Hub and Spoke systems, is a important research area in localization theory. This occur, because of these systems are very used in logistics problems, e.g., telecommunication networks and transport of passenger and load.To serve the demand of each pair source destination, basically, the Hub and Spoke system replaces direct connections between the pairs for a hubs network. These hubs group the traffic sharing the transportation medium. To get the best hubs configuration is necessary efficient methods, because this problem, hubs allocation, is a NP-problem. In this work was developed an parallel implementation of the Benders Decomposition method for the uncapacitated multiple allocation hub location problem. In our implementation we use the Skorin- Kapov model. The parallel implementation of Benders Decomposition for hub and spoke problem is not known in literature. The results show that the parallel approach is applicable and more efficient that nonparallel one. The experiments reveals that the parallel algorithm had a time execution 70% minor when compared with the nonparallel one. / Sistemas do tipo eixo raio, tornaram-se uma importante área de pesquisa da teoria de localização nas últimas décadas. Esse destaque deve-se em grande parte ao sucesso de sua utilização em sistemas logísticos, tanto de transporte de passageiros quanto de cargas, e em redes de telecomunicações. Ao invés de servir cada par origem destino de demanda com uma conexão direta, sistemas do tipo eixo raio substituem essas conexões diretas por uma rede de concentradores. Esses concentradores permitem que o tráfego seja agrupado e transportado através de um meio de transporte compartilhado, para ser então entregue aos respectivos destinos. Sendo um problema NP, é necessário o uso de métodos eficientes para sua resolução. Neste trabalho, é desenvolvida uma implementação em paralelo do método de Decomposição de Benders para o problema de localização de concentradores de alocação múltipla não capacitados. A implementação em paralelo do método de Decomposição de Benders para o problema eixo raio não é conhecido na literatura, entretanto os bons resultados obtidos pelo algoritmo paralelo desenvolvido revelam que a abordagem paralela é aplicável e mais eficiente. Nos experimentos realizados, o algoritmo paralelo apresentou um tempo de resposta até 70% menor que o tempo de resposta do algoritmo seqüencial.

The thesis is focused on monitoring of natural occurrence of mycoparasitic fungi in arable soils. Study was aimed to isolate those fungi from selected plots with conventional and organic farming systems of the region of South Bohemia. Four isolated method were used for isolation of mycoparasitic fungi from soil.Among all, species of genus of Trichoderma, Trichoderma virens, Clonostachys rosea f. catenulata and Lecanicillium muscarium were the most frequently present and isolated species.The radial growth of strains and their production characteristic was evaluated. The efficacy of Trichoderma strains against phytopathogenic fungi (S. sclerotiorum, Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea a Fusarium solani) was evaluated.

