This paper deals with performance measurements in 802.11g Wireless Multi-Hop Net- works at different locations. After an introduction to 802.11g Wireless LANs and Wireless Multi-Hop Networks, the testing environment consisting of hardware, soft- ware, configuration, and three different locations is described. Before test series for the actual measurements are defined, carried out reference tests provide reference perfor- mance data and prove that the used hardware is suitable for testing Wireless Multi-Hop Networks. Then the results of the measurements are discussed which show the influ- ence of multiple hops on throughput and latency for single and multi channel Multi-Hop Networks in indoor, outdoor, and urban environment. Finally, an outlook to further tests and improvements of Wireless Multi-Hop Networks is given.

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications is a promising enabling technology for high rate (Giga-bit) multimedia applications. However, because oxygen absorption peaks at 60 GHz, mmWave signal power degrades significantly over long distances. Therefore, a traffic flow transmitting over multiple short hops is preferred to improve the flow throughput. In this thesis, we first design a hop selection metric for the piconet controller (PNC) to select appropriate relay hops for a traffic flow, aiming to improve the flow throughput and balance the traffic loads across the network. We then propose a multi-hop concurrent transmission (MHCT) scheme to exploit the spatial diversity of the mmWave WPAN by allowing multiple communication links to transmit simultaneously. By deriving the probability that two links can transmit simultaneously as a function of link length, the MHCT scheme is capable of improving spatial multiplexing gain in comparison with the single hop concurrent transmission (SHCT) scheme. We theoretically demonstrate that by properly breaking a single long hop into multiple short hops, the time resource can be utilized more efficiently, thus supporting more traffic flows in the network within the same time interval. In addition, the per-flow throughput is obtained analytically. Extensive simulations are conducted to validate the analysis and demonstrate that the proposed MHCT scheme can significantly improve the average traffic flow throughput.

Wayde Comptons poetry collection Performance Bond is a union of hip-hop aesthetics and visual poetry to create a space for Vancouvers black community. Although the majority of the poems in Performance Bond are lyric, visual poems have a significant and varied presence in the book. Compton creates his visual poetry by including such materials as photographs and signs, concrete poetry and pseudo-concrete poetry, graffiti, a simulated newspaper facsimile of an original Vancouver Daily Province article, voodoo symbols, and typed characters that do not necessarily form words. Despite a contemporary population of over two million people, the greater Vancouver area of today does not have a centralized black community similar to that found in other North American cities like New York, Chicago, Los Angles, Toronto, or Halifax. To reconcile the absence of a centralized black community in Vancouver, Compton turns to sampling black culture from across the world (with an obvious concentration on the United States) in order to develop and represent his own black identity. The similarities between visual poetry and hip-hop culture, particularly their emphasis on spatial representation, facilitate Comptons continuing project to create a place for the black community in Vancouver.

With perfect channel state information at all the transmission terminals, the asymptotic capacity of multi-hop multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) amplify-andforward(AF) relay channels is derived. Although the derivation is based on the assumption of a large number of antennas, simulation results show that the derived expression is surprisingly accurate for even a small number of antennas, and may even be superior to existing results. In addition, based on the asymptotic result, we present different power allocation schemes to (i) minimization the transmit power; (ii) maximization the network throughput; (iii) minimization the transmit power over all source. Fortunately, the proposed power allocation problems can be formulated using geometric programming(GP). Therefore, the optimal power distribution among the multi-hop relay can be obtained efficiently. For multiuser scenarios, since it is possible that the QoS of each user cannot be satisfied simultaneously, we study jointly admission control and power allocation optimization problem. This joint problem is NP-hard. Therefor, we propose an iterative algorithm to reduced the complexity.

Applied ethnomusicology emerged as a sub-discipline within the larger field of ethnomusicology in the late 1980s. The approach has gained considerable attention in recent years, evidenced by the publication of the first book-length treatment of the subject in 2010 and numerous scholarly papers and roundtables devoted to the topic at the 2011 SEM conference. I review of the literature in order to trace general trends and shifts in frame and approach in order to establish a context for critically reflecting on the role of activist scholarship in ethnomusicology today. Drawing from the literature on applied ethnomusicology, cultural rights projects in Brazil, and personal experiences working with black women hip-hop activists in Recife, I suggest that activist approaches allow greater possibilities for progressive social change, facilitating dialogue and critical reflection in ways that applied approaches do not. I propose that we must re-think activist scholarship in ethnomusicology, and in Brazil more specifically, seriously considering the possibilities and limitations of music making for establishing sustained community activism that incorporates dialogic pedagogy. / text

