京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(経済学) / 甲第21291号 / 経博第579号 / 新制||経||286(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院経済学研究科経済学専攻 / (主査)教授 徳賀 芳弘, 准教授 草野 真樹, 教授 藤井 秀樹 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Economics / Kyoto University / DFAM

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The expansion of higher education and changes in the labour markets seem to have reached a point where training for an M.Ed is affected by a number of issues traditionally raised in the context of graduate employment and work. Growing emphasis is placed on general skills and flexibility, which is briefly mentioned in this report. Labour market theory, human capital development, social capital and career development are explored in detail. Management is no longer perceived in terms of maintaining the business machine but is evolving into a motivator and leader of staff, an inspirational entity that is quintessential to the retention of highly qualified staff . This has resulted in the language of business changing, thus the „efficient company‟ has become a „learning organisation‟ (Germishuys, 2006). Therefore it is of great interest to actually conduct a case study of 11 M.Ed. graduates to track their career trajectories to see where this prestigious qualification has taken them. The researcher traces a general group of M.Ed graduates from the class of 1999 from the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits). The main idea of this study is to ascertain exactly what it is that the sample M.Ed graduates have accomplished in their professional lives. It was found that the colour of one‟s skin, background, contextual factors, opportunities, social networking and career aspirations have played a pivotal role in the career progression of the M.Ed. graduates.

This study researched the prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and the potential impact ASD on postsecondary human capital development in California Central Valley. The problem of the study was to determine the perceptions of parents, high school educators, and community college educators’ regarding awareness of and satisfaction with college transition support services for ASD students. The study also examined respondent’s opinions regarding delivery modes and importance of support services topics for ASD high students transitioning to community colleges. The participants in the study included parents, high school educators, and community college educators in California’s Tulare and Fresno Counties. The criteria for participation in the study were parents and educators of 18-21 year old ASD individuals with an intellectual capacity in the Asperger’s range based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and Intelligence Quotient Score in inclusive educational environments. The study’s questionnaire utilized the ThinkCollege Theoretical Framework that identifies academic access, career development, campus membership, and selfvocacy as key support service that assist students navigating the college transition. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze respondent’s perceptions. ANOVA was performed at the 0.05 confidence level to test for a statistically significant difference between each group’s perceived awareness and satisfaction. A total of 63 participants completed the Internet-based surveys out of 69 responses. The awareness and satisfaction data indicate a trend towards high school and community college educators both having similar perception of community college support services and delivery modes. All respondents believed that individual support services have the greatest impact on academic access, career development, and campus membership for ASD students. A key finding is that there is statistically significant evidence substantiating that parental perceptions are different from those of community college educators towards awareness and satisfaction with community college student support services. It is concluded that communicating expectations and removing silos could possibly improve or eliminate the awareness and satisfaction perception differences between parents and community college educators.

As a result of the 2008-2010 economic crisis as well as continuing efforts to redevelop and revitalize local economies, public administrators across America are challenged with the task of developing methods to sustain their economies. According to Florida (2002) economic growth today is contingent upon a locality’s ability to attract a certain group of people, particularly those of the “creative class”. Furthermore, Florida et al., (2006), assert that universities are key contributors to regional development in their ability to attract creative class individuals into a community. Contrary to the assertion that the creative class is a prerequisite for economic growth, researchers argue that additional economic development theories should be examined in comparison to the creative class theory. This study examines the creative class, human capital, social capital, and the institutional intellectual capital theories to determine which is the best predictor for economic growth in nonmetropolitan areas. This study also presents an additional theoretical framework, the community capital approach to provide a multi-dimensional examination of the quality of life and demographic factors that can aid local public administrators in understanding what impacts the economic growth and development of communities. To assess this relationship, a multivariate regression analysis; specifically ordinary least squares regression is used to determine the strength of factors that influence the measurements of economic development. The findings for the creative class theory provide marginal support for the assertion that the presence of the creative class leads to more economic growth. There is also marginal support for the human capital, social capital, and the institutional intellectual capital theories as predictors of economic growth in nonmetropolitan areas. This research suggests that there are two paths that can be pursued by local public administrators to improve their economies. First, local public administrators with access to higher education institutions should focus their efforts on educating their workforce. Secondly, local public administrators from communities not equipped with higher education institutions should direct their strategies towards the community capital approach by creating more green space for parks and trails since these factors can be easily enhanced.

