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Abstract Female immigrants from China and south-east Asia who migrate to Taiwan through marriage has showed significant percentage increases in the population of Taiwan. The majority are married to those who are relatively low-educated and in financial difficulties in Taiwan, so the marriage is often thought to be an exchange of money. As the result, among the mass media, it is commonly seen that they are unfairly treated when reported by the mass media in Taiwan. Owing to a closer attention of the public on the race issues in recent years, the government is actively legislating to ensure the legal rights for the immigrants in Taiwan. Regulated by law, in some researches, the mass media are also found to present a positive image of the female immigrants in their reports. Considering the time and environment differences, this research mainly focuses on the image changing of the female immigrants in Taiwan among the mass media and the social exclusion they have caused. This research takes Content Analysis as the study method to have the complete knowledge of the related news of the female immigrants from China Times, The Liberty Times in, and Apple Daily in the last three years (2008~2011). The following are the issues discussed in this research: 1. How does print media describe female immigrants? 2. What is the image construction of female immigrants in print media? 3. What is the relation between social exclusion and image construction of female immigrants in print media? In this research, it is found that the image construction of the female immigrants in Taiwan by the newspaper is still presented negatively in most cases. The report direction, topic and image are still giving a negative message on the image construction of the female immigrants in Taiwan. In these reports, they are considered as the belongings of men and the underprivileged minority with low socioeconomic status and suffer from the racial discrimination. In addition, by the cultural exclusion, the female immigrants in Taiwan are excluded from the social system. Although the government are legislating the civil rights to reduce the exclusion, due to the unfavorable image on the media and the amendments of the policies waiting to be approved, it still can¡¦t prevent the female immigrants from being excluded culturally, legally, and even economically. Key words: female immigrants in Taiwan, social construction, social exclusion, content analysis, media image construction.

This study is an inquiry into the phenomenon of &lsquo / architectural scenario&rsquo / generally understood as architect&rsquo / s temporal projections about his/her real product: the edifice. The means of architectural representation are utilized to display the architect&rsquo / s projections in advance of the realization of an edifice. They can also be considered as tangible products to reveal the &lsquo / architectural scenario&rsquo / . The aim of this study is to examine verbal/written and visual modes of &lsquo / architectural scenario&rsquo / through a historical survey and to uncover its various definitions and interpretations. While elaborating on this issue cinema/filmmaking is used as a paradigm for comprehending the architectural scenario as the process of image construction. &lsquo / Architectural scenario&rsquo / is explored in the frame of architectural representation. This thesis is a reconsideration of the architectural production in terms of conceptualizing &lsquo / AS&rsquo / , which is inherently valid in the form making processes.

Chinese propaganda nowadays is focused on producing soft-sell messages international consumption instead of hard-core propaganda of agitation. emphasis on "image design" as Jiang Zemin coined it, rather than on propagation of Communist ideals. This shift from the past is brought government's new publicity strategy masterminded by Deng Xiaoping. strategy Chinese media have been enlisted in the ideological construction national images. Image construction for the nation-state has become the Chinese government and its news media in terms of international communication. This shift is symbolic of the rapid changes taking place in China. I draw Andrew Wernick's notion of "promotional culture" (1991) to describe changes, and in particular, their impact on government publicity, domestic reporting, and international journalism in China. I argue that a form of "promotional culture" has made a positive impact on government publicity as much on international journalism in China. The shift of focus in propaganda more of a government initiative than a spontaneous pursuit of international journalism in China. The latter still practices government scripts rather creative in form and diversified in content as is domestic reporting. This examines government publicity materials and news media reports concerning Beijing's Olympic campaign to reveal this extension of promotional government publicity and its implications for Chinese journalism.

