Education is a significant element for inclusive growth and sustainable development. In scholarship, understanding education has been fragmented due to conflicts between disciplines and methodologies. This thesis, consisting of three empirical essays, explores the impact of education for women’s employment and empowerment. As a context, this thesis has chosen South Korea as a newly industrialized but a non-Western originating economy during the mid-late twentieth century. All three essays adopt different theoretical frameworks and methodologies. The first essay adopts Capability Approach in order to understand the gendered translation of education into the labour market outcomes. In this essay, confidence is a societal conversion factor that individuals transform their resources into capabilities of labour market participation. Empirically, this essay shows that female public administration students in South Korea are less confident about entering labour market than their male counterparts, resulting in fewer capabilities of labour market participation. The second essay, comparing Korea with Singapore, which is another newly industrialized economy from the same period creates a historical and institutional basis to answer Korea’s much wider gender pay gap than the one of Singapore. This essay tests the hypothesis, previously built in the context of advanced economies, which states the negative association between gender pay gap and centrality of wage negotiation system in this comparative setting. The analysis of government documents and various sources demonstrates that Singapore with a narrow gender pay gap has a very centralized wage negotiation institution whereas Korea with a big gender pay gap has a fragmented negotiation. The third essay on Saemaul Women’s Club, a government-initiated nongovernmental organization, analyses the archival materials of memoirs of female Saemaul leaders in the rural areas for a bottom-up approach to women’s empowerment. Unlike the conventional scholarship dominated by the Western perspectives or a few international organizations, this case study shows the important role of the state in initiating a space for women to empower themselves on themselves. Ultimately, this emphasizes the contextual dependency of empowerment. The purpose of these three essays is to raise context as a way to understand the impact of education, stressing the diversity and dependency of contexts.

A presente dissertação propõe-se a colaborar com o conhecimento da Educação Corporativa e as contribuições que a mesma pode trazer para o desenvolvimento das pessoas dentro das organizações e o alcance dos objetivos organizacionais. Através da construção da referência teórico-prática acerca da Educação Corporativa e suas dimensões – administrativa, cultural, política, sociopsicológica, econômica e científico-tecnológica –, foi possível realizar, em termos ainda exploratórios, um diagnostico organizacional sobre a Educação Corporativa em duas empresas de grande porte do estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS). O diagnóstico baseou-se no relato das percepções de pessoas dos níveis estratégico e operacionais das empresas pesquisadas. A partir destes relatos, portanto, foi possível diagnosticar e analisar as políticas e práticas associadas ao processo de Educação Corporativa, segundo as dimensões mencionadas. Observou-se, a partir dos dados, que a Educação Corporativa proporciona significativas contribuições para a empresa e para seus funcionários. As práticas de Educação Corporativa estão relacionadas ao processo de inovação e o aumento de competitividade de seus produtos. Constatou-se que os empregados, independente do nível hierárquico, precisam constantemente reciclar seus conhecimentos e se valerem de aprendizados contínuos. Um alto grau de envolvimento dos gestores nesse processo é fundamental para que se possa identificar o potencial dos funcionários e incentivá-los a buscar atualização constante nas tarefas que desempenham. Quando a Educação Corporativa recebe os investimentos necessários e é bem desenvolvida, há maior eficiência na tomada de decisões e mais rapidez na resolução de tarefas, contribuindo ainda para a melhoria na comunicação interna. Nas conclusões desta pesquisa, constatou-se que empresas estão em fase de construção de políticas e práticas da Educação Corporativa, tornando o processo fragmentado, por possuírem visão simplificadas do que na realidade seja a Educação Corporativa. Este estudo acentuou a dimensão e a complexidade do processo de desenvolvimento de pessoas nas empresas, comprovando a capacidade de abranger múltiplas dimensões e sua transdisciplinaridade. / The present dissertation aims to contribute to the knowledge of Corporate Education and the contributions it brings to human development within organizations. Through the use of a theoretical and practical reference about Corporate Education and its dimensions – administrative, cultural, political, socio-psychological, economic, scientific, and technological – it was possible to contribute to the evaluation of this process within companies. The research was performed in a descriptive way within two companies based in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, where managers and personnel shared their own perceptions on the development of the topic in their companies. Utilizing their ideas and speeches it was possible to diagnose and analyze the practices and politics performed regarding human development, under Corporate Education perspective and its dimensions. It was seen from the data collected that Corporate Education provides significant contributions to companies and their personnel. The practices of corporate education are linked to innovation processes and to a growth in product competitiveness. It was verified that employees, independent of their hierarchical level, need to recycle their knowledge frequently and keep their intellectual growth constant. A high level of manager involvement in this process is vital to identify personnel potential and encourage them to seek updates on their constant tasks. When Corporate Education receives the necessary investment and it is well developed, there is a higher effective decision making process and a faster task resolution, contributing to an even better internal communication performance. The conclusion of this research presents that companies are building practices and politics regarding Corporate Education, making the process fragmented, for having simpler visions than what Corporate Education is in reality. This study emphasized the dimension and complexity of the process of human development within companies, proving the capability of widening multiple dimensions and its transdisciplinarity.

