Bakgrund: I Sverige har cirka 95000 människor någon form av autismspektrumtillstånd. Autismspektrumtillstånd är en kognitiv funktionsnedsättning där problem som kommunikation, sociala samspel och föreställningsförmåga kan uppstå. Djur i vården påverkar positivt på människans hälsa. Djurunderstödda interventioner är aktiviteter eller terapiformer som sjuksköterskan kan använda vid omvårdnad av barn med autismspektrumtillstånd. Syfte: Att beskriva hur sällskapsdjur påverkar samt upplevs påverka barn med autismspektrumtillstånd. Dessutom var syftet att beskriva hur barnets familj upplever påverkan av sällskapsdjur. Vidare var syftet att beskriva de inkluderade artiklarnas datainsamlingsmetod. Metod: Beskrivande litteraturstudie. Tio vetenskapliga artiklar varav två med kvalitativ ansats och åtta med kvantitativ ansats. Huvudresultat: Sammanställning av artiklarna resulterade i fyra teman: social funktion, inlärning och kommunikation, psykisk hälsa samt fysisk hälsa. Förbättringar kunde ses vid djurunderstödda interventioner som hästterapi eller kontakt med hund. Hundar upplevdes kunna fungera som en distraktion samt inge lugn till barnen, liksom upplevdes öka trygghet för familjen. Autistiska symtom minskade signifikant, liksom antalet vredesutbrott, ilska och ångest upplevdes minska. Uppmärksamhet, social funktion, motorik, samt social och fysisk motivation förbättrades. Ridterapi ökade även den sociala interaktionen mellan förälder och barn. Enkäter och beteendeskalor var de mest framträdande datainsamlingsmetoderna i artiklarna. Slutsats: Djurunderstödda interventioner har visat ge positiv påverkan hos barn med autismspektrumtillstånd, liksom hjälpt familjen till en mer hållbar vardag. Antalet vetenskapliga studier är begränsat, varav ytterligare forskning krävs för en god evidens inom området. / Background: In Sweden there are around 95,000 people who have some form of Autism Spectrum Disorder. The Autism Spectrum Disorder itself, is a cognitive disability where problems can occur in such areas as communication, social interactions and detached imaginations. Animal assisted therapy has shown positive effects in human health care. Animal assisted treatments, in the form of an activity or therapy is a way for nurses to treat children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Aim: First to describe both the perceived and measured affects of animal assisted therapy on children with Austism Spectrum Disorder. Secondly, to describe how the childrens' families perceive the affects of animal assisted therapy. The aim was also to describe the method used to gather data for the article. Methods: A literature study was conducted using ten scientific articles, of which two were qualitative and eight were quantitative. Results: A summary of the articles resulted in four themes; social functions, learning and communication, physical health and psychological health. Improvements could be seen when in contact with horses or dogs. The family perceived the dog as both a distraction and a calming effect on the child, as well as giving the family a sense of security. Autistic symptoms were significantly reduced, as well as a perceived reduction of anger, frequency of tantrums and anxiety. Awareness, social functioning, motor skills, and physical motivation were improved. The social connection between child and parents improved with equine assisted therapy. Questionnaires and behavior measures were the most prominent methods used to gather data. Conclusions: Animal assisted therapy has proven beneficial amongst children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, and also contributed to parents having a more sustainable living situation. The amount of scientific studies are limited within this field. More research is necessary in order to show convincing evidence.

This thesis concentrates on compiling a set of exercises which should serve beginner riders as training, muscle-developing and stretching exercises. The work may be divided into three basic parts. Compilation of exercises with respect to the theoretical knowledge of a rider's movements on a horse. Choice of a suitable group of contenders for the experiment and testing their physical abilities with a set of motoric tests. Check-out measuring of changes in movement abilities after fourteen weeks of checking the efficiency of the proposed set of exercises. The project also contains the horseback riding theory and the theory of developing and stretching particular muscle groups. In the final part of the thesis the gathered data are presented in charts and their values, after their statistic evaluation, transfered into graphs.

