente mes études sur une stratégie efficace développée pour la synthèse de cétones homoallyliques substituées à partir de l’addition en cascade de réactifs de Grignard vinyliques substitués sur des α-amino esters catalysée par des sels de cuivre. L’utilisation de ces cétones homoallyliques a permis d’obtenir des mimes peptidiques comprenant un isostère de type hydroxyéthylène du lien amide. L’étape clé de cette stratégie repose sur la synthèse de cétones homoallyliques substituées intermédiaires à partir de la réaction d’additions en cascade catalysée au cuivre, de bromure de β,β-diméthylevinyle magnésium sur des analogues d’esters de la phénylalanine et de la sérine. Les cétones homoallyliques résultantes sont réduites sélectivement en alcool, la liaison double est clivée oxydativement et l’acide carboxylique résultant est couplé à un acide aminé. Afin d’évaluer l’effet qu’ont le remplacement du lien amide central dans un coude β par un hydroxyéthylène et de la présence d’un gem diméthyle sur la chaîne carbonée sur la conformation tridimensionnelle adoptée par les tripeptides générés, des analyses à l’état solide par diffraction aux rayons X, des analyses en solution par la spectroscopie RMN et des expériences de type NOESY ont été réalisées. Ces études ont permis de définir un nouveau type de coude β. La présence de pont hydrogène intramoléculaire et l’effet de restriction de conformation induit par le gem diméthyle, généralement appelé effet Thorpe-Ingold, favorisent la formation d’un coude β. / In this thesis, I discuss my studies toward the synthesis of substituted homoallylic ketones from the copper-catalyzed cascade addition of substitued vinyl Grignard reagents to carboxylic esters. The homoallylic ketones were used to provide different peptidomimetics containing a hydroxyethylene isostere instead of an amide bond. The methyl ester of phenylalanine and serine derivatives were reacted in copper-catalyzed cascade additions of substitued vinylmagnesium bromide to provide substitued homoallylic ketone intermediates. Selective reduction of the ketone to an alcohol, oxidative cleavage of the double bond, followed by peptide coupling with amino acid lead to the desired peptidomimic. The influence of changing the central amide bond for a hydroxyethylene isostere in a β-turn and the effect of a gem dimethyl group on the backbone conformation adopted by the newly synthesized tripeptides, were studied by X-ray diffraction and solution NMR spectroscopy using NOESY experiments. From these studies, it was revealed that the iso-butyric acid hydroxyethylene isomer induced a β-turn-like conformation, and may serve as a novel scaffold for peptide mimicry.