This study was based on samples taken from 7 cruises between February 2004 and November 2004 and intended to investigate the effects of hydrographic conditions on the spatiotemporal variations of fish larvae assemblage in the waters surrounding Taiwan. The cold, low salinity, and nutrient-rich waters were usually found in the seas northwest of Taiwan in winter, probably due to the invasion of China Coastal Current (CCC). While the dominance of warm and saline waters in the Taiwan Strait in summer and in the waters south and east of Taiwan throughout the year implied that the waters of these areas might be controlled by Kuroshio Current (KC) and South China Sea Waters. In total, 622 fish larvae taxa belonging to 295 genera and 138 families were identified by this study with an overall mean abundance of 760.52 ¡Ó 75.63 ind./1000m3. No significant difference in abundance was found among seasons. The 10 predominant taxa, which constituted 32% of the total number of fish larvae, were Engraulis japonicus, Benthosema pterotum, Scomber japonicus, Vinciguerria nimbaria, Encrasicholina punctifer, Sigmops gracilis, Auxis sp., Trichiurus lepturus, Bleekeria mitsukurii, and Maurolicus sp.. The distribution patterns of fish larvae showed a close relationship with the water masses, higher abundance and lower species richness of fish larvae were always found in the northwestern and northern waters of Taiwan where the CCC prevails, and lower abundance and higher species diversity were present in the eastern waters of Taiwan where the KC dominates. Results of cluster analysis distinguished three station groups, the western, transitional, and eastern groups, and the distribution patterns of these station groups were also corresponded with hydrographic conditions. Furthermore, two seasonal groups of fish larvae assemblages were also recognized, spring-summer group and autumn-winter group. Results of correlation coefficients showed that total abundance of fish larvae and the most dominant taxa were positively related to zooplankton abundance but negatively related to phytoplankton abundance, and suggested that food source might be a key factor to determine the abundance and distribution of fish larvae in the waters surrounding Taiwan. Results of indicator species analysis designated Engraulis japonicus the indicator species of the CCC, and Vinciguerria nimbaria, Maurolicus sp., and Sigmops gracilis the indicator species of the KC.

Thesis (M. Arch.)--University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes special report study entitled: Weathering of materials. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--Naval Postgraduate School, 1997. / "January 1997." "Prepared for: Oceanographer of the Navy, OPNAV 096, Washington, DC 20392-5421." "NPS-OC-97-002." Includes bibliographical references (p. 152).

Thesis (M.Arch.)--University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes special report study entitled : Weathering of materials. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:45:22Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 carvalho_sm_dr_prud.pdf: 1565682 bytes, checksum: 7df069094fbd02bd9832a34402a065d6 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Os estudos de Bacias Hidrográficas, como unidade de gestão, estavam inicialmente voltados aos recursos hídricos, mas hoje contemplam também uma gama de aspectos, entre os quais a conservação do solo, o aumento da produtividade, a exploração econômica, as potencialidades turísticas e as relações sociais. A Bacia do Rio Quebra-Perna, objeto desta pesquisa, ocupa a porção leste do município de Ponta Grossa, na região dos Campos Gerais do Paraná e abriga, simultaneamente, inúmeros sítios naturais de importância local, regional e nacional além de intensa atividade agrícola, silvicultura, pecuária e remanescentes de vegetação nativa. Com o objetivo de diagnosticar os diversos aspectos físicos, bióticos e o uso da terra, visando a elaboração de diretrizes e estratégias de ação para um futuro processo de gestão, foi utilizada a metodologia do Diagnóstico Físico-Conservacionista , adaptada para o Brasil por Beltrame (1994). A metodologia permite, a partir de uma setorização da Bacia, a avaliação de sete parâmetros identificando o estado ambiental da mesma. Os resultados obtidos são unidades de risco de erosão (entre 0 e 100) por setor, sendo que na Bacia do Quebra-Perna os setores A e B apresentaram 