A presente dissertação busca analisar as motivações que levam o Estado brasileiro a atuar na arena internacional, visando assegurar a competitividade das empresas brasileiras no mercado externo, especificamente a participar politicamente e investir recursos na Iniciativa para a Integração da Infraestrutura Regional Sul- Americana, com opção pelo recorte na integração da infraestrutura de transportes e logística da faixa geográfica que pretende conectar o Porto de Santos, no Oceano Atlântico aos portos marítimos de Peru e Chile, no Oceano Pacífico, designada Eixo Interoceânico Central. Para compreender tais motivações, o trabalho está dividido em quatro partes que se complementam no decurso e se interconectam na tessitura das considerações finais. Primeiramente é abordada a ascensão das questões econômicas nas prioridades de política externa dos países, ressignificando o contexto de atuação dos Estados no sistema internacional, que passam a ser movidos pela interdependência complexa, levando em consideração os interesses de grupos econômicos domésticos, para formatar suas preferências na formulação da política exterior. Estabelecida a base de sustentação dos argumentos, o estudo passa a enfocar o Brasil e a opção por instrumentalizar suas relações exteriores para concretizar o projeto de desenvolvimento econômico nacional. Nesta perspectiva, são abordadas as articulações de política externa brasileira, desde a década de 1930 - quando inicia um esforço integrado para industrialização e modernização econômica - até a proposta recente de inserção do país na economia mundial, empenhada em expandir as relações econômico-comerciais por meio de ações que contribuam para o aumento da capacidade competitiva das empresas frente à concorrência internacional. Entre tais ações são destacadas as relações de cooperação do Brasil com Bolívia, Chile, Paraguai e Peru, no sentido de promover o ordenamento de seus territórios sob a lógica da conformação da infraestrutura física, capaz de proporcionar fluidez para o escoamento da produção - momento em que se analisa em que medida as pretensões de expansão econômica brasileira estão voltadas aos parceiros comerciais da América do Sul, ou direcionadas a pontos mais distantes do horizonte, em direção à região da Ásia-Pacífico. / This dissertation seeks analyzing the motivations that lead Brazilian State to perform in the international arena, aiming at assure the Brazilian enterprises competitiveness in external market, specifically for politically take part and to invest resources in Initiative for the Integration of Regional Infrastructure in South America, choosing the prune of logistics and transportation infrastructure integration of the geographic extension that intents to connect Port of Santos, in Atlantic Ocean, to Peruvian e Chilean maritime, in Pacific Ocean, named Central Interoceanic Hub. To comprehend these motivations, this study is divided in four parts, that they complement each other along, and interconnect themselves at organization of final considerations. Firstly, it is approached the ascension of economical issues in the countries foreign politics priorities changing the States acting context in the international system, that became moved for complex interdependence, considering the domestic economical groups interests of shaping preferences on foreign politics formulation. Settled the arguments sustentation basis, the study highlights Brazil and the option for external relations way as achieve national economical development project. In this regard, the articulations to Brazilian foreign politics are approached, since 1930's - when it was began an integrated effort for economical modernization and industrialization - to recent purpose to insert nation on worldwide economy, engaged to expand the commercial-economical relations through actions in spite of contribute to increase the enterprises competitive capacity in front of international competition. As such actions, the emphasis is given to the cooperation relations of Brazil with Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay and Peru in regards to promote the ordering of their territories under the logic of physical infrastructure shaping able to allow fluidity to production flowing off - at this point, it is analyzed which extent the will of Brazilian economical expansion are toward to commercial partners of South America, or directed to farthest at the horizon, aim for Asia-Pacific region.

Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree MAGISTER TECHNOLOGIAE: Mechanical Engineering in the FACULTY OF ENGINEERING at the CAPE PENINSULA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, 2012 / The amount of power a horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) can produce is determined by two main factors, wind velocity and rotor swept area. Theory dictates that the power production of a horizontal wind turbine is related to the cube of wind velocity and the square of the turbine diameter (or radius). The power produced at any given time is thus dependent on of the wind velocity and the rotor swept area of the turbine. Wind is variable in availability and consistency. Very little can be done to effect the wind velocity passing through the turbine rotor area and its effect is minimal. Thus understandably if more power is required, from the same wind velocity, the rotor diameter must be increased. A variable length blade can adapt lengthwise to accommodate low wind velocities and similarly high wind velocities during extreme conditions, thus increasing the operational time and power production of the turbine. The work undertaken in this thesis is a comparative study between standard design, fixed length blades to that of a modified design, variable length blade. The project entailed the design and development of small diameter HAWT blades and experimental testing. The turbine blades were designed using applicable theory and manufactured from available materials. For the experiments, the turbine was mounted on a vehicle and driven at various speeds. Due to size limitations, no dynamic adaption was done during testing. The variable length design blade was obtained by cutting increments off. The results obtained from each test were compared at corresponding points and conditions. Final interpretation of results lead to the conclusion that by increasing or decreasing the turbine blade length the area of turbine energy capture can be adjusted to affect the amount of power produced. Additional benefits included, force reduction during extreme operating conditions, extended production period for the turbine and a mechanical start up method during low wind speeds. The financial feasibility did not form part of the scope of this thesis and the technical feasibility of the concept can be thoroughly addressed in future research.

The aim of this thesis was to detect whether achlophyllous orchid Corallorhiza trifida associates different fungal taxa in different habitats. Our analyses were conducted using molecular and fylogenetic methods based on DNA sequencing.