Submitted by Renato Henrique Verzani null (107010947@rc.unesp.br) on 2017-02-17T18:04:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Versão Final - Renato Henrique Verzani.pdf: 1653783 bytes, checksum: 5989fcb7aa5e8ddaec30217af83e192d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-02-22T17:21:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 verzani_rh_me_rcla.pdf: 1653783 bytes, checksum: 5989fcb7aa5e8ddaec30217af83e192d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-22T17:21:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 verzani_rh_me_rcla.pdf: 1653783 bytes, checksum: 5989fcb7aa5e8ddaec30217af83e192d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / As mudanças na sociedade que nos direcionaram para esta imersão na cibercultura, na qual estamos cada vez mais ligados as novas tecnologias e as redes sociais, também aumentaram a necessidade de conhecermos os impactos sobre a vida dos envolvidos. Os atletas de alto rendimento, como os jogadores de futebol, estão constantemente expostos nas redes sociais e isto pode se tornar uma armadilha, que possivelmente conduz a efeitos negativos no rendimento. Devido a este fator, é fundamental que as discussões sobre as novas mídias sociais online e suas influências nas emoções, estresse e enfrentamento de problemas sejam devidamente direcionadas, para que assim possamos compreender o fenômeno e auxiliar os atletas no manejo adequado das situações, favorecendo não só um bom rendimento, como uma melhor qualidade de vida e uma exposição menos nociva em um ambiente que possibilita a propagação descontrolada de qualquer postagem, mesmo que indesejada. Desta maneira, o objetivo foi analisar se as novas mídias sociais podem estar se tornando fatores causadores de estresse para os atletas profissionais de futebol que atuam na região de Rio Claro e as estratégias que utilizam frente a isto, procurando saber se estes consideram que são eficientes no enfrentamento. Para isso foram utilizados três questionários que atendiam ao objetivo, dentro de um método quantitativo, tendo como participantes 35 atletas profissionais de futebol, divididos nas categorias elite competitiva e elite de sucesso. Como resultados, a amostra total demonstrou alto envolvimento com as redes sociais, sendo que quase metade já tiveram problemas decorrentes disso. Entre os grupos, a elite competitiva apresentou valores mais elevados no estresse, além de mais importância e desafio (avaliação cognitiva primária) do que a elite de sucesso, que por sua vez contou com valores numéricos mais elevados de potencial de confronto (avaliação cognitiva secundária). Já nas emoções, a elite competitiva obteve médias mais elevadas na intensidade e a elite de sucesso na direção, o que demonstra que a elite competitiva, além de ter valores mais altos das emoções (especialmente ansiedade), também apresenta viés menos facilitador do que a elite de sucesso, que aponta intensidades menores e direções mais facilitadoras. Posteriormente, no enfrentamento, a estratégia mais destacada foi a religião, sendo que os valores mais significativos foram no grupo elite de sucesso. Apesar das demais estratégias que foram bastante utilizadas serem centradas no problema, o que é considerado mais adequado pela literatura, esta estratégia principal da amostra é vista como ineficiente em longo prazo e estaria relacionada com as médias não elevadas tanto dos grupos quanto da amostra total sobre a eficácia futura em lidar com este tipo de demanda. Portanto, é uma realidade que existe um alto envolvimento com as redes sociais pelos atletas, bem como que podem causar estresse e que, com estratégias não adequadas para o enfrentamento, podem conduzir a baixas expectativas de eficácia futura quanto a possíveis problemas, algo que necessita da devida atenção. / The changes in society that directed us to this immersion in the cyberculture, in which we are increasingly linked to new technologies and social networks also increases the need to know the impact on the lives of those involved. The highperformance athletes, such as soccer players, are constantly exposed on social networks and this can become a trap, which could lead to negative effects on performance. Because of this factor, it is important that discussions about the new social media and their influence on emotions, stress and coping are properly addressed, and then we can understand the phenomenon and assist athletes in the proper management of situations, leading not only a good performance as a better quality of life and less harmful exposure in an environment that allows the uncontrolled spread of any post, even if unintended. Thus, the objective is to analyze if the new social media may become stressing factors for professional soccer players who act in Rio Claro and strategies using front of it, looking for whether they consider that are efficient in coping. For this, we used three questionnaires that met the objective of the study with a quantitative method, having as participants 35 professional soccer players, divided in competitive elite category and succesful elite. As a result, the total sample showed high involvement with social networks, and half of whom had problems with this. Among the groups, the competitive elite presented higher values in stress, in addition to being more important and challenging than the elite of success, which had higher numeric values of confrontation potential. In the emotions, the competitive elite obtained higher means in intensity and the elite of success in the direction, which shows that the competitive elite, besides having higher values of the emotions (especially anxiety), also presents less facilitators than the success elite, which achieved smaller intensities and more facilitative directions. Subsequently, in the coping, the most outstanding strategy was religion, and the most significant values were in the group success elite. Although the other strategies that were used are focused on the problem, which is considered more adequate by the literature, this main strategy of the sample is seen as inefficient in the long term and may be related to the nonhigh means in both groups and in the total sample on the future effectiveness in dealing with this type of demand. Therefore, it’s a reality that there is a high involvement with social networks by the athletes, as well as that they can cause stress and that, with strategies that are not adequate for the coping, can lead to low expectations of future effectiveness regarding possible problems, something that needs attention. / CAPES: 182399-2