33,9 unidades e o setor C 30,1 unidades de risco. / The studies of Hydrographic Basins, as units of management, were first turned to hydro resources, but today, they also contemplate a wider range of aspects, such as, soil conservation, increase of productivity, economic exploitation, tourist potentialities and social relations. The Quebra-Perna River Basin, object of this research, occupies the est side of the outskirts of Ponta Grossa, in the Campos Gerais region, in Paraná, and shelters, simultaneously, several natural sites of local, regional and national importance, besides intense agricultural activity, cattle ranch and remaining native vegetation. The methodology of the Physical-Conservationist Diagnostic, adapted for Brazil by Beltrame (1994), was used with the objective of diagnosing the diverse physical and biotic aspects, as well as the land manipulation, aiming the elaboration of guidelines and action strategies for a future management process. From a section division of the Basin, that methodology allows an evaluation of seven parameters that identify its environment situation. The results obtained are: erosion risk units (between 0 and 100) per sector, being that in the Quebra-Perna Basin, sectors A and B have presented 33,9 of them, and sector C has presented 30,1 risk units.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-10-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:16:20Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 sonegatti_o_me_prud_prot.pdf: 280357 bytes, checksum: 2d8d4de2dda4134d9536ba3b5aad47cf (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objeto desta pesquisa foi a análise ambiental da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Marreco localizada no oeste paranaense, uma das regiões de maior produção de grãos e suínos do Estado. Através de observações e mapeamento procurou-se conhecer a forma com que os agricultores estão trabalhando o solo, o tipo de agricultura e pecuária e a preservação das matas ciliares das nascentes e dos corpos d´água. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido em algumas etapas principais que foram: revisão de literatura, busca de informações nos órgãos responsáveis, delimitação e georreferenciamento da área de estudo, com relação aos solos e à hidrografia e levantamento do uso atual da terra sobre as imagens de satélite. Para a elaboração dos mapas, foi utilizada a metodologia desenvolvida por Piroli (2002). Utilizamos também os parâmetros cobertura vegetal atual (CA), erosividade da chuva (E) e a densidade de drenagem (DD), como proposto por Beltrame (1994) para o Diagnóstico Físico Conservacionista (DFC). Como resultados das análises das características físicas da bacia, obtivemos características morfométricas, características hidrográficas da bacia e análise do uso das terras nas APPs. Constatamos que a bacia hidrográfica do rio Marreco, apresenta recomposição das matas ciliares nas cabeceiras de nascentes e respeito às faixas de preservação dos corpos d´água, e os agricultores aplicam técnicas conservacionistas para o preparo do solo. / The goal of this research was the Marreco River´s hydrographic environmental analysis of western Parana state, Brazil, one of the productive regions in grains and swine raising. Through observations and mapping this work intended to identify how the farmers are working their soil, the kind of agriculture and cattle raising and the preservation of gallery forests of their souces and courses. This work was developed in some steps which include: literature revision, information search in the responsible organs, delimitation and georeferencing of the study area, related to soil and hydrography, besides collecting the real use of the soil on the images captured by satellite. For the elaboration of the maps, the methodology used was based on Piroli (2002). We have also used the parameters of present vegetal covering (CA), rain erosion (E) and the density of drainage (DD) as proposed by Beltrame (1994) for the Conservationist Physical Diagnosis – DFC. As a result of the physical characteristics analyses of the river system, we obtained the use of the soil in the APPs. We identified that Marreco River´s hydrographic system presents a recomposition of the gallery forests on the river sources and a strict respect to the preservation bounds of the systems, and the agriculturalists apply conservationist techniques for preparing the soil.