At the present time, wireless sensor networks are becoming more and more  common and energy consumption is a key factor in the deployment and  maintenance of these networks. This thesis compares non-SFN multi-hop and  a single frequency network (SFN) or cooperative diversity algorithms with  respect to the energy consumed by the nodes. Since the nodes have limited  power capacity it is extremely important to have an efficient algorithm. In  addition, the behaviour of the network when SFN is employed must be  studied and advice offered with regards to improvements in order to achieve  preferential results. The effect on the network regarding macro diversity is  positive but, the battery energy consumption is still higher and has a drainage  effect on the network for simple multi-hop. The report will include  background information regarding mobile ad-hoc networks and the  relationship with cooperative diversity. It will also deal with how different  algorithms affect the energy consumption in multi-hop networks. Simulations  will also be presented in Matlab plots for two single frequency network  scenarios against a simple multi-hop regarding node energy during the  network discovery and decline. Results will include comparative figures which  are followed by a discussion concerning the simulation results and its effects.  The applications for wireless sensor networks include area monitoring,  environmental monitoring, data logging, industrial monitoring, agriculture  and the idea can additionally be used for wireless radio and TV distribution.  The simulations have been conducted for cooperative diversity algorithms  (SFN-A and SFN-D) against an algorithm which does not use cooperative  diversity in Matlab. The node energy consumption is compared for both  scenarios with regards to both  network reachability and decline. The node  power is analysed during the reachability of the network from the start to  attaining 100% of the discovered network. During network decline, the  behaviour of the node energy is studied for algorithms with SFN-A, SFN-D  and non SFN.  Also, the number of times node transmission occurs with  regards to  node discovery is also analysed.

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications is a promising enabling technology for high rate (Giga-bit) multimedia applications. However, because oxygen absorption peaks at 60 GHz, mmWave signal power degrades significantly over long distances. Therefore, a traffic flow transmitting over multiple short hops is preferred to improve the flow throughput. In this thesis, we first design a hop selection metric for the piconet controller (PNC) to select appropriate relay hops for a traffic flow, aiming to improve the flow throughput and balance the traffic loads across the network. We then propose a multi-hop concurrent transmission (MHCT) scheme to exploit the spatial diversity of the mmWave WPAN by allowing multiple communication links to transmit simultaneously. By deriving the probability that two links can transmit simultaneously as a function of link length, the MHCT scheme is capable of improving spatial multiplexing gain in comparison with the single hop concurrent transmission (SHCT) scheme. We theoretically demonstrate that by properly breaking a single long hop into multiple short hops, the time resource can be utilized more efficiently, thus supporting more traffic flows in the network within the same time interval. In addition, the per-flow throughput is obtained analytically. Extensive simulations are conducted to validate the analysis and demonstrate that the proposed MHCT scheme can significantly improve the average traffic flow throughput.

In this study we will explore impact exposure to brands references in music videos may have on the development of consumers’ brand knowledge. We assert that an understanding of this relationship is a function of both executional elements of the message and the intervening effects of select individual-difference factors. This dissertation applies social cognitive theories, the cultivation hypothesis, attribution theory and the elaboration likelihood model to develop the set of hypotheses. This dissertation seeks to provide initial evidence regarding the key factors brand managers and music executives must be aware of when implementing music video brand placements. A conceptual model of music video brand placement is presented and evaluated utilizing qualitative and quantitative techniques. The qualitative methodology employs real music fans as informants and music videos as stimuli in developing an understanding of the relationship consumers have with music as well as their reactions to music videos. The quantitative methodology uses an original music video as the stimulus, real music fans as respondents and a real-time on-line survey to measure the relationship among the variables. Study findings support the ability of music videos to impact extra-musical consumption and provide early evidence regarding factors important to understanding consumers’ responses to music video brand placements.

This thesis looks to expand on the ways in which urban design can influence and foster the development of street culture. Gentrification has resulted in the deterioration of many cities that were well known for their rich and vibrant street culture. In particular, Harlem, New York City has experienced decay in its tradition of having a strong and lively street presence. With its busiest street lined with numerous vacant lots, W 125th St in Harlem is the ideal testing ground for a project that breathes life into a dying street culture. Museums have the ability to spark urban regeneration and vitality. Taking cues from examples of successful museums, this project breaks free of the building envelope to create spaces that encourage and promote street culture activities. With a program that is heavily based in street and popular culture, a new cultural center provides support for this urban regeneration project.

The relationship between authors and readers has been heavily studied in western literatures since the shift between the spoken-subject lost its privileged position to the written author. The struggle for who determines truth has formed a specific dialect that requires either the author or the reader to be silent. Since the acceptance of literary theories like the “death of the author” and “author-function,” we continue to map these concepts on to similar relationships and discourses. Hip-hop culture defies this dialect, instead, based around the concept of the cipher, hip-hop insists on a constant inclusive discourse. Based in African-American traditions of call-and-response, hip-hop is always looking for voices to speak to each other and push the conversation further. In my thesis, I open up an exploration of the role of an author in hip-hop. Paying specific attention to the rapper, I flesh out the ways western ideas of reading conflate and disrupt the structures of a cipher in hip-hop. Imposing an “author-function” on rappers, displaces the call-and-response relationship that hip-hop thrives on. While hip-hop becomes more prevalent in popular culture, rappers have to learn to navigate within and outside of the immediate hip-hop community. As a case study, I examine the career trajectory of Jay Z. Sean Carter employs the site of enunciation that Jay Z creates to transcend and transform his experiences into a platform for creative expressions as well as lucrative business ventures. Finally, this thesis serves as an initial inquiry into future research plans to explore rappers as nepantler@s and listeners as “digital griots.” Both of these designations represents important rhetorical spaces that allow hip-hop culture to continue to work within a cipher and promote inclusivity. These future plans build towards creating a possible model for more productive collaboration, education, and activism.