This study examined the relationship of three types of martial commitment and religiosity factors in a random sample of I ,316 Utah adults. Participants were surveyed to assess attitudes of marriage, divorce, and marriage education. A lack of commitment was cited by 83% of divorced adults as a major factor for their divorce. The level of commitment to spouse, commitment to marriage, and constraint commitment was determined by extrapolating items from the 2003 Utah Marriage Movement Statewide Baseline Survey. Religiosity included measures of the frequency of church attendance, church affiliation, and religious values. Regression analyses that included socio-demographics showed the strongest and most consistent predictor of commitment to spouse and commitment to marriage was religious values. This study confirms the distinct difference but strong interplay between the three types of marital commitment. There was a negative relationship between both commitment to spouse and commitment to marriage and constraint commitment. Premarital cohabitation was positively related to constraint commitment but negatively related to commitment to spouse and commitment to marriage. Frequency of church attendance, conservative church affiliation (particularly The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints religion), and religious values were all significant factors related statistically to marital commitment. Study findings suggest that educators and marriage therapists engaged in helping couples can productively focus on marital commitment, the influence of religious activity, and belief systems in strengthening marriage relationships.

The purpose of this study was to examine how welfare status, gender, and the interaction between welfare status and gender relate to the utilization of counseling services related to marriage (i.e., "marital help-seeking"). This study was a secondary analysis of the Utah Marriage Survey data set from 2003. Two samples were utilized in this study, and generated a total sample of I ,316 participants. The first sample was made up of I, 173 randomly selected Utah households, identified through a random-digit dialing sampling technique. The second sample was obtained from a random selection of current Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) recipients. This sample of 143 TANF recipients provided an over-sample of low-income households, thus permitting comparisons with the first sample. Participants were identified through the sampling techniques described and contacted by telephone to complete the survey. The data pertaining to participants' welfare status, gender, and attitudes and behavior related to marital help-seeking were analyzed using chi-square analyses and I tests. The results indicated that welfare status is not significantly associated with marital help-seeking attitudes and behavior. In addition, no significant relationship was found between gender and marital help-seeking behavior. However, results indicated that males have less favorable attitudes than women toward marital help-seeking. Finally, welfare status and gender were not found to have a combined relationship effect on marital help-seeking attitudes and behavior.

