Human communication is examined from several standpoints and an 'Exchange' perspective is preferred because its of greater explanatory power in reconciling Communication and Organisational theory, when the latter is concetualised as Open Systems theory. This synthesis provides a rationale for analysing exchanges between the members of organsiations involved in both Prescribed networks, comprising information, goods and decision transactions; and Emergent networks which also include Friendship transactions. An inductive methodology is used to analyse networks of perceived and received communication links so that dyadic, clique and system measures of Connectedness can be calculated. Replicated communication surveys and labour turnover analyses are described for two hotels, after the various jobs undertaken were grouped under six Job Classifications, according to the individual roles in internal and external communication networks, so that network analysis could be completed at progressively more complex levels of generality and the relationships between Connectedness and Labour Turnover, and the analysis of the hotels under a 'Grid/Group' taxonomy, could be investigated. Five main hypotheses are tested which postulate that Connectedness is related posively to length of employment, higher job status, and negatively to labour turnover. Subject to the mediating influence of age, pay, and length of full-time education and company training, strong correlations occurred between the Connectedness of isolated, lower-status individuals and Labour Turnover. Members of the higher-status Job Classifications were more common in the longer-employed dominant cliques at the Coastal hotel, where the 'Grid/ Group' characteristics of 'Insulated Subordination' were reinforced by kinship ties and friendship links established away from work or in previous employment. The characteristics of 'Collaborative and Competitive Alliances' predominated at the London hotel, where most higher-status members were excluded from dominant cliques which typically consisted of supervisors and long-serving members of the three main ethnic minority groups.

The Twentieth Century’s hotel industry saw a shift from independently managed grand hotels to the increasing influence of multinational hotel companies whilst processes of globalisation contributed to the international movement of people, ideas and practices. The London Hilton was the first subsidiary of this American branded chain to open in Britain undergoing, at the time, cultural and social changes associated with the ‘Swinging Sixties’. The history of grand hotels has been thoroughly documented however there is lack of business history research into the expansion process of modern multinational hotel companies. The aim of this study is to explore the process of internationalisation of Hilton Hotels through the transference of knowledge between the parent company and the London subsidiary. International business theory is investigated in pursuit of establishing relationships between the concepts of transference of knowledge, multiple-embeddedness and negotiation of legitimacy, collectively forming a conceptual framework driving this research. A single embedded case study is adopted to comprehend the nuanced relationships and pressures resulting from the multiple-embeddedness of the case. An extensive range of archival material is collected to construct an in-depth case study of the London Hilton embedded in the contexts of its parent company as well as home and host countries. The case is synthesised with the theory using interpretive research methods and employing a three-stage coding process. The London Hilton appears to be representative of a case of effective knowledge transference which avoided the pressure for homogenisation from the host environment. It is an example of an organisation whose foreignness served as a differentiating, rather than restraining factor. These findings contradict the traditional institutional assertion of the necessity for adaptation to local settings and confirm the notion that legitimacy can be negotiated. The appearance of the Hilton hotel on the 1960’s London hotel market can be perceived as an emblem of the wider historical changes in the globalising world. The main contribution of this research is adding a new dimension to the paradigms of institutionalism and the resource-based view by illuminating the complex associations between these concepts underpinning international business theories. The study also extends the existing theory of foreignness and contributes to the body of business history research in the field of hotel management. It recommends the application of oral history and network analysis for further exploration of these concepts.

The dissertation considers architecture of the built environment and its effects on the existing social fabric within the larger urban context. This thesis argues that South African Universities stand at a critical and defining moment in time, that through careful assessment and implementation of tertiary education structure design and planning, we may challenge the previously accepted spatial, socio economic and political extents of life since it is the change that occurs within the built environment which most profoundly affects our daily lives. The platform used to explore this premise is a Hotel School, situated on the eastern boundary of the University of Pretoria’s Hatfield Campus. The fundamental relationship between the chosen site and the immediate surrounding will be defined, resulting in a formal translation in terms of an architectural intervention. As a means to recognise this challenge the intention will be to expand upon the architectural identity of the Campus and contribute toward the production of a South African sensibility through the language and interaction offered by architecture to the public. The issues underpinning the argument deal with the lack of interaction between the University and its neighbours. The objective of this discourse will be the ratification of the ideal that positively performing urban environments reflect the high degree of integration between various parts and elements of the city. “The essence of urbanity is that, with increasing agglomeration, individuals, groups and communities can benefit from a greater range of opportunities and facilities than can be generated by their operating in isolation.” (Dewar 1991:20) The final design proposes an interaction between the University as private entity and the public realm through the use of an experiential hospitality training facility. The design creates a place of relief which is reliant upon the event of programme acting as generator, effectively bridging the divide and ultimately unifying a portion of the Campus with its surroundings. / Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Architecture / unrestricted

