The aim of this thesis is to describe the situation of a demographic ageing in the Czech Republic from perspective a reproduction of the workforce and the human capital. Most conclusions regarding a demographic ageing are based on a number of people in each generation. On the other side conclusions based on a human capital data are often ignored and marginalized.The main aim of this thesis is not to discover the unknow, but to describe and analyze demographic ageing in the Czech Republic. This thesis want to show that the demographic ageing is a serious topic that cannot be overlooked.

Coral reefs are an important resource world-wide. Unfortunately, coral reef conditions are declining in many areas due to both global and local stressors. The objective of this study was to survey stakeholders in southeast Florida to better understand reef use in the region. Stakeholders spatially identified where and how often they conducted their activities. These data were compiled and analyzed in GIS to determine spatial use patterns. Both location and intensity of use were analyzed to determine which areas may be under greater stress from recreational activities. It was found that reef use was not evenly distributed in the region but clustered around inlets and piers. Reef use differed between user groups (i.e. SCUBA divers, fishers) and demographics. It was also found that use in the Broward-Miami Coral Reef Ecosystem Region was spread out over a wider spatial scale than the use in the regions north and south.. These data are important as they have the potential to inform the recommendations being made to improve coral reef management in southeast Florida. The study can provide a better understanding of human-environmental relationships and the trade-offs involved so that recommendations can better decrease user conflicts, maximize economic productivity, and preserve the environment.

Voter decision-making about which political party to support in the elections is a very complex process. One of the key factors influencing our voting behaviour is the effect of particular candidates in terms of their local activities. Many Czech and also foreign studies show that candidates gain significantly higher preferences in the municipality of their residence and its surroundings. Within the analyzed parliamentary elections, this is reflected not only by the territorial concentration of preferential votes, but also by higher local electoral support of the political parties or movements represented by these candidates. This diploma thesis examines, among other things, differences in the strength of the described effect (technically called the friends and neighbours effect) between candidates from different political parties and in different regions of Czechia. Quantitative research has shown greater local strength and spatial extent of friends and neighbours effect for leading candidates from non-metropolitan areas who have experiences from local or regional politics, such as mayors or regional councilors. In the 2017 parliamentary elections, the friends and neighbours effect mostly influenced the spatial patterns of electoral support of the KDU-ČSL and the STAN movement and on the other...

The occurrence of wildlife vehicle collisions (WVCs) is an increasing problem in Sweden with a calculated increase of 45 percent from 2015 to 2022. The highest measured number of WVCs occurred in 2021 with over 67,000 reported incidents, where only the payment for the search of wounded animals were approximately 60 million Swedish crowns. The Swedish transport agency works actively with the problem by constructing several types of wildlife passages to mitigate the increasing problem, inter alia, ecoducts and fauna bridges.   The aim of this study was to evaluate the mitigation effect of wildlife passages, in this case ecoducts and fauna bridges. In addition, were also the spatial extent of the mitigation effect together with the relationship between mitigation effect and the annual daily traffic (ADT) evaluated.   The evaluation of mitigation effect was conducted by the usage of several types of geographical information systems (GIS) tools in the software ArcGIS Pro. A selection of seven passages was made, based on several requirements and each passage was assigned a study area with an area of 100 square kilometers. The mitigation effect was initially determined by conducting an Emerging hot spot analysis, categorizing the result into showing trend of decrease or showing no trend of decrease. The spatial extent of the mitigating effect was evaluated through the Emerging hot spot results while the relation between ADT and WVCs was evaluated in an overlay analysis.   Two of the passages were concluded as to having a mitigating effect, three passages were concluded as to showing no mitigating effect and two passages were excluded from further evaluation due to high uncertainty in the results. At the passages with stated mitigating effect were the spatial extent of effect shown in the whole study area. The result showed no evident correlation between ADT and mitigating effects which led to further reflections on the degree of influence that ADT has on the occurrence of WVCs.

近年來由於溫室效應加劇以及氣候變遷加劇，因此符合綠色運輸特性的公共自行車系統，成為各國交通部門發展綠運輸政策時的目標之一，同時，大數據分析亦是目前受到高度關注的熱門議題。而本研究首先使用臺北市微笑單車租借大數據探討在不同時間點下民眾日常使用微笑單車之旅運行為，分析不同站點間的旅次特性。再運用社群網絡分析，以站點之間旅次連結多寡作為權重，探討站點間之緊密程度，以及不同時間點下微笑單車租借量之熱點分布情形，並將其視覺化呈現。 後續透過文獻分析，擷取影響公共自行車使用量之因素後，本研究嘗試運用一般線性迴歸模型與地理加權迴歸進行模型建立，並探討各影響因素對於旅運需求之影響情形。實證結果顯示，地理加權迴歸模型可以解決一般線性迴歸所產生空間自相關問題，使得模型解釋能力獲得改善。本研究並使用地理加權迴歸進行使用需求分析以及預測，對未來公共自行車營運以及站點擴張提出結論以及建議，期能提升公共自行車系統之使用量。 / Due to the climate change and aggravation of the greenhouse effect in recent years, the public bicycle system with the feature of low-carbon emission has raised more and more attention internationally, and has become one of the targets in developing green transportation policies of transportation departments of governments around the world. Meanwhile Big Data analysis issues, on the other hand, are currently a sought-after topic which has caused great concern as well. In this study, we utilize the rental data of the YouBike system in Taipei to discuss the public usage of YouBike tour at different periods. With the use of social network analysis, we discuss the relationships between different bicycle stops based on applying the number of travels between different sites as the weight. Eventually, the hotspot analysis will be carried out by operating the GIS system. In this way, we are able to discuss the hotspot distribution of YouBike rentals in different time and then visualize the result. After that this study pick up the variables which will effect the YouBike usage by reference review. This research try to built models by utilizing the Least Squares Method and Geographically Weighted Regression. Then we will have a discussion with the result of the two models. The result shows that Geographically Weighted Regression can resolve the spatial autocorrelation problem which happened in the Least Squares Method and to gain a better result. With the analysis and prediction of public bicycle system from Geographically Weighted Regression, we hope to raise the usage of public bicycle system by concluding as well as making recommendations for the future operation of public bicycle and the expansion of bicycle stops.