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In this study, the structures of two ultrathin Pd nanowires were predicted by the simulated annealing basin-hopping method (SABH) with the tight-binding potential. The thermal stability of the Pd wires and adsorption, dissociation and diffusion behaviors were further examined by the density functional theory (DFT) calculation and DFT molecular dynamics (DFT-MD) simulation. In terms of thermal stability, these two Pd nanowires are still very stable at temperatures as high as 400 K. The configurations and adsorption energy have been calculated for H atom and H2 molecular adsorption on Pd nanowires. The minimum energy pathways and transition states of H2 molecular dissociation and H atom diffusion process on Pd nanowires were studied by the nudged elastic band (NEB) method. For the dissociation of hydrogen molecules, results show the dissociation is almost barrierless so the dissociation is easy to occur at very low temperatures, and their catalytic reactivity is very similar to the Pd bulk material. The thermal stability of the H atom within these Pd nanowires were also investigated by DFT-MD, with results showing that the H atom can only stay within Pd nanowires at temperatures much lower than room temperature (298 K). This phenomenon is very different from that of H atoms within Pd bulk material or other reported nanomaterials, leading to hydrogen embrittlement. Our results reveal that these two ultrathin Pd nanowires not only possess the same excellent catalytic activity for hydrogen molecules as the bulk Pd materials or other Pd nanomaterials do, but also avoid the hydrogen embrittlement occur.

Submitted by Hugo de Oliveira Batael (hugobatelll@gmail.com) on 2018-04-11T17:47:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertação.pdf: 1370283 bytes, checksum: 904b4b44fde0f31ac327ecf977a567d0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Elza Mitiko Sato null (elzasato@ibilce.unesp.br) on 2018-04-11T18:15:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 batael_ho_me_sjrp.pdf: 1370283 bytes, checksum: 904b4b44fde0f31ac327ecf977a567d0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-11T18:15:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 batael_ho_me_sjrp.pdf: 1370283 bytes, checksum: 904b4b44fde0f31ac327ecf977a567d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Nesse trabalho o estado fundamental para a molécula de H2 é calculado usando o método variacional. A abordagem proposta aqui usa a função de onda molecular do tipo Valence Bond (VB), escrita como sendo a soma do termo de valência com o termo iônico, sendo ao último dado um peso diferente em relação ao primeiro. A molécula é confinada em uma caixa elipsoidal impenetrável. Como uma primeira aproximação esse tipo de geometria pode ser usada para simular moléculas dentro de cavidades proteicas. Os orbitais atômicos são construídos através de sugestões inspiradas no método de fatorização da equação de Schrödinger. A polarizabilidade, momento de quadrupolo e os autovalores de energia para a parte vibracional também são calculados. O objetivo desse trabalho é propor uma função de onda simples, em comparação com as encontradas na literatura, para a molécula de hidrogênio confinada. Os resultados numéricos estão de acordo com os encontrados na literatura e levam à discussão de quanto o termo iônico é relevante para o sistema estudado. / The ground state energies for the confined H2 molecules are computed by using the variational method. The approach proposed here uses the wave function molecular of the type Valence Bond (VB), written as the sum of the covalent term with ionic term, for last term is given a weight different in relation the first term. The molecules are confined in impenetrable prolate spheroidal boxes. In first approach this system can be used for simulate molecules in protein cavities. The atomic orbitals are built from previous suggestion inspired from the factorization of Schrödinger equation. The aim of this work is to propose a new simple and efficient wave function to be used for confined hydrogen molecule. The polarizability, quadrupole moment and vibrational states are also calculated. The results obtained are in agreement with other results presents in the literature and they lead to discussion about of relevance of ionic term in the wave function.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第23883号 / 工博第4970号 / 新制||工||1776(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科機械理工学専攻 / (主査)教授 蓮尾 昌裕, 教授 鈴木 基史, 教授 江利口 浩二 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

In dieser Arbeit wird eine, zeitabhängige, nicht störungstheoretische numerische Methode entwickelt, welche Ionisation und Anregung von Atomen oder Molekülen in Stößen mit entweder PB oder P beschreibt und auf der impact-parameter Methode basiert. Es wird eine spektrale close-coupling Methode verwendet, um die zeitabhängige Schrödinger-Gleichung zu lösen, in welcher die Wellenfunktion in (effektive) Ein- oder Zwei-Elektronen-Eigenzustände des Targets entwickelt wird. Dies beinhaltet auch eine erstmalige volle Zwei-Elektronen-Beschreibung von H2 in PB-Stößen. Rechnungen werden für PB-Stöße mit H, H2+ und H2 sowie He und den Alkaliatomen Li, Na, K und Rb durchgeführt. Daten für P-Stöße werden für H2 und die Alkaliatomen Li, Na und K erzielt. Die Methode wird durch einen detaillierten Vergleich der erhaltenen Ergebnisse für P-Stöße und für PB + He mit Literaturdaten verifiziert. Andererseits ergänzen die totalen und differentiellen Wirkungsquerschnitte für Ionisation und Anregung der Targets in PB-Stößen die spärliche Literatur. Sowohl die Resultate für verschiedene Targets als auch für PB- und P-Stöße werden miteinander verglichen. Ein Schwerpunkt dieser Arbeit liegt auf der Untersuchung von PB + H2, welche die Abhängigkeit der Wirkungsquerschnitte vom Kernabstand und von der relativen Ausrichtung der molekularen Achse beinhaltet. Weiterhin werden Ergebnisse mit Ein-Elektronen-Modellpotentialen erzielt und mit der vollen Zwei-Elektronen-Beschreibung von H2 verglichen. Außerdem werden Energieverluste in PB-Stößen bestimmt. / In this work a nonperturbative, time-dependent numerical approach is developed which describes ionization and excitation of atoms or molecules by either PB or P impact based on the impact-parameter method. A spectral close-coupling method is employed for solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation in which the scattering wave function is expanded in (effective) one- or two-electron eigenstates of the target. This includes for the first time a full two-electron, two-center description of the H2 molecule in PB collisions. The radial part of the one-electron eigenstates is expanded in B splines while the two-electron basis is obtained with a configuration-interaction approach. Calculations are performed for PB collisions with H, H2+, and H2 as well as with He and alkali-metal atoms Li, Na, K, and Rb. Additionally, data are obtained for P collisions with H2, Li, Na, and K. The developed method is tested and validated by detailed comparison of the present findings for P impacts and for PB + He collisions with literature data. On the other hand, total and differential cross sections for ionization and excitation of the targets by PB impact complement the sparse literature data of this kind. Results gained from different targets as well as from PB and P impact are compared with each other and assessed. Furthermore, results obtained with one-electron model potentials are compared to the full two-electron description of H2. Finally, stopping powers for PB impacts are determined.