A política é umbilicalmente ligada à atividade humana e está associada às questões de educação. As carências desse conjunto de diretrizes nas áreas de transportes somadas às lacunas da literatura e fragilidades desses sistemas prejudicam também os sistemas energéticos e ambientais. No Brasil as combinações desses problemas causam significativas perdas no processo de geração de bens e da qualidade de vida humana. Focando o papel do terminal portuário, representado pelo principal sistema brasileiro, as fragilidades citadas são demonstradas neste trabalho que, com o objetivo de indicar referências para implantações, melhorias, expansões, modernizações e construções de terminais de cargas, aplica uma metodologia de pesquisa para apontar a configuração dos modelos dos portos concentradores de referências internacionais com ênfase em contêineres. Os portos paradigmas são selecionados, coletam-se evidências e gera-se um sistema de informações de indicadores. Ao final, conclui-se pelo êxito do processo empregado e propõe-se dar seguimento ao projeto para gerar sinais e medidas que aperfeiçoem os sistemas portuários. / The policy is umbilically linked to human activity and it is connected to issues of education. The absence of policies in the area of transportation, added to the limitation in literature on the subject and the fragility of the transport systems also affect the environmental and energetic systems. In Brazil the combination of these problems causes significant losses in the generation of goods and the quality of human life. Focusing on the role of the port terminal, represented by the main Brazilian system, the mentioned weaknesses are demonstrated in this project that - in order to indicate references to improvements, expansions, modernization and construction of cargo terminals - applies a methodology of research aiming at the configuration for the best worldwide models of a hub port, with emphasis on container traffic. The paradigm ports are selected, evidence is collected and information system of indicators is generated. At the end, the success of the process employed is confirmed and it is proposed to proceed with the project to generate signals and measures to improve port systems.

A presente dissertação busca analisar as motivações que levam o Estado brasileiro a atuar na arena internacional, visando assegurar a competitividade das empresas brasileiras no mercado externo, especificamente a participar politicamente e investir recursos na Iniciativa para a Integração da Infraestrutura Regional Sul- Americana, com opção pelo recorte na integração da infraestrutura de transportes e logística da faixa geográfica que pretende conectar o Porto de Santos, no Oceano Atlântico aos portos marítimos de Peru e Chile, no Oceano Pacífico, designada Eixo Interoceânico Central. Para compreender tais motivações, o trabalho está dividido em quatro partes que se complementam no decurso e se interconectam na tessitura das considerações finais. Primeiramente é abordada a ascensão das questões econômicas nas prioridades de política externa dos países, ressignificando o contexto de atuação dos Estados no sistema internacional, que passam a ser movidos pela interdependência complexa, levando em consideração os interesses de grupos econômicos domésticos, para formatar suas preferências na formulação da política exterior. Estabelecida a base de sustentação dos argumentos, o estudo passa a enfocar o Brasil e a opção por instrumentalizar suas relações exteriores para concretizar o projeto de desenvolvimento econômico nacional. Nesta perspectiva, são abordadas as articulações de política externa brasileira, desde a década de 1930 - quando inicia um esforço integrado para industrialização e modernização econômica - até a proposta recente de inserção do país na economia mundial, empenhada em expandir as relações econômico-comerciais por meio de ações que contribuam para o aumento da capacidade competitiva das empresas frente à concorrência internacional. Entre tais ações são destacadas as relações de cooperação do Brasil com Bolívia, Chile, Paraguai e Peru, no sentido de promover o ordenamento de seus territórios sob a lógica da conformação da infraestrutura física, capaz de proporcionar fluidez para o escoamento da produção - momento em que se analisa em que medida as pretensões de expansão econômica brasileira estão voltadas aos parceiros comerciais da América do Sul, ou direcionadas a pontos mais distantes do horizonte, em direção à região da Ásia-Pacífico. / This dissertation seeks analyzing the motivations that lead Brazilian State to perform in the international arena, aiming at assure the Brazilian enterprises competitiveness in external market, specifically for politically take part and to invest resources in Initiative for the Integration of Regional Infrastructure in South America, choosing the prune of logistics and transportation infrastructure integration of the geographic extension that intents to connect Port of Santos, in Atlantic Ocean, to Peruvian e Chilean maritime, in Pacific Ocean, named Central Interoceanic Hub. To comprehend these motivations, this study is divided in four parts, that they complement each other along, and interconnect themselves at organization of final considerations. Firstly, it is approached the ascension of economical issues in the countries foreign politics priorities changing the States acting context in the international system, that became moved for complex interdependence, considering the domestic economical groups interests of shaping preferences on foreign politics formulation. Settled the arguments sustentation basis, the study highlights Brazil and the option for external relations way as achieve national economical development project. In this regard, the articulations to Brazilian foreign politics are approached, since 1930's - when it was began an integrated effort for economical modernization and industrialization - to recent purpose to insert nation on worldwide economy, engaged to expand the commercial-economical relations through actions in spite of contribute to increase the enterprises competitive capacity in front of international competition. As such actions, the emphasis is given to the cooperation relations of Brazil with Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay and Peru in regards to promote the ordering of their territories under the logic of physical infrastructure shaping able to allow fluidity to production flowing off - at this point, it is analyzed which extent the will of Brazilian economical expansion are toward to commercial partners of South America, or directed to farthest at the horizon, aim for Asia-Pacific region.