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Entrepreneurs from emerging countries lack the human capital that is critical to the success of ventures besides their limited resources, poor infrastructure, and low pre-entry knowledge. As a result, ventures in these countries face low business growth and performance. Incubators are an efficient solution to overcome these challenges. This research answers the question: “How can incubators help increase the human capital in order to improve the performance of the ventures in emerging countries? And how can financial support and networking help leverage the human capital gained in incubator programs?”. The paper adopts a qualitative study by interviewing participants of a Berlin-based organization that helps entrepreneurs in Egypt. The findings show that companies grew by 32% in revenue by providing entrepreneurial learning, financial support, and network to participants. Furthermore, the study shows the impact of learning on both networking and financing sourcing skills for entrepreneurs in Egypt. These findings have implications for ways to support emerging economies through incubation by offering effective solutions for the challenges of the entrepreneurs.

In economics, new growth theory suggests that knowledge creation and innovation are key drivers of growth. As a result, the ‘new economy’ is increasingly reliant upon the knowledge, skills, and abilities embodied in its workforce, also known as human capital, that facilitate the stimulation and generation of new ideas (Romer 1986, 1990 and Lucas 1988). This research contributes to the understanding of the relationship between stocks of human capital and economic output. I construct metrics to measure concentrations of basic worker skills using the Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Information Network (O*NET) and employment estimates for 353 US metropolitan areas. In general, I find that basic skills are positively correlated with higher productivity. Specifically, I find that higher levels of the skills math and critical thinking partially explain higher levels of regional productivity. Science, though not statistically significant, has a negative correlation between higher levels of skill and regional output.

The external environment, currently considered as VUCA environment, in which orgnaizations and individuals operate can be characterized by numerous uncertainties. As a result of these uncertainties, one significant aspect that is affected is the individual KSAOs as part of the human capital concept. A thorough understanding of how uncertainties affect KSAOs allows individuals and organizations to adapt, be resilient, and respond effectively to the changing environment. One research field that encompasses the external environment and its uncertainties as well as individual KSAOs is strategic human resource management (SHRM). However, the relationship between these key concepts has not yet been addressed. Also, much of SHRM research has been devoted to the company's perspective, largely ignoring the employees' point of view. Thus, this research aims to fill a gap in prior research by exploring the relationship between the external environment with its uncertainties and individual KSAOs from the employee's perspective. To further implement this knowledge in practice, two scenarios are created to demonstrate the factors companies should focus on in order to increase their human capital's resilience. To identify the relationship between external uncertainties and individual KSAOs, a conceptual framework was developed. The framework outlines the foundation for a qualitative case study with a Swedish consultancy company as a single case. A comprehensive data foundation was constructed through data triangulation, which involves combining both primary and secondary sources of data. In this study, organizational documents provided by the case company were used as secondary data, while primary data was gathered through semi-structured interviews with six employees of the case company. The findings indicate differences between prior literature and the collected empirical data. For example, employees' views on prioritizing different KSAOs (Knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics) showed that soft skills were seen as far more important than hard skills when coping with uncertainties. This challenges the prior literature on human capital that has mostly focused on hard skills and the importance of their development through education and training. By using COVID-19 as a recent and accurate example of uncertainty, the data revealed changes in ways of working and work-life balance. It also revealed that environmental and technological uncertainties are currently considered the most effective. While they were seen to have unpredictable, and possibly even negative long-term effects, they were also considered as possibilities for the future. With subjective research philosophy, we could find contradictory opinions within the sample which further extended prior research by highlighting the need for considering individuality rather than the company perspective when making decisions that relate to the external environment , its uncertainties, and the individual KSAOs.