Current access strategies for minimal interface (e.g., binary switch) users employ time-coded (i.e., synchronous) protocols that map unique sequences of user-generated binary digits (i.e., bits) to each of the available outcomes of a device under control. With such strategies, the user must learn and/or reproduce the timing of the protocol with a certain degree of accuracy. As a result, the number, κ, of device outcomes made accessible to the user is typically bound by the memorization capacity of the latter and by the time required to generate the appropriate bit sequences. Furthermore, synchronous access strategies introduce a minimum time delay that increases with larger κ, precluding access to control applications requiring fast user response. By turning control on its head, this thesis presents an access method that completely eliminates reliance on time-coded protocols. Instead, the proposed asynchronous access method requires users to employ their interfaces only when the behavior of the device under control does not match their intentions. In response to such event, the proposed method may then be used to select, and automatically transmit, a new outcome to the device. Such outcome is informed by historical and contextual assumptions incorporated into a recursive algorithm that provides increasingly accurate estimates of user intention. This novel approach, provides significant advantages over traditional synchronous strategies: i) the user is not required to learn any protocol, ii) there is no limit in the number of outcomes that may be made available to the user iii) there is no delay in the response of the device, iv) the expected amount of information required to achieve a particular task may be minimized, and, most importantly, v) the control of previously inaccessible devices may be enabled with minimal interfaces. This thesis presents the full mathematical development of the novel method for asynchronous control summarized above. Rigorous performance evaluations demonstrating the potential of this method in the control of complex devices, by means of minimal interfaces, are also reported.

abstract: Guitar Hero III and similar games potentially offer a vehicle for improvement of musical rhythmic accuracy with training delivered in both visual and auditory formats and by use of its novel guitar-shaped interface; however, some theories regarding multimedia learning suggest sound is a possible source of extraneous cognitive load while playing so players may score higher with sound turned off. Also, existing studies have shown that differences in the physical format of interfaces affect learning outcomes. This study sought to determine whether (a) the game’s audio content affects rhythmic accuracy, and (b) the type of game controller used affects learning of rhythmic accuracy. One hundred participants were randomly assigned in approximately equal numbers (ns = 25) to the four cells of a 2x2 between-subjects design. The first variable was the audio content of the game with two levels: on or off. The second variable was the type of game controller: the standard guitar-style controller or tablet interface. Participants across all conditions completed a pre- and post-test with a system that required them to tap along with repeated rhythmic patterns on an electronic drum pad. Statistical evidence showed better outcomes with a tablet controller with respect to input time error, reduction of extra notes played, and reduction of missed notes; however, the guitar-style controller produced superior outcomes in terms of avoiding missed notes and was associated with higher satisfaction by participants. When audio was present better outcomes were achieved at multiple factor-levels of reduction of missed responses, but superior outcomes in input time error were seen without audio. There was no evidence to suggest an interaction between controller type and the presence or absence of audio. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Educational Technology 2017

Idag ser vi en allt större ökning av eldrivna bilar. Fler länder och världsomfattande organisationer försöker framhäva elbilen för att accelerera dess adaption samt öka dess användning. Denna ökning förhindras bland annat av skillnader i användning av el och tidigare drivmedel som gör det svårt för fossilbilsanvändare att byta till elbil. Problematiken grundar sig i att flera beteenden från användningen av fossildrivnabilar ej är applicerbara i den nya elbilskontexten. Det ökande intresset för elbilar ställer nu nya krav på de hjälpmedel som finns att tillgå i samband med elbilsanvändning. Med dagens utveckling blir allt fler hjälpmedel digitala, vilket ställer krav på dagens designers. Framtidens digitala hjälpmedel behöver tillgodose behov som inte existerat vid användningen av tidigare drivmedel. Vi har genom studien tagit fram designförslag med syfte att stödja elbilsanvändare med element från persuasive design, detta med hjälp av design patterns som format. En prototyp designad efter dessa designförslag har sedan utvärderats för att se hur digitala hjälpmedel kan stödja elbilsanvändare. Studien har skett genom en designstudie med ett kvalitativt tillvägagångssätt, där vi utifrån identifierade utmaningar har utvärderat den framtagna prototypen genom scenariodrivna funktionstester. Testerna utfördes av elbilsanvändare och fokuserade på deras upplevda stöd av prototypens funktioner. Studien har skapat förståelse om vad och varför elbilsanvändare upplever svårigheter vid användningen av elbilar och hur digitala hjälpmedel kan underlätta för elbilsanvändare att förändra beteende. Resultatet av denna studie har lett till skapandet av fem designförslag som utvärderats, reviderats och presenteras i slutet av uppsatsen.

