Thesis (M.A. (Clinical Psychology)) --University of Limpopo, 2010 / There is a considerable literature linking aspects of personality, attachment,and identity development. Five hundred and thirty one boarding school learners participated in a study of the relationship between identity, assessed with the Ochse’ Erikson scale (Ochse, 1983; Ochse & Plug, 1986), EPIES (Rosenthal et al., 1981), PIES (Markstrom et al., 1997), and Tan’s Eriksonian Ego Identity (Tan et al., 1977); domicile (rural or urban), and attachment assessed with The Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment Revised (IPPA-R; Gullone, & Robinson, 2005). No relationship was found between domicile, and the development of attachment and identity. Results of the current study revealed no significant relationship between attachment, identity development and home background of individuals. Keyword: Attachment; Identity formation; Internal working models; Exploration; Commitment.

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Communication

La idea que per entendre alguna cosa hem d'entendre el procés pel qual s'ha produït va ser assumida des de l'origen de l'estudi "La construcció de la identitat nacional com a procés de desenvolupament des de la infància a l'adolescència a Catalunya". Per tal d'estudiar el procés de desenvolupament relacionat amb la construcció de la identitat nacional, no és suficient considerar-lo en el seu context social, sinó que és necessari considerar la seva construcció social.Tres objectius principals van orientar el nostre estudi . Primer, indagar si els processos de categorització, identificació, coneixement, imatge, avaluació i afecte són també elements implicats en la construcció de la identitat nacional des de la infància a l'adolescència. Segon investigar el procés de desenvolupament d'aquests elements des dels 6 anys fins als 15 anys per contribuir amb dades a I'explicació sobre com es desenvolupa del coneixement social. Tres són les explicacions principals; la primera que es basa en processos cognitius d'inclusió-decentració; la segona, si aquest desenvolupament es dóna en cercles concèntrics des de I'interior (contextos quotidians) fins a l'exterior (amb intercanvis més amples i una educació formal envers la vida social); i la tercera, si el desenvolupament del coneixement social d'allò més immediat i directe es reorganitzat i adquireix nous significats per la integració dels elements més generals i abstractes. Tercer, donat el fet que el 50% de les famílies tenen el català com a llengua materna, hem estudiat la influència de la llengua o llengües utilitzades en el context familiar en el procés de construcció de la identitat nacional.Es va dissenyar una entrevista individual seguint una estructura amb les parts següents: identificació subjectiva i identificació nacional; coneixement dels països; estereotips, avaluació i sentiments, i entorn social. La mostra del present estudi va estar formada per 495 nens i adolescents de 6, 9, 12 i 15 anys d'edat. Es va utilitzar per cada grup un número similar de nens i nenes. La mostra es va dividir en tres grups segons la o les llengües utilitzades pel nen o nena en el seu context familiar.Tres van ser les categones lingüístiques utilitzades: castellà, nens que només utilitzin el castellà a casa; català, nens que només usen el català en el context familiar; i bilingües, nens que utilitzin tots dos idiomes a casa. Aquestes categories lingüístiques s'han utilitzat com a indicador dels contextos familiars.Dues conclusions principals es poden extreure d'aquest estudi. Primer, I'ús de categories nacionals no és una conseqüència del procés cognitiu d'inclusió-decentració ni en cercles concentrics (concret/abstracte). La idea d'un procés del món en paral·lel, d'un coneixement que integra simultàniament creences i sentiments de l'ambient concret o proper i de l'abstracte o llunyà pot explicar millor els nostres resultats. Els nens aprenen i pensen sobre la vida quotidara, les característiques de l'ambient, la informació circulant en el seu entom social i la importància o els diferents nivells de coneixement depenent del context. Els nens integren la informació que està circulant en el seu ambient i construeixen un món que necessàriament no ha de coincidir amb el món deis adults, però que els ajuda a comunicar-se i a entendre les situacions en les quals estan immersos. Els nens més joves són capaços d'utilitzar categories nacionals de manera similar als adolescents.Segon, la identitat nacional a Catalunya es construeix al voltant del nucli de la llengua parlada a casa. A través de tot I'estudi es pot veure un resultat consistent i reiterat. Els infants d'un entom familiar en què s'usa només el castellà s'identifiquen com a pertanyents a tots dos grups nacionals, Espanyol i Català. Els infants d'un entom familiar que utilitzen només el català s'identifiquen com a pertanyents només al grup Català. Aquestes identificacions guien com aquests nens avaluen i senten envers el propi grup nacional i els altres. A més, sembla que el context sòcio-polític és un vehicle important en la transmissió de les estructures de semblances i que I'estructura d'afecte es transmet principalment a través de I'entom familiar. / The study "The construction of national identity as a developmental process from childhood to adolescence in Catalonia" has been carried out within a European study entitled "Children's beliefs and feelings about their own and other national groups in Europe". The idea that to understand something we have to understand the process through which it has been produced it was assumed in the origin of the study. That is, we have to grasp its developmental construction. To study the developmental processes related to the construction of identity, it is not enough to consider them in their social social context, but it is necessary consider their social constructionThree main objectives have oriented our study. First, to ascertain if categorisation process, identification, knowledge, image evaluation and affect are also elements implied in the construction of nacional identity from childhood to adolescence.Second, to assess the developmental process of these elements from 6 to 15 years old in order to contribute to explain if development of social knowledge is related to inclusion and decentration cognitive processes, or in concentric circles from the inner, where the experience with the social object is in the majority at home and in everyday contexts, to the outer, where compromise, wide exchanges and a formal education about social life exist, or children's knowledge of the most immediate and direct is reorganised and acquires new meanings from the integration of more general and abstract elements.Third, knowing that Catalan language has been assumed from several sociological discourse as one of principal characteristics, maybe the most important, that configures the Catalan identity, the influence of the language or languages spoken in the family context in the process of the construction of national identity has been studied, due to the fact that 50% of families have Catalan as a mother tongue.An individual interview was designed with the following structure, eight parts that were grouped into four sections: subjective identification and national identification; knowledge of the countries; stereotypes, evaluation and feelings; and social background.The sample of the present study consisted of 495 children aged 6, 9, 12 and 15 years old. Similar numbers of boys and girls were present in each age group, The sample was broken down by the languages that the children spoke in their family environment. Three linguistic home situation categories were used: Castilian, children who speak only Castilian (Spanish) at home; Catalan, children who speak only Catalan at home; and bilingual, children who speak both languages at home.As first conclusion of this study it can been suggested that children belong to several social groups, and their participation in all them develops their social identity. This social identity is not just singular, on the contrary, it is multiple in nature and the salience of a particular identity depends on context. This idea can explain results showed in chapter six, where 6 years old children used national categories to describe themselves. The context of the subjective identification task created by the rest of the cards presented to the child was clearly national (the majority of the cards had a national category). Children younger than 10-11 years old can use national categories to describe themselves if the national dimension is salient in the context of the interview. So, it can be said that the use of national categories is neither a consequence of the cognitive processes of inclusion-decentration nor concentric circles (concrete/abstract).Also, results reported in chapter show how even youger children, choose the card to describe themselves depending on the social family context where they are growing up. And how they are able to choose a card in the coomparative national identificaton task (i.e. Catalan vs. Spanish), with all the complexity implied.So, the idea of a process of a parallel construction of the world, of simultaneously integrated knowledge, beliefs and feelings of the concrete or closer environment, and of the abstract or far away world, can better explain our data. Children learn and think about everyday life, about the characteristics of our environment, the information circulating in our social context, and the importance or otherwise of the different levels of knowledge, depending on the context. Children integrate the information that is circulating in their environment and they construct a world that does not necessarily coincide with the adult world, but which helps the children to communicate and to understand the situations in which they are immersed. Children of younger ages are able to use nacional categories in the same way adolescents.As second main point it can be concluded that national identity in Catalonia is constructed around the nucleus of the language that children speak at home. Through all the study a consistent result can be seen, Castilian speaking children identify themselves as belonging to both national groups, that is Spanish and Catalan, and Catalan speakers identify themselves as only belonging to the Catalan group and how evatuate and feel about the own group and the other. Results reported in chapter 8 show that the language spoken at home seems not to be an impotant vehicle of transmission of the structure of similarities as the socio-political context, on the contrary the affect structure is transmited by the family environment.To know the contents and meanings of these national categories used by the children and how these rneanings and contents change with age needs more research m the future.

