Ma Yanqing. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 279-324). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

At the present time, cardiovascular disease is a major public health problem in Canada, taking the lives of 78,000 Canadians each year. One of the important risk factors implicated in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease is hyperlipoproteinemia. Factors which have been implicated in the etiology of hyperlipoproteinemia include nutritional practices and related demographic variables such as excess body weight, lack of physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, abnormal carbohydrate metabolism and family history of heart disease. Although all of the factors cited here have been investigated and their role in the development of hyperlipoproteinemia reported in the literature, the importance of the interrelationship among the individual factors has frequently been overlooked. Also the relationship of these factors to the presence of hyperlipoproteinemia in many cases is poorly understood. A study was designed to investigate the relationship of nutritional practices and related demographic variables to the presence of hyperlipoproteinemia in males aged thirty to sixty years who were admitted to St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, for cardiac catheterization. The criterion variables measured in the study were the fasting serum triglyceride level and fasting serum cholesterol level. The variates were categorized as nutritional practices, demographic factors and anthropometric measurements. Nutritional practices included sucrose as percent of total carbohydrate, starch as percent of carbohydrate, P:S ratio, total caloric intake, fat as percent of total calories and alcohol as percent of total calories. The nature of the relationship between the criterion variables and the variates, and amongst the variates themselves, were investigated. Results are based on interviews conducted with 64 subjects between March 1 and October 16, 1975. Sixty-four percent of the subjects exhibited a serum triglyceride level beyond the range accepted as normal by St. Paul's Hospital laboratory while only 3% had abnormally high serum cholesterol levels. The Pearson product moment correlation coefficient revealed a significant correlation between the serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations at the 0.002 level of significance. Analysis of t-distribution showed no significant correlation between the presence of hyperlipoproteinemia and the consumption of sucrose as percent of total carbohydrate, starch as percent of total carbohydrate, fat as percent of total calories, alcohol as percent of total calories or P:S ratio. Similarly, the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient failed to show a significant correlation between caloric intake and the presence of hyperlipoproteinemia at the 0.05 level of significance. However, both physical activity and ponderal index were significant factors by t-test analysis, indicating the relationship of both overweight and inactivity to the presence of hyperlipoproteinemia. In addition, correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between fasting blood glucose and the presence of hyperlipoproteinemia. No correlation was observed with age or smoking and the presence of hyperlipoproteinemia. Implications relative to evaluation of the atherogenic status of an individual and possible reduction of the incidence of hyperlipoproteinemia became apparent from the interpretation of the findings of this study. / Land and Food Systems, Faculty of / Graduate

by Say Tung Kun. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 80-92). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Title --- p.i / Table of Contents --- p.ii / List of tables --- p.vi / List of abbreviations --- p.viii / Acknowledgements --- p.xi / Abstract --- p.xii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Lipids: their nature and function in man --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Lipid metabolism --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- The definition and classification of hyperlipidaemia --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- The definition of hyperlipidaemia --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Lipid levels and diet in Hong Kong and other Chinese populations --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- The classification of hyperlipidaemia --- p.8 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- The primary hyperlipidaemias: Genetic disorders of lipid metabolism --- p.8 / Chapter 1.3.5 --- The secondary causes of hyperlipidaemia --- p.8 / Chapter 1.4 --- The signs and symptoms of hyperlipidaemia --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- The signs of hyperlipidaemia --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4.1.1 --- Corneal arcus --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4.1.2 --- Xanthomata --- p.11 / Chapter 1.4.1.3 --- Xanthelasmata --- p.11 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- The symptoms of hyperlipidaemia --- p.12 / Chapter 1.5 --- The investigations and monitoring of hyperlipidaemia during studies of drug treatment --- p.12 / Chapter 1.5.1 --- The clinical investigation of hyperlipidaemia --- p.12 / Chapter 1.5.2 --- The clinical and laboratory monitoring of hyperlipidaemia --- p.13 / Chapter 1.5.2.1 --- The clinical monitoring of hyperlipidaemia --- p.13 / Chapter 1.5.2.2 --- The laboratory monitoring of hyerlipidaemia --- p.13 / Chapter 1.6 --- The therapy of hyperlipidaemia --- p.13 / Chapter 1.6.1 --- The response to lipid-lowering drug therapy --- p.14 / Chapter 1.6.1.1 --- The response to the flbric acid derivatives --- p.15 / Chapter 1.6.2 --- Detection of hyperlipidaemia and benefits of treatment --- p.19 / Chapter 1.6.3 --- The significance of the present studies --- p.21 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Hyperlipidaemia: relationship to other diseases --- p.23 / Chapter 2.1 --- Atherosclerosis --- p.23 / Chapter 2.2 --- Vascular Insufficiency Diseases --- p.24 / Chapter 2.3 --- Hypertension --- p.25 / Chapter 2.4 --- Diabetes mellitus --- p.26 / Chapter 2.5 --- Thyroid disorders --- p.30 / Chapter 2.6 --- Liver disease --- p.31 / Chapter 2.7 --- Pancreatitis --- p.32 / Chapter 2.8 --- Renal disease --- p.32 / Chapter 2.8.1 --- Nephrotic syndrome --- p.32 / Chapter 2.8.2 --- Chronic renal failure --- p.33 / Chapter 2.8.3 --- Renal transplant patients --- p.33 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Patients and methods in the lipid studies --- p.34 / Chapter 3.1 --- Characteristics of patients with hypertriglyceridaemia in Hong Kong --- p.34 / Chapter 3.2 --- Clinical and laboratory methods to measure the response to drug treatment --- p.37 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Clinical methods to assess the response to drug treatment --- p.37 / Chapter 3.2.1.1 --- History --- p.37 / Chapter 3.2.1.2 --- Physical examination --- p.38 / Chapter 3.2.1.3 --- Clinical measurement --- p.39 / Chapter 3.3 --- The laboratory methods to measure the lipid response to drug treatment --- p.39 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- The methodology for the extended lipid profile --- p.40 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Statistical analysis --- p.41 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Gemfibrozil dose-response study --- p.43 / Chapter 4.1 --- Dose-response study of gemfibrozil in Chinese patients with combined hyperlipidaemia --- p.43 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Introduction --- p.43 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Patients --- p.44 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Results --- p.45 / Chapter 4.1.4 --- Discussion --- p.51 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Gemfibrozil 900 mg tablet study --- p.53 / Chapter 5.1 --- Assessment of the efficacy and tolerability of a new formulation of gemfibrozil as a 900 mg tablet in the treatment of hyperlipidaemia --- p.53 / Chapter 5.2 --- Patients recruited --- p.53 / Chapter 5.3 --- Methods --- p.54 / Chapter 5.4 --- Results --- p.54 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Tolerability --- p.54 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Efficacy --- p.55 / Chapter 5.5 --- Discussion --- p.61 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Bezafibrate study --- p.64 / Chapter 6.1 --- Assessment of the efficacy and tolerability of bezafibrate in the treatment of hyperlipidaemia --- p.64 / Chapter 6.2 --- Introduction --- p.64 / Chapter 6.3 --- Patients --- p.65 / Chapter 6.4 --- Results of bezafibrate study --- p.66 / Chapter 6.4.1. --- Tolerability --- p.66 / Chapter 6.4.2. --- Efficacy --- p.66 / Chapter 6.5. --- Discussion --- p.73 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- Discussion and Conclusions --- p.75 / Chapter 7.1 --- "Introduction: the two study drugs, gemfibrozil and bezafibrate" --- p.75 / Chapter 7.2 --- Gemfibrozil --- p.76 / Chapter 7.3 --- Bezafibrate --- p.77 / Chapter 7.4 --- Conclusion --- p.78 / References --- p.80 / Appendix I. Abstracts relating to these studies from presentations at national and international meetings --- p.93 / Appendix II. Side effect questionnaire used in the studies --- p.95