The submitted work describes design of the electronic working condition monitoring system for laboratory Is analyzed in detail the issue of categorization of laboratory laminar flow hood, determine characteristic of operating variables and their monitoring. Next is described a functional specification of the whole device and it follows the design concept of the possible solutions along with a selection of components for implementation. At the last part is described proposal communication protocol for communication between a master unit and auxiliary slave unit.

This work deals with the design of the electronic driver system for working conditions monitoring in the laboratory box. The state of the art of the laboratory boxes with the laminar convection is presented. The functional specification is made based on final customer needs, then leads to design of the possible solution. The solution is divided into two independent blocks - Main driver unit and Add-on module. The Main driver unit solution is made upon commercially available solution. The Add-on module is then designed including selection of suitable components, PCB prototype and appropriate firmware. Finally the work presents specification of implemented communication protocol for joining both parts Main driver unit and Add-on module.

The main aim of this master´s thesis is to launch a chain tools storage. The main intention of this work is creation of a control program for the programmable logic controller and HMI (Human Machine Interface). My master´s thesis contains optimization of location tools in chain tools storage. Program part consists of software modules which contain different algorithms (optimization of speed of start-up beds, beds approaching the shortest path and optimal deployment tools).

If automated vehicles are to be introduced on public roads, they need to be able to communicate appropriately with other road users. This can be done using various interfaces and by communicating various messages. Previous research has mainly investigated design of such communication for automated passenger cars. It is, however, currently largely unknown how corresponding communi- cation should be designed for heavy automated vehicles. Scania and RISE are collaborating in a research project on what signals need to be displayed for heavy automated vehicles when they get introduced to public roads. This thesis focuses on design of an external human-machine interface (eHMI) that conveys that a truck is operated in automated driving mode. It explored various types of message contents (abstract lights, text, symbols) as well as the effect of placement of eHMI (grille, under windshield, above windshield) and distance on understanding of the message. The emphasis was on the communi- cation to pedestrians in a crossing scenario. The thesis work was split into three design iterations according to the ”De- sign Thinking” methodology. The first iteration investigated the most preferred content types. The second investigated the effect that the screen placement on the truck had on the comprehensibility of the sign with regards to distance. The third and last iteration meant creating physical prototypes of low fidelity corresponding to the concepts from the second iteration, installing them on a truck and then evaluating them on a test track. The final evaluation was of an exploitative character and involved experts in the field of HMI design. The results showed that it was hard to interpret signals based on colors and abstract lights only. Symbols were also hard to interpret and should only be used when there is a standard for symbols for automated vehicles. Using text, on the other hand, made the message more clear and was easier to understand independently of the distance. As for the placement of the eHMI, the results show that there are preferences to using the middle and upper part of the truck.

Interpreting the subtleness and complexity of vulnerable road user (VRU) behaviour is still a significant challenge for automated vehicles (AVs). Solutions for facilitating safe and acceptable interactions in future automated traffic include equipping AVs and VRUs with human-machine interfaces (HMl.s), such as awareness and notification systems, and connecting road users to a network of A Vs and infrastructure. The research on these solutions, however, primarily focuses on pedestrians. There is no overview ofthe type of systems or solutions supporting cyclists in future automated traffic. The objective ofthe present study is to synthesise current literature and provide an overview ofthe state-ofthe-art support systems available to cyclists. The aim is to identify, classify, and count the types of communicative technologies, systems, and devices capable of supporting the safety of cyclists in automated traffic. The overall goal is to understand A V-cyclist interaction better, pinpoint knowledge gaps in current literature, and develop strategies for optimising safe and pleasant cycling in future traffic environments with AVs.