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Topic: Equestrian tourism in extracurricular education (Case study in elementary school of Dolní Hbity) Goal of the work: Explore technical and financial options for implementation of equestrian tourism in elementary school of Dolni Hbity in term of special interest. Get to know the interest of parents and students about the equestrian tourism and its related financial options. Method: In research we chose 61 parents, whose kids are attending elementary school of Dolni Hbity, district Pribram. Data related to integration of equestrian tourism in elementary school of Dolni Hbity in term of special interest we got our information from survey by closed and opened answers. Results: From parents and students side is shown interest about special event equestrian tourism in elementary school Dolni Hbity. There is a realistic option for creation equestrian tourism special event on chosen school. It is still not solved how to offer the equestrian tourism special event even to a social weaker families. Key words: free time, interest education, school age, nature, horseback riding, tourism, horse

Title: Influence of horse breed and type of terrain on activation of the abdominal muscles in hippotherapy. Purposes: The aim of the study is to find out if horse breed and type of terrain approaches muscle activation in the position of unassisted sitting Methods: The study is of intraindividual character and incudes theoretical and practical part. The activation of abdominal muscles was measured by using surface electromyography and kinematic analysis. Results: There was differance between muscle activation with a different type of terrain. Horse breed does not influence a muscle activation but the individual biomechanic of each horse. Key words: hippotherapy, hipporehabilitation, horse breed, activation of abdominal muscles, unassisted seat, therapeutic horseback riding, electromyography

Title: Influence of horse breed and type of terrain on activation of the abdominal muscles in hippotherapy. Purposes: The aim of the study is to find out if horse breed and type of terrain approaches muscle activation in the position of unassisted sitting Methods: The study is of intraindividual character and incudes theoretical and practical part. The activation of abdominal muscles was measured by using surface electromyography and kinematic analysis. Results: There was differance between muscle activation with a different type of terrain. Horse breed does not influence a muscle activation but the individual biomechanic of each horse. Key words: hippotherapy, hipporehabilitation, horse breed, activation of abdominal muscles, unassisted seat, therapeutic horseback riding, electromyography

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:40:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lilian Fernanda Araya Chateau.pdf: 103071981 bytes, checksum: cd109600ca638f8762181dd87282c3bb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-15 / The Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are a group of conditions of neurobiological causes early onset and chronic course that is characterized by impairments in three areas of development: interaction social, communication and behavior. Evidences has shown that this population losses beyond the diagnostic triad, impairment in motor development as deficits in postural control in motor coordination and sensory integration. Among the practices interventional aimed contemplate the sensorimotor behavior disorders is the riding therapy. This practice therapeutic uses as main feature the movement of the horse that is multidimensional, rhythmic, repetitive ordering of whom is mounted postural adjustments in order to maintain balance. Research in this area indicate that the use of the horse's movement may contribute significantly to the improvement of postural control, balance and coordination contributing to higher motor functionality. The present study examined the effects of the movements of a horse by means of a horseback riding simulator on postural control in individuals with ASD. The participants were eight boys with ASD, 7-15 years old, who underwent an intervention protocol of twelve sessions, twenty minutes each, with a horseback riding simulator. For the evaluation were used the force plate to measure the oscillations of the body during static balance and motor performance test that evaluates with the KTK aspects of motor skills such as balance, rhythm, laterality, speed and agility in four tasks. The results after interventions showed statistically significant improvements (p <0.01) for static and (p <0.04) for motor performance in tasks speed and rhythm. / Os Transtornos do Espectro do Autismo (TEA) constituem um grupo de condições de causas neurobiológicas de início precoce e curso crônico que se caracteriza por prejuízos em três áreas do desenvolvimento: interação social, comunicação e comportamento. Evidências tem demonstrado que esta população apresenta prejuízos para além da tríade diagnóstica, prejuízo no desenvolvimento motor como: déficits no controle postural, na coordenação motora e na integração sensorial. Uma prática interventiva que visam contemplar as desordens do comportamento sensório motor é a Equoterapia. Pesquisas nessa área apontam que a utilização do movimento do cavalo pode contribuir significativamente para a melhora do controle postural, equilíbrio e coordenação contribuindo para maior funcionalidade motora. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos de movimentos similares de um cavalo, por meio de um simulador, no controle postural de indivíduos com TEA. Participaram do estudo oito meninos com TEA, de 7 a 15 anos de idade, que foram submetidos a um protocolo de intervenção de doze sessões, de vinte minutos cada, com um simulador de equitação. Para avaliação utilizou-se a plataforma de força para quantificar as oscilações do corpo durante o equilíbrio estático e o teste de rendimento motor KTK que avalia aspectos da coordenação motora tais como equilíbrio, ritmo, lateralidade, velocidade e agilidade em quatro tarefas. Os resultados após as intervenções indicaram melhoras estatisticamente significativas (p<0,01) para o equilíbrio estático e (p<0,04) para o rendimento motor nas tarefas de velocidade e ritmo.

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