The United States of Army Corp of Engineers (USACE) closely monitors the changing depths of navigation channels throughout the U.S. and Western Europe. The main issue with their surveying methodology is that the USACE surveys in linear cross sections, perpendicular to the channel direction. Depending on the channel length and width, these cross sections are spaced 100 - 400 feet apart, which produces large unmapped areas within each cross section of a survey. Using a variety of spatial interpolation methods, depths of these unmapped areas were produced. The choice of spatial interpolator varied upon which method adequately produced surfaces from large hydrographic survey data sets with the lowest amount of prediction error. The data used for this research consisted of multibeam and singlebeam surveys. These surveys were taken in a systematic manner of linear cross-sections that produced tens of thousands of data points. Nine interpolation techniques (inverse distance weighting, completely regularized spline, spline with tension, thin plate spline, multiquadratic spline, inverse multiquadratic spline, ordinary kriging, simple kriging, and universal kriging) were compared for their ability to accurately produce bathymetric surfaces of navigation channels. Each interpolation method was tested for effectiveness in determining depths at "unknown" areas. The level of accuracy was tested through validation and cross validation of training and test data sets for a particular hydrographic survey. By using interpolation, grid surfaces were created at 15, 30, 60, and 90-meter resolution for each survey of the study site, the Atlantic Ocean Channel. These surfaces are used to produce shoaling amounts, which are taken in the form of volumes (yd.³). Because the Atlantic Ocean Channel is a large channel with a small gradual change in depth, a comparison of grid resolution was conducted to determine what difference, if any, exists between the calculated volumes from varying grid resolutions. Also, a comparison of TIN model volume calculations was compared to grid volume estimates. Volumes are used to determine the amount of shoaling and at what rate shoaling is occurring in a navigation channel. Shoaling in each channel was calculated for the entire channel length. Volumes from varying grid resolutions were produced from the Atlantic Ocean Channel over a seven-year period from 1994-2001. Using randomly arranged test and training datasets, spline with tension and thin plate spline produced the mean total error when interpolating using singlebeam and multibeam hydrographic data respectively. Thin plate spline and simple kriging produced the lowest mean total error in full cross validation testing of entire singlebeam and multibeam hydrographic datasets respectively. Volume analysis of varying grid resolution indicates that finer grid resolution provides volume estimates comparable to TIN modeling, the USACE's technique for determining sediment volume estimates. The coarser the resolution, the less similar the volume estimates are in comparison to TIN modeling. All grid resolutions indicate that the Atlantic Ocean Channel is shoaling. Using a plan depth of 53 feet, TIN modeling displayed an annual average increase of 928,985 cubic yards of sediment from 1994 - 2001. / Master of Science

Resumo: Este trabalho visou efetuar um estudo sobre o intemperismo químico na bacia do Alto Sorocaba (SP). A taxa de intemperismo das rochas é um parâmetro importante na caracterização geomorfológica dos continentes, sendo empregadas várias ferramentas na sua avaliação. Para tanto, neste trabalho foram utilizados a concentração de urânio, a razão de atividade 234U/238U e os principais cátions em amostras de água, solo e rochas da bacia. A bacia do Alto Sorocaba apresenta vários problemas ambientais que interferem na qualidade das águas pluviais e fluviais, neste sentido, o balanço geoquímico efetuado utilizando os principais cátions apresentou alguns inconvenientes. No entanto, a taxa de intemperismo utilizando o modelo isotópico do urânio correspondeu a 13,9 μm/ano, a qual indica que são necessários 72.000 anos para alterar 1m de rocha. Quanto aos problemas ambientais identificados na bacia do Alto Sorocaba por atividades antrópicas, as causas principais foram a sua má utilização e falta de planejamento. Sob esse aspecto, medidas de curto, médio e longo prazo devem ser tomadas, visando à utilização racional dos recursos naturais da bacia. / Abstract: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the chemical weathering in the Alto Sorocaba basin (SP). The weathering rate in rocks is an important parameter on the geomorphological characterization of the continents and therefore, several tools may be used for its evaluation. Thus, this work utilized data on the uranium concentration, the 234U/238U activity ratio and the major cations concentration for samples of waters, soils and rocks from this basin. The Alto Sorocaba basin has serious environmental problems in terms of the quality of the rain and river waters, in this direction, the geochemical balance using the main cations presented some inconveniences. However the weathering rate utilizing the uranium isotopes modeling corresponded to 13,9 μm/year, which indicates that is necessary 72,000 years to weather 1 m of rock. Concerning to the environmental problems identified in the Alto Sorocaba basin, due to anthropogenic activities, the major causes had been its bad use and lack of planning. Under this aspect, short, medium and long run initiatives must be considered, aiming to the rational use of the natural resources in the basin. / Orientador: Daniel Marcos Bonotto / Coorientador: Fabiano Tomazini da Conceição / Banca: Carlos Renato Corso / Banca: Jairo Roberto Jimenez Rueda / Mestre