Project (Ed.S.)--James Madison University, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wyoming, 2008. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on Mar. 9, 2010). Includes bibliographical references (p. 50).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 268-284). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 198-215). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

One of the most salient characteristics of Cervantes's literary production is his fascination, one might even say his obsession, with the human capacity for transformation. Nearly all of his plays, novellas, and novels feature characters that adopt alternative identities and disguise or dissimulate their true, original selves. The Novelas ejemplares (1613) encompass a veritable cornucopia of characters that pass themselves off as another. There are women who pass as men, Christians as Turks, Catholics as Protestants, and noblemen as gypsies, among many others. Identity, or at least its appearance, is represented as fluid and malleable. By creatively controlling the signs that they project in public, the characters of the novellas demonstrate a remarkable ability to adapt to innumerable contingencies. Similarly, subjects of the Spanish empire, driven particularly by ethno-religious and socio-economic motives, utilized craft and guile to conceal their identity or simulate another. On a theoretical level, both in Spain and throughout Europe, intellectuals explored the human capacity for transformation, and there emerged a new sense of interiority. As Stephen Greenblatt observes, in the Renaissance, "there appears to be an increased self-consciousness about the fashioning of human identity as a manipulable, artful process" (2). In this study I examine the abundance of deceit and disguise in Cervantes's collection of twelve novellas within the work's sociohistorical context. Specifically, I analyze how the novellas are embedded in two particular threads of cultural discourse on human identity: Spanish social history and early modern European intellectual history. / text

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