The world is changing. With more complex products and services available, shortened life cycles, and shifts in customers behavior due to the increased availability of information, companies needs to explore new capabilities and organizational practices to effectively preserve a competitive advantage through new innovations. A competitive advantage is said to be difficult to create and sustain in today’s markets. Many startups and corporates, are therefore, changing their innovation processes from a traditional linear process to more of an open process. Many scholars have studied this phenomenon from a corporate perspective, leaving a gap in existing literature on how startups are contributing with their innovative and entrepreneurial mindset to the context of open innovation. It is visible that startups are possessing an extensive amount of exploration capabilities, while lacking capabilities related to exploitation. Finding a balance between exploration and exploitation capabilities is an issue for startups due to its limitations of resources. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to distinguish how an innovation hub enables startups with balancing exploration and exploitation capabilities. For this study, the innovation hub of our choosing is Ignite. Based on the literature review and the identified research gaps, the following research question has been formulated to investigate the phenomenon of balancing organizational capabilities from a startup perspective: RQ: How can an innovation hub help startups find a balance between exploration and exploitation capabilities? To properly answer the research question, the chosen research approach was selected as a qualitative research method. The empirical findings were gathered from 11 semi-structured interviews, where nine interviews have been with managers from startups active in Ignite and two interviews with team members from Ignite. In addition to the empirical findings, we developed a proposed framework that explains the whole process of startups being active in Ignite from pre-intervention, addressing challenges related to startups and the reasons why they should engage in being active in an innovation hub, to post-intervention, addressing the possible outcomes received by being active in Ignite. To conclude, this thesis contributes with an understanding on how startups may use a third party, such as Ignite, to get help with the balancing act of exploration and exploitation capabilities. The findings show that the third party is helping the startups with balancing their organizational capabilities in an indirect way. This is done through Ignite’s accurate matchmaking process and their deep understanding about which capabilities the big corporations are looking for, which Ignite gathers from a needs analysis together with the big corporation. From this thesis, startups as well as big corporations, will understand the importance of involving a third party for the purpose of creating and sustaining a competitive advantage by balancing their exploration and exploitation capabilities.

The thesis proposes a modification of an area on the southern edge of a Brno housing estate Lesna, defined by train tracks from the south side, třída Generála Píky-Okružní crossing from the west, Heleny Malířové street from north and Okružní-Merhautova-Seifertova crossroad from the east. A thorough survey of the southern part of the Lesná settlement is carried out in the first part and the most pressing problems of the region are determined. The following part is then an urban planning study, aimed at dealing with discovered problems. The proposed design deals mainly with unification of two halves of the central area to allow for direct access of the train station, enlargement of a main road in the Okružní street to incorporate a new tram line and placement of a new office building for Brno-Sever municipality in the bottom half of the territory to increase its attractiveness.

This diploma thesis deals with the design of modular production interchangeable machine for fuel hub assembly based on customer requirements and standards for safety and ergonomics. The thesis also includes a conceptual design of a universal machine for setting up different versions of modular production interchangeable machines and a drawing documentation of selected assemblies and manufactured parts.