0 / SPK / specialcollections@tulane.edu

Thesis (Ed.D.)--Boston University / The purpose of this study was to develop a competency model that incorporates the necessary knowledge, skills and attributes for an outstanding hotel manager based on actual experiences of successful hotel managers. The general managers and director of human resources from each hotel selected three outstanding and three average-performing managers from their respective properties (a total of 18 managers). Over a two-month period, using the behavior event interview process, both superior and average managers were interviewed and asked to describe, in great detail, situations when he or she was particularly effective and situations when he or she was ineffective. The interviews were transcribed and coded using a combination of a validated competency dictionary and thematic analysis. Competencies observed in outstanding managers but not in average performing managers were identified and a competency model was created. An expert panel of senior industry executives validated the findings. In brief, the model includes the following competencies: achievement orientation, information seeking, customer service orientation, organizational awareness, professional expertise, honesty, interpersonal understanding, teamwork, team leadership, analytical thinking, initiative, self-control, self-confidence, self-learning, face- to-face communication, relationship building, optimism and passion.

Vinery - Strachotin it`s a project of two buildings of wineries on the south of Morava. The winery is a building where the wine is produced and there`s a possibility to make a showing of this production, tasting and selling the bottles of wine. In the second building there`s situated a five storeyed hotel with a wellness center on the ultimate storey and a restaurant on the first storey

Main design goals - use of topography of the site - inspiration from the traditional earth shealtered winery architecture - ecology priciples - primary target on main qualitie of the site - south facing, views.. - connection with existing infrastructure - contact with the water - form that doesnt contrast with the landscape

The main aim of this diploma´s thesis is an elaboration of the project documentation for the construction of object of mountain hotel, which is situated in the community Tatranská Lomnica which a part of the city High Tatras. The land is quiet gentle orientated on the northeast part. There is a beutiful view on the majestic peaks of High Tatras expecially Lomnický peak and on Liptovská basin from the south parth. The newly-built hotel is located in the turists and recreational location with pensions, and mountain hotels and also by it´s own architectural solution fits into the closest development area. This newly-built object is projected as a wooden construction made of massive wooden CLT panels. The building has four aboveground floors and one underground floor where are situated also parking places. There is a spacious parking lot in front of the object with the main entrance from the western part of the land. The facade and roof construction is projected as iventilated. The roof construction is projected as a pitched roof. The project documentation is procesed in the connection with the czech actual laws, notice and norms. The main work is deviced in to the text part and drawing part.

Summary in Chinese. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong. / Bibliography: leaves 83-84.

It is fair to assume that the level of participation in a world economy depends on the capacity of business organisations to use technology efficiently. Conducting business in the world today is driven by information technology. Internet technology has changed various business activities and transactions. In the Internet age, the development of electronic commerce (EC) is considered a major indicator of the overall competitiveness of organisations. An EC marketing channel can bring customers more benefits such as greater shopping convenience and potentially lower prices. Today, most hotels have been forced by the market to consider adopting EC to carry out business processes more efficiently. Hence, the purpose of the study is to determine the determinants of EC adoption by hotels in South Africa. This study is based on Tornatzky and Fleicher’s (1990) technological, organizational and environmental (TOE) model that includes technological context, organisational context and environmental context. The TOE model has been widely used to examine the factors that influence organisational technology adoption. The research model looked at eight determinants, which are (1) relative advantage, (2) compatibility, (3) complexity, (4) organisational size, (5) technology knowledge, (6) managers’ attitudes towards EC, (7) information intensity and (8) competition. A quantitative research design was used and a questionnaire was used to collect data and answer the research questions in the study. Four hundred hotels were randomly selected from the three groups of hotels suggested by the South African Tourism office, i.e. (1) Tourism Grading council hotel listing, (2) Tshwane accommodation listing and (3) AA travel accommodation. A total of 332 questionnaires were collected for data analysis, which represents a 94.9% response rate. Descriptive statistics, correlational statistics, one way analysis of variance, (ANOVA), regression analysis, cross tabulation tests and multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) were used to analyse the data. The results indicated that all three contexts (TOE) were important in the decision of EC adoption by the hotels in South Africa. The findings indicated that not all the determinants used had a statistically significant relationship with the extent of EC adoption in the hotel industry. The researcher also found out that hotels were more concerned about the benefits of EC than the organisational ability to adopt EC, the hotels that had sufficient resources were more willing to adopt EC. The findings also indicated that managers’ attitude towards EC adoption is influential on the extent of EC adoption. Finally, findings indicated that there is a lot of pressure from suppliers and customers for the hotels to use EC. Even though the mangers that filled in the questionnaire were computer literate, technology knowledge of EC would help managers to realise which systems are most appropriate.