Orientador: Nilza Aparecida Freres Stipp / Resumo: Os estudos de Bacias Hidrográficas, como unidade de gestão, estavam inicialmente voltados aos recursos hídricos, mas hoje contemplam também uma gama de aspectos, entre os quais a conservação do solo, o aumento da produtividade, a exploração econômica, as potencialidades turísticas e as relações sociais. A Bacia do Rio Quebra-Perna, objeto desta pesquisa, ocupa a porção leste do município de Ponta Grossa, na região dos Campos Gerais do Paraná e abriga, simultaneamente, inúmeros sítios naturais de importância local, regional e nacional além de intensa atividade agrícola, silvicultura, pecuária e remanescentes de vegetação nativa. Com o objetivo de diagnosticar os diversos aspectos físicos, bióticos e o uso da terra, visando a elaboração de diretrizes e estratégias de ação para um futuro processo de gestão, foi utilizada a metodologia do Diagnóstico Físico-Conservacionista , adaptada para o Brasil por Beltrame (1994). A metodologia permite, a partir de uma setorização da Bacia, a avaliação de sete parâmetros identificando o estado ambiental da mesma. Os resultados obtidos são unidades de risco de erosão (entre 0 e 100) por setor, sendo que na Bacia do Quebra-Perna os setores A e B apresentaram 33,9 unidades e o setor C 30,1 unidades de risco. / Abstract: The studies of Hydrographic Basins, as units of management, were first turned to hydro resources, but today, they also contemplate a wider range of aspects, such as, soil conservation, increase of productivity, economic exploitation, tourist potentialities and social relations. The Quebra-Perna River Basin, object of this research, occupies the est side of the outskirts of Ponta Grossa, in the Campos Gerais region, in Paraná, and shelters, simultaneously, several natural sites of local, regional and national importance, besides intense agricultural activity, cattle ranch and remaining native vegetation. The methodology of the Physical-Conservationist Diagnostic, adapted for Brazil by Beltrame (1994), was used with the objective of diagnosing the diverse physical and biotic aspects, as well as the land manipulation, aiming the elaboration of guidelines and action strategies for a future management process. From a section division of the Basin, that methodology allows an evaluation of seven parameters that identify its environment situation. The results obtained are: erosion risk units (between 0 and 100) per sector, being that in the Quebra-Perna Basin, sectors A and B have presented 33,9 of them, and sector C has presented 30,1 risk units. / Doutor

Orientador: Edson Luis Piroli / Banca: Antonio Cezar Leal / Banca: Salvador Carpi Júnior / Resumo: O objeto desta pesquisa foi a análise ambiental da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Marreco localizada no oeste paranaense, uma das regiões de maior produção de grãos e suínos do Estado. Através de observações e mapeamento procurou-se conhecer a forma com que os agricultores estão trabalhando o solo, o tipo de agricultura e pecuária e a preservação das matas ciliares das nascentes e dos corpos d'água. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido em algumas etapas principais que foram: revisão de literatura, busca de informações nos órgãos responsáveis, delimitação e georreferenciamento da área de estudo, com relação aos solos e à hidrografia e levantamento do uso atual da terra sobre as imagens de satélite. Para a elaboração dos mapas, foi utilizada a metodologia desenvolvida por Piroli (2002). Utilizamos também os parâmetros cobertura vegetal atual (CA), erosividade da chuva (E) e a densidade de drenagem (DD), como proposto por Beltrame (1994) para o Diagnóstico Físico Conservacionista (DFC). Como resultados das análises das características físicas da bacia, obtivemos características morfométricas, características hidrográficas da bacia e análise do uso das terras nas APPs. Constatamos que a bacia hidrográfica do rio Marreco, apresenta recomposição das matas ciliares nas cabeceiras de nascentes e respeito às faixas de preservação dos corpos d'água, e os agricultores aplicam técnicas conservacionistas para o preparo do solo. / Abstract: The goal of this research was the Marreco River's hydrographic environmental analysis of western Parana state, Brazil, one of the productive regions in grains and swine raising. Through observations and mapping this work intended to identify how the farmers are working their soil, the kind of agriculture and cattle raising and the preservation of gallery forests of their souces and courses. This work was developed in some steps which include: literature revision, information search in the responsible organs, delimitation and georeferencing of the study area, related to soil and hydrography, besides collecting the real use of the soil on the images captured by satellite. For the elaboration of the maps, the methodology used was based on Piroli (2002). We have also used the parameters of present vegetal covering (CA), rain erosion (E) and the density of drainage (DD) as proposed by Beltrame (1994) for the Conservationist Physical Diagnosis - DFC. As a result of the physical characteristics analyses of the river system, we obtained the use of the soil in the APPs. We identified that Marreco River's hydrographic system presents a recomposition of the gallery forests on the river sources and a strict respect to the preservation bounds of the systems, and the agriculturalists apply conservationist techniques for preparing the soil. / Mestre