This thesis report, focuses on the automation process of Electrical Substations, with the main objective of integration into SCADA systems for electrical equipment responsible for the operation within substations, these devices have different communication protocols, after concentration information substation SCADA system, the next step to realize is sending data to the regulatory body that is in a remote location away from the substation, this is achieved using communication protocols designed for this function. All this process requires an optimization for the response times to any event that may happen in the substations and with this an optimization in operation of generation, distribution and transformation of electrical energy

L'intégration de systèmes robotiques au sein du bloc opératoire a modifié le déroulement de certaines interventions, laissant ainsi place à des pratiques favorisant le bénéfice médical rendu au patient en dépit des aspects conventionnels. Dans ce cadre, de récentes études de la Haute Autorité de Santé ont mis en avant les effets indésirables graves intervenant au cours des procédures chirurgicales robotisées. Ces erreurs, majoritairement dues aux compétences techniques du praticien, remettent ainsi en cause la formation et les techniques d'apprentissage pour la chirurgie robotisée. Bien que l'utilisation abondante de simulateurs facilite cet apprentissage au travers différents types d'entraînement, le retour fourni à l'opérateur reste succinct et ne lui permet pas de progresser dans de bonnes conditions. De ce fait, nous souhaitons améliorer les conditions d'entraînement en chirurgie laparoscopique robotisée. Les objectifs de cette thèse sont doubles. En premier lieu, ils visent le développement d'une méthode pour la segmentation et la reconnaissance des gestes chirurgicaux durant l'entraînement en se basant sur une approche non-supervisée. Utilisant les données cinématiques des instruments chirurgicaux, nous sommes capables de reconnaître les gestes réalisés par l'opérateur à hauteur de 82%. Cette méthode est alors une première étape pour l'évaluation de compétences basée sur la gestuelle et non sur l'ensemble de la tâche d'entraînement. D'autre part, nous souhaitons rendre l'entraînement en chirurgie robotisée plus accessible et moins coûteux. De ce fait, nous avons également étudié l'utilisation d'une nouvelle interface homme-machine sans contact pour la commande des robots chirurgicaux. Dans ces travaux, cette interface a été couplée au Raven-II, un robot de téléopération dédié à la recherche en robotique chirurgicale. Nous avons alors évalué les performances du système au travers différentes études, concluant ainsi à la possibilité de téléopérer un robot chirurgical avec ce type de dispositif. Il est donc envisageable d'utiliser ce type d'interface pour l'entraînement sur simulateur afin de réduire le coût de la formation, mais également d'améliorer l'accès et l'acquisition des compétences techniques spécifiques à la chirurgie robotisée. / Integration of robotic systems in the operating room changed the way that surgeries are performed. It modifies practices to improve medical benefits for the patient but also brought non-traditional aspects that can lead to serious undesirable effects. Recent studies from the French authorities for hygiene and medical care highlight that these undesirable effects mainly come from the surgeon's technical skills, which question surgical robotic training and teaching. To overcome this issue, surgical simulators help to train practitioner through different training tasks and provide feedback to the operator. However the feedback is partial and do not help the surgeon to understand gestural mistakes. Thus, we want to improve the surgical robotic training conditions. The objective of this work is twofold. First, we developed a new method for segmentation and recognition of surgical gestures during training sessions based on an unsupervised approach. From surgical tools kinematic data, we are able to achieve gesture recognition at 82%. This method is a first step to evaluate technical skills based on gestures and not on the global execution of the task as it is done nowadays. The second objective is to provide easier access to surgical training and make it cheaper. To do so, we studied a new contactless human-machine interface to control surgical robots. In this work, the interface is plugged to a Raven-II robot dedicated to surgical robotics research. Then, we evaluated performance of such system through multiple studies, concluding that this interface can be used to control surgical robots. In the end, one can consider to use this contactless interface for surgical training with a simulator. It can reduce the training cost and also improve the access for novice surgeons to technical skills training dedicated to surgical robotics.