by Lee Hon Kit. / Thesis (M.Sc.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 80-89). / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Lipids and Lipoproteins --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Chemistry and Classification of Lipids --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Lipoprotein and Apolipoprotein --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.2.1 --- Lipoprotein: Structure and Classification --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.2.2 --- Apolipoprotein: Structure and Function --- p.5 / Chapter 1.1.2.3 --- Lipoprotein (a) and Apolipoprotein (a) --- p.8 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Outline of Lipid and Lipoprotein Metabolism --- p.10 / Chapter 1.1.3.1 --- Exogenous Lipid Metabolism --- p.10 / Chapter 1.1.3.2 --- Endogenous Lipid Pathway --- p.13 / Chapter 1.2 --- "Dyslipidaemia: Definition, Classification and Coronary Heart Disease" --- p.20 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Definition --- p.20 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Classification of Dyslipidaemia --- p.21 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Dyslipidaemia and CHD --- p.24 / Chapter 1.3 --- Dyslipoproteinaemia and Atherogenesis --- p.25 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Pathology and Pathogenesis --- p.25 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Central Role of Oxidised LDL in Atherogenesis --- p.29 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- LDL Heterogeneity and Atherogenesis --- p.37 / Chapter 1.4 --- Management of Dyslipidaemia --- p.41 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Drug therapy --- p.43 / Chapter 1.4.1.1 --- Triglyceride Lowering Drugs --- p.43 / Chapter 1.4.1.2 --- Cholesterol Lowering Drugs --- p.45 / Chapter 1.4.1.3 --- Combination Drug Therapy --- p.46 / Chapter 1.5 --- Aims of this study --- p.49 / Chapter 2. --- Materials and Methods --- p.50 / Chapter 2.1 --- Materials --- p.50 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Patients and Controls --- p.50 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Drug Administration Trials --- p.51 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Blood Samples --- p.52 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Chemicals and Solutions --- p.52 / Chapter 2.1.5 --- Apparatus and Equipments --- p.52 / Chapter 2.2 --- Methods --- p.54 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- "Serum Cholesterol, Triglyceride and High Density Lipoprotein cholesterol" --- p.54 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- "Apolipoprotein AI, B-100 and Lipoprotein (a) Assays" --- p.54 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Ultracentrifugation of LDL Fraction --- p.55 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- In Vitro Assessment of LDL Oxidisability --- p.55 / Chapter 2.2.4.1 --- De-Salting of LDL Fraction --- p.55 / Chapter 2.2.4.2 --- Continuously Diene Formation Monitoring --- p.56 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- LDL Particle Size --- p.56 / Chapter 2.2.6 --- Statistical Analysis --- p.57 / Chapter 3. --- Results --- p.59 / Chapter 3.1 --- Quantitative Measurement of apo B-100 --- p.59 / Chapter 3.2 --- "Associations between Serum Triglyceride, LDL Particle Size and LDL Oxidisability" --- p.60 / Chapter 3.3 --- "Effect of single drug and combination drug therapy on lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins" --- p.64 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Quantitative Changes of Lipids and Lipoproteins --- p.64 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Qualitative changes of LDL particles --- p.65 / Chapter 4. --- Discussion --- p.74 / Chapter 4.1 --- "Associations between Triglyceride concentration, HDL Cholesterol concentration, LDL oxidisability and Particle Size" --- p.74 / Chapter 4.2 --- Effects of Fluvastatin and Gemfibrozil on Combined Hyperlipidaemic Patients --- p.76

Lee Kwing Chin, Kenneth. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 298-357). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

by Zhang Ze Sheng. / "October 2001." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 157-174). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:49:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-12-31 / Objetivo: Verificar as possíveis alterações provocadas pelos exercícios de força sobre a adiposidade periférica e visceral, perfil lipídico, glicídico e respostas hormonais, após doze semanas de intervenção, em adolescentes obesos. Métodos: Foram selecionados 126 adolescentes, de ambos os gêneros, com idade entre 14 e 19 anos, sedentários, e índice de massa corporal (IMC)95th; distribuídas em quatro grupos: controle (sem exercício físico), recreação, exercícios aeróbios e exercícios de força. Realizaram exercícios físicos durante 12 semanas, três sessões semanais com duração de uma hora. O grupo recreação não controlou a intensidade do treinamento, aeróbio treinou na intensidade do Limiar Ventilatório-I, o grupo força treinou a 70% de uma repetição máxima (1RM). A gordura corporal total, subcutânea e massa livre de gordura foram avaliadas por absorciometria de feixe duplo de raios-X (DEXA), a gordura visceral por ultrassonografia. O perfil lipídico pelo método de comparativo calorimétrico e o perfil hormonal por radioimunoinsaio. Resultados: Em relação à composição corporal, após doze semanas de tratamento, o treinamento de força promoveu uma redução significativa no IMC, massa corporal, gordura visceral e subcutânea nos meninos. No grupo aeróbio também observamos uma redução significativa na massa corporal, gordura corporal e subcutânea de