This study examined the responses to a sexuality education questionnaire completed by 30 single mothers and 43 married mothers with preschool-aged children. Chi-square analyses were used to examine differences between married mothers and single mothers; mothers of males and mothers of females; and married mothers of males, married mothers of females, single mothers of males and single mothers of females. Age at which their preschool children first exhibited behaviors, frequency of that behavior, and comfort level of mothers' responses to those behaviors were addressed for each topic: male-female differences, reproduction and birth, privacy or modesty, taboo or obscene words, genital play, and sexual exploration play. Very few statistically significant differences were apparent in the comparisons that were made. Married mothers were more comfortable than single mother in responding to their child's questions about male-female differences and their child's use of taboo or obscene words. In addition, some interesting trends emerged. For instance, mothers tended to ex press more comfort when responding to hypothetical situations than when responding to actual situations. Questions about male-female differences, reproduction and birth, and privacy or modesty were responded to more frequently than questions about taboo or obscene words, genital play, or sexual exploration play. Moreover, maternal observation of behaviors that appeared to be more sensitive (and less comfortable, such as taboo or obscene words, genital play, and sexual exploration play) was lower than observation of less sensitive behaviors (male-female differences, privacy or modesty, and reproduction and birth). The implications of this study and directions for future research are discussed.

This is a systematic representative sample study of newlyweds designed to investigate aspects of participation in marriage preparation activities as well as determine what effect participation in activities had on marital satisfaction. A retrospective survey instrument was utilized which included the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale. Statistical analysis revealed that the majority of individuals in Utah prepare for marriage by visiting with parents or relatives, visiting with other married couples, and talking with religious leaders, and considered these activities to be helpful in their preparation. The small er percentage of individuals who participated in more formal preparation activities also considered these activities to be very helpful. Wives and husbands who attended a class and talked with religious leaders showed significant increases in marital satisfaction within a year after marriage. In addition, marital sati sfaction was increased for wives who read a book on marriage and for husbands who visited with their parents, relatives, or other married couples. Findings show that bringing children into marriage, parents' marital status, and age are factors associated with marital satisfaction.

This thesis answers the following questions: (a) Is the Play Assessment Scale a true measure of development? (b) Does the mother have a significant, positive influence on the child's level of development? (c) Does the mother's interactional style influence the child's development as measured by the Play Assessment Scale and the Battelle Developmental Inventory? The subjects were 13 visually impaired preschoolers. Development was measured with the Play Assessment Scale and the Battelle Developmental Inventory. Maternal interactional style was assessed with the Parent / Caregiver Involvement Scale. The study indicated that the Play Assessment Scale is a valid, reliable measure of development in the preschool child. Mother was able to significantly raise the child's developmental level through play. And, maternal interaction style appeared to be sensitive to the child's level of development . To highlight the developmental importance of interaction in the context of play, an interactive paradigm was used to answer the three questions posed by the study.

Research on attachment suggests that attachment styles do exist in adulthood and appear to be an evolutionary product of infancy. This research was particularly focused on examining the relationship between attachment styles at various stages of the marital life cycle and the relationship of these styles of attachment to styles of love and marital quality among members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS).

This investigation assessed the relationship between adolescents of intact families and adolescents in reconstituted families with regard to the effects of perception of parental acceptance on the variables of self-esteem, academic performance, sex role identity, and use o f substances. Observed differences between adolescents of intact and reconstituted families from a structural perspective, eliminating process variables, were also examined. Participants included two hundred fifty-six high school students in grades 9 through 12 in an overseas Department of Defense Dependent School (DoDDs) . Questionnaires incorporated the measures of Perception of Parental Behavior Index; Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Survey; The Bern Sex Role Inventory (BSRI); questions on substance use; and self-reported grade point averages (GPA). Major findings include (1) Adolescents living in an intact family (process variables excluded) evidenced significantly higher GPA scores than adolescents residing in a reconstituted (step-family) situation. However, with regard to the use of substances, sex role identification, and self-esteem, no differences emerged. (2) When the effects of parental acceptance were assessed, differences among adolescents of intact families and adolescents of reconstituted families emerged among the variables of femininity, self- esteem, and substance . In contrast, sex role identification, masculinity , self-esteem, substance use , and GPA were not found to be mediated by perception of parental acceptance. The lack of significant differences in self- esteem and substance use contrasted sharply with the findings among adolescents within intact families. (3) When positive perception of parental acceptance was evidenced across eight distinct family compositions of intact and reconstituted families , as opposed to negative perception, self- esteem score s were highest , irrespective of family structure.