A atuação da imprensa no escândalo político de 2005 é o ponto de partida deste estudo. A quebra de expectativa ética no campo político _ a denúncia de que integrantes do PT e do governo compravam votos de parlamentares _ representou para a mídia um acontecimento de grande importância noticiosa. Investida da sua missão de fiscalizar a atividade política e evidenciando o aspecto moral do caso, a imprensa enfatizou o seu espaço de poder, na medida em que fez do evento um problema com ampla visibilidade pública. Esse tipo de comportamento colaborou para acirrar o que chamamos de uma disputa pela construção de imagens. Com o escândalo, atores políticos procuraram participar da arena midiática, oferecendo entendimentos para o caso. Para uma análise mais sistemática da construção de imagens, adotamos o conceito de agendamento e enquadramento midiático. Num primeiro momento, buscamos identificar o grau de importância que o escândalo do mensalão teve na imprensa e, em seguida, os tipos de perspectivas interpretativas adotadas. Focamos o estudo nas reportagens do Jornal Nacional da Tv Globo, na sua tarefa de cobrir o evento, e nos discursos do presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva que procurou se contrapor ou até mesmo sustentar alguns entendimentos públicos do caso. Os resultados demonstram que o JN utilizou predominantemente enquadramentos de responsabilização, com seu forte aspecto moral, enquanto Lula procurou reforçar a perspectiva quanto ao seu comportamento ético. As matérias do JN sobre o presidente enfatizaram, na maioria das vezes, as características pessoais de Lula como autoridade política / The starting point of this study is the roll played by the press in the 2005 political scandal. The breach of an ethical expectation in the political field _ the denouncement that PT and government members had been buying votes from the parliament _ resulted in an event of great importance for the media. Taking its mission of supervising the political activity, and bringing to light the moral aspect of the case, the press enhanced its field of influence, while turning the event into an issue of wide visibility to the public. Such behavior contributed to deepen what we call a dispute for the image construction. With the scandal, political actors pursued to participate in the mediatic field, coming up with understandings of the case. For a more systematic analysis of the image construction, we have adopted the concepts of agenda-setting and media framing. At first, we aimed at identifying what degree of importance the "mensalão" scandal had in the press and, thereafter, what types of interpretative perspectives were adopted. We focused the study on the reports of TV Globos Jornal Nacional, in its task of covering the event, and on president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silvas speeches, in which he attempted to oppose or even sustain some public understandings of the case. The results demonstrate that JN used mainly responsibility framings, with its strong moral aspect, while Lula sought to reinforce the perspective of his ethical behavior. JNs reports on the president emphasized, most of the time, Lula's personal characteristics as a political authority

A atuação da imprensa no escândalo político de 2005 é o ponto de partida deste estudo. A quebra de expectativa ética no campo político _ a denúncia de que integrantes do PT e do governo compravam votos de parlamentares _ representou para a mídia um acontecimento de grande importância noticiosa. Investida da sua missão de fiscalizar a atividade política e evidenciando o aspecto moral do caso, a imprensa enfatizou o seu espaço de poder, na medida em que fez do evento um problema com ampla visibilidade pública. Esse tipo de comportamento colaborou para acirrar o que chamamos de uma disputa pela construção de imagens. Com o escândalo, atores políticos procuraram participar da arena midiática, oferecendo entendimentos para o caso. Para uma análise mais sistemática da construção de imagens, adotamos o conceito de agendamento e enquadramento midiático. Num primeiro momento, buscamos identificar o grau de importância que o escândalo do mensalão teve na imprensa e, em seguida, os tipos de perspectivas interpretativas adotadas. Focamos o estudo nas reportagens do Jornal Nacional da Tv Globo, na sua tarefa de cobrir o evento, e nos discursos do presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva que procurou se contrapor ou até mesmo sustentar alguns entendimentos públicos do caso. Os resultados demonstram que o JN utilizou predominantemente enquadramentos de responsabilização, com seu forte aspecto moral, enquanto Lula procurou reforçar a perspectiva quanto ao seu comportamento ético. As matérias do JN sobre o presidente enfatizaram, na maioria das vezes, as características pessoais de Lula como autoridade política / The starting point of this study is the roll played by the press in the 2005 political scandal. The breach of an ethical expectation in the political field _ the denouncement that PT and government members had been buying votes from the parliament _ resulted in an event of great importance for the media. Taking its mission of supervising the political