meninos e somente gordura corporal em meninas. Houve preservação de massa magra em todos os grupos e gêneros. Quanto ao perfil lipídico, o treinamento aeróbio diminuiu o colesterol total e LDL-c em ambos os gêneros. A atividade de recreação reduziu os níveis plasmáticos de glicose e insulina, bem como o HOMA, somente nas meninas. Conclusões: Após 12 semanas de treinamento os exercícios de força foram mais eficientes em meninos, sobre a composição corporal, enquanto que para colesterou total e LDL-c o exercício aeróbio foi mais eficiente em ambos os gêneros. / Objective: Verify the possible changes promote by strength exercise to visceral and periferic adipose tissue, lipidic profile, glucose and hormonal aswers, after twelvy weeks of intervention, in obese adolescents Methods: was select 126 adolescents, both genders, aged between 14and 19 years, and body mass index (BMI) 95 th, distributed in four groups: control (no exercise), leasure activity, aerobic exercise and strength exercise. They performed physical exercise for 12 weeks, 3 sessions each week, with 1hour of duration. Training intensity was not controlled in the leasure activity group, aerobic group training was at intensity corresponding to ventilatory threeshold – I, strength exercise was performed at 70% of 1 Maximun Repetition. Total body fat, subcutaneous fat and lean body mass was assessed by whole-body dual-energy X-ray absormetry scan (DEXA), visceral adipose tissue assessed by ultrassonography. Lipidic profile was measured by calorimetry and hormonals assays by radioimmunoassay. Results: Relation to body composition, after treatment, strength training promoted significant decreased in the BMI, body mass, visceral and subcutaneous fat in boys. Aerobic training promoted same changes in boys and girls. There was lean body mass preservation in both genders in all groups. Aerobic training decreased total cholesterol and LDL – c in both genders. The leasure physical activity reduced the blood levels of glucose and insulin, ass well in HOMA, only in girls. Conclusions: Strength training was the more effective to promote changes in body composition in boys. However to total cholesterol and LDL – c aerobic training is better in both genders. / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

Conclusion. We observed a small but independent effect of soy intake and lipid lowering effect, even after taking into account the other important predicting factors - initial cholesterol, body composition, physical activity, dietary intake and age. The beneficial effect between soy protein intake and lipid profile were observed even with this relatively low level of soy protein consumption suggests that the effect of soy protein supplement use on lipid profile may be much greater than those observed here. The results of our study add to the existing evidence that soy protein may be beneficial in human lipid profile. Our data will be useful for planning effective education programs as well as providing background information for further interventional studies to prevent coronary heart disease. / Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is the major cause of death in most developed countries and is rapidly increasing in developing countries. Recent studies showed that natural menopause confers a threefold increase in CHD risk. While many risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity and physical inactivity contribute to the risk for CHD, lipid abnormalities are the major factor. Hyperlipidemia plays a central role in the atherosclerotic process. Recent studies showed that consuming soy, a food containing large amounts of soy protein, improves the plasma lipoprotein profile by decreasing total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides as well as increasing HDL level. Although soy is a main component of traditional Asian food, many of the studies on soy consumption have been conducted in Caucasian populations (table 1.2), among whom soy intake is rather low or almost nil, it was difficult to explore the association of soy protein intake and lipid profile in those populations. Soy products such as tofu and soymilk are traditional Chinese foods. With the changing dietary pattern, it gives rise to a range of intake from traditional to modern and increasing incidence of cardiovascular disease Hong Kong poses a unique opportunity for the investigation of the relation between soy protein intake and lipid profile. / For baseline age stratified subgroup analysis, our study results showed no association between soy protein intake and lipid pro file in women whose baseline age younger than 55.3 years old, but we did observe a positive association in women belonging to older subgroup. In the 12-month follow up analysis, for women whose baseline age was older than 55.3 years (mean age=58.4+/-2.1), after controlling for the potential confounders, soy protein intake was significantly associated with HDL cholesterol concentration (Linear Regression p=0.033, ANCOVA=0.011, P value for trend p=0.014), total cholesterol/HDL ratio (Linear Regression p=0.045) and LDL/HDL ratio (Linear Regression p=0.037). Similar observation was observed in the yearly change rate of HDL in 24-month follow up (Linear Regression p=0.047, P value for trend p=0.043). / For women whose initial cholesterol level was higher or equal to 200mg/dL, in our 2-year longitudinal analysis, after controlling for the potential confounders, soy protein intake was significantly associated with HDL (Linear Regression p=0.041) and cholesterol/HDL ratio (ANCOVA=0.022). We also observed a statistically significant trend for higher HDL cholesterol (p=0.038), with an increase of 11.4g in soy protein intake between the 1st and 3rd tertiles, our data showed a 3.8% increase in HDL. / In the 12-month longitudinal analyses, after controlling for the potential confounders, soy protein intake was significantly associated with HDL concentration (Linear Regression p=0.036). We also observed a statistically significant trend for higher HDL cholesterol (p=0.036), with an increase of 10.9g in soy protein intake between the 1st and 3rd tertiles, our data showed a 7.9% increase in HDL. / Methods. 307 women aged between 48 to 62 years were recruited from community subjects residing in housing estates in Shatin. Women within the first 12 years of menopause, with no history of malabsorption syndromes, chronic liver kidney diseases, parathyroid diseases, gastric operation or cancer and without currently taking lipid lowering therapy were included in the study. We estimated the dietary intake of soy foods and other key nutrients by using quantitative food frequency method. We recorded serum values of fasting cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides as well as other covariance measurement. Soy protein consumption was categorized as tertiles of intake and related to lipid profile. / Objectives. In order to study the relation between soy protein intake and lipid profile in the early postmenopausal Chinese women in Hong Kong, we conducted the study from February 2000 to February 2002, as a part of the population-based soy consumption and bone mineral density study. The hypothesis to be tested is that high intake of dietary soy protein has a beneficial effect on lipid profile in the early postmenopausal Chinese women in Hong Kong. / Results. In our cross-sectional analysis, our findings showed that habitual dietary soy protein intake had a weak but statistically significant correlation with triglyceride concentration (Linear Regression p=0.045, ANCOVA p=0.045 P value for trend p=0.023), and the soy protein beneficial effects were more pronounced in women whose % of total body fat were higher than 33.4%. After controlling for the potential confounders, soy protein intake was significantly associated with triglyceride concentration (Linear Regression p=0.048, P value for trend =0.021), the average decrease in triglycerides were 24.6% and 29.1 % in the 2nd and 3rd tertile compared with the 1st tertile respectively. / Lam Siu Hung. / "February 2006." / Adviser: Ho Suzanne Sutying. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-11, Section: B, page: 6300. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 181-191). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

<p>Doktorsku disertaciju čine tri celine kojima je zajednički element ispitivanje fenola, u pogledu njihovog sadržaja i dostupnosti u dijetetskim suplementima na bazi grožđa i japanskog troskota, ispitivanja uticaja suplementacije kod eksperimentalnih životinja, odnosno mogućnosti ekstrakcije fenolnih jedinjenja iz komine grožđa. Osnovni ciljevi prvog dela bili su ispitivanje bezbednosti i kvaliteta 14 suplemenata na bazi grožđa i japanskog troskota u pogledu ujednačenosti mase, sadržaja i brzine rastvorljivosti. U drugom delu je radi provere terapijske delotvornosti suplementa koji sadrži čist resveratrol ispitan njegov uticaj na glikemiju i lipidni status eksperimentalnih životinja. Treći deo je obuhvatio analizu pet različitih komina grožđa i razvoj metode ekstrakcije fenola iz odabrane komine kako bi se dobili ekstrakti sa &scaron;to je moguće većim prinosom, koristeći rastvarače koji su bezbedni po ljudsko zdravlje. Rezultati su pokazali da dva od četrnaest suplemenata nisu ispunila zahteve farmakopeje za lekove u pogledu ujednačenosti mase i sadržaja aktivne komponente, dok ni jedan suplement nije ispunio zahteve u pogledu brzine rastvorljivosti aktivne supstance, zbog čega se postavlja pitanje delotvornosti ispitanih suplemenata. Ni kod jednog suplementa nisu kvantifikovani ostaci pesticida ni toksični metali, čime je potvrđena njihova bezbednost. Farmakodinamska ispitivanja na pacovima pokazala su antioksidantna, anti-dijabetska i hipolipidemijska svojstva dijetetskog suplementa na bazi resveratrola, čime je potvrđena njegova delotvornost. Za potvrdu delotvornosti suplementa na ljudima neophodno je sprovesti dobro dizajnirano kliničko ispitivanje na dovoljnom broju ispitanika. Analiza pet različitih komina grožđa pokazala je da ovaj nusprodukt proizvodnje vina sadrži različite fenole, od kojih je samo katehin bio prisutan u značajnoj količini. Kvalitativan i kvantitativan sastav komine značajno varira zavisno od sorte i berbe grožđa, kao i od primenjenog tehnolo&scaron;kog procesa proizvodnje vina. Imajući u vidu sveobuhvatne kriterijume u pogledu efikasnosti ekstrakcije, zaključeno je da su 55% etanol, odnos uzorak / rastvarač 1:40, pH 4,5, T 55&deg;C i vreme od 30 min optimalni eksperimentalni uslovi za ekstrakciju fenola iz komine grožđa. U zavisnosti od osnovnog cilja procesa ekstrakcije ovi parametri se mogu lako modifikovati. Vi&scaron;estruke su mogućnosti za iskori&scaron;ćenje komine grožđa, a jedan od njih bi mogla biti i da se koristi kao sirovina za izradu dijetetskih suplemenata.</p> / <p>The dissertation consists of three parts with a common element &ndash; testing phenols in terms of content and availability in grape and Polygonum cuspidatum-based dietary supplements, testing the supplement&rsquo;s impact on experimental animals and the possibility to extract phenolic compounds from grape pomace. The primary objectives of the first part were testing safety and quality of fourteen grape and Polygonum cuspidatum-based supplements in terms of uniformity of mass, content and dissolution profile. In the second part, to test the therapeutic efficacy of a supplement containing pure resveratrol, its effect on the glycemia and lipid profile of experimental animals was examined. The third part covers the analysis of five different grape pomaces and the development of a phenol extraction method from the selected grape pomace to obtain extracts with the highest possible yield, using solvents that are safe for human health. The results showed that two out of fourteen supplements have not met the Pharmacopoeia requirements in terms of uniformity of mass and active substance content, while no supplement has met requirements in terms of dissolution test of the active substance, which raises the question of the effectiveness of the tested supplements. No pesticide or heavy metal residues were quantified in any of the supplements which confirms their safety. Pharmacodynamic testing on rats has shown antioxidant, antidiabetic and hypolipidemic properties of the resveratrol-based dietary supplement which confirms its efficacy. In order to confirm the supplement efficacy on people, it is necessary to conduct a well-designed clinical trial on a sufficient number of human participants. The analysis of five different grape pomaces revealed that this byproduct of vine production contains different phenols, and only catechin was present in significant amounts. The qualitative and quantitative composition of grape pomace varies significantly depending on grape variety and harvesting as well as on the technological process that was applied in vine production. Considering the comprehensive criteria in terms of extraction efficacy, it was concluded that optimal experimental conditions for the extraction of phenol from grape pomace include 55% ethanol, sample/solvent ratio 1:40, pH 4.5, T 55&deg;C for 30 minutes. Depending on the primary objective in the extraction process, these parameters can be easily modified. There are multiple possibilities for utilizing grape pomace and one of them could be as raw material in production of dietary supplements.</p>

Liu, Zhi Kai. / Thesis submitted in: December 2006. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 105-117). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract (English version) --- p.i / Abstract (Chinese version) --- p.v / Acknowledgement --- p.vii / Statement of contribution --- p.x / Table of Contents --- p.xi / List of Tables --- p.xv / List of Figures --- p.xviii / List of Abbreviations --- p.xix / Publications arising from this thesis --- p.xxi / Chapter Chapter One --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- "Lipids, lipoproteins and lipid metabolism" --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Cholesterol --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Triglycerides --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Lipoproteins and their metabolic pathways --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2 --- Familial combined hyerlipidemia and combined hyperlipidemia --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3 --- Single nucleotide polymorphisms --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- SNP genotyping methods --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Association of SNPs with genetic diseases --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4 --- Genetic analysis of FCH and CH --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- FCH genome scans --- p.11 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- SNP based candidate gene analysis --- p.11 / Chapter 1.5 --- Candidate genes and SNPs associated with FCH and CH --- p.12 / Chapter 1.5.1 --- Apolipoprotein A1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster --- p.12 / Chapter 1.5.1.1 --- Apolipoprotein A1 gene --- p.15 / Chapter 1.5.1.2 --- Apolipoprotein C3 gene --- p.16 / Chapter ].5.1.3 --- Apolipoprotein A4 gene --- p.17 / Chapter 1.5.1.4 --- Apolipoprotein A5 gene --- p.18 / Chapter 1.5.2 --- Upstream transcription factor 1 gene --- p.24 / Chapter 1.5.3 --- Lipoprotein lipase gene --- p.25 / Chapter 1.5.4 --- Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ gene --- p.26 / Chapter 1.5.5 --- a-adducin gene --- p.27 / Chapter 1.5.6 --- SNPs selected from the haplotype map --- p.27 / Chapter 1.6 --- Objectives --- p.28 / Chapter Chapter Two --- Materials and methods / Chapter 2.1 --- Overview --- p.31 / Chapter 2.2 --- Routine assessments --- p.32 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Genetic hyperlipidemia survey --- p.32 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Physical examinations --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Biochemical measurements --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2.3.1 --- Fasting plasma cholesterol --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2.3.2 --- Fasting plasma triglyceride --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.3.3 --- Fasting plasma glucose --- p.34 / Chapter 2.3 --- Subjects --- p.34 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- FCH cases --- p.34 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- CH cases --- p.35 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Normal controls --- p.36 / Chapter 2.4 --- DNA extraction from blood specimens --- p.36 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Phenol chloroform method --- p.36 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- High pure PCR template preparation kit (Roche) --- p.37 / Chapter 2.5 --- Genotyping by the MassARRAY system --- p.38 / Chapter 2.6 --- Statistical analyses --- p.40 / Chapter 2.6.1 --- Overview --- p.40 / Chapter 2.6.2 --- Student's t-test --- p.41 / Chapter 2.6.3 --- Pearson's Chi-square test --- p.41 / Chapter 2.6.4 --- Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium --- p.41 / Chapter 2.6.5 --- Binary logistic regression test --- p.42 / Chapter 2.6.6 --- Analysis of covariance --- p.43 / Chapter 2.6.7 --- Haplotype analysis --- p.43 / Chapter 2.6.8 --- Bonferroni's correction --- p.44 / Chapter Chapter Three --- Results / Chapter 3.1 --- Overview --- p.46 / Chapter 3.2 --- Characteristics of the study population --- p.47 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- FCH cases versus controls --- p.47 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- CH cases versus controls --- p.50 / Chapter 3.3 --- Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium --- p.52 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- FCH cases and controls --- p.52 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- CH cases and controls --- p.53 / Chapter 3.4 --- APOA1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster --- p.56 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- FCH cases versus controls --- p.56 / Chapter 3.4.1.1 --- Genotypic distribution and allelic frequency --- p.56 / Chapter 3.4.1.2 --- Odds ratio --- p.59 / Chapter 3.4.1.3 --- Parameter analysis --- p.61 / Chapter 3.4.1.4 --- Haplotype analysis --- p.68 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- CH cases versus controls --- p.69 / Chapter 3.4.2.1 --- Genotypic distribution and allelic frequency --- p.69 / Chapter 3.4.2.2 --- Odds ratio --- p.70 / Chapter 3.4.2.3 --- Parameter analysis --- p.74 / Chapter 3.4.2.4 --- Haplotype analysis --- p.83 / Chapter 3.5 --- USF1 gene --- p.84 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- FCH cases versus controls --- p.84 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- CH cases versus controls --- p.85 / Chapter 3.6 --- LPL gene --- p.87 / Chapter 3.6.1 --- FCH cases versus controls --- p.87 / Chapter 3.6.2 --- CH cases versus controls --- p.88 / Chapter 3.7 --- PPARγgene --- p.89 / Chapter 3.7.1 --- FCH cases versus controls --- p.89 / Chapter 3.7.2 --- CH cases versus controls --- p.90 / Chapter 3.8 --- ADD] gene --- p.91 / Chapter 3.8.1 --- FCH cases versus controls --- p.91 / Chapter 3.8.2 --- CH cases versus controls --- p.91 / Chapter Chapter Four --- Discussion / Chapter 4.1 --- Comparisons of the findings with these of other studies --- p.93 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- APOA1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster --- p.93 / Chapter 4.1.1.1 --- APOA1 --- p.93 / Chapter 4.1.1.2 --- APOC3 --- p.94 / Chapter 4.1.1.3 --- APOA4 --- p.96 / Chapter 4.1.1.4 --- APOA4-A5 --- p.96 / Chapter 4.1.1.5 --- APOA5 --- p.97 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- USF1 --- p.101 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- LPL --- p.102 / Chapter 4.1.4 --- PPARγ --- p.102 / Chapter 4.1.5 --- ADD1 --- p.03 / Chapter 4.2 --- Conclusions --- p.103 / Chapter 4.3 --- Implications for future research --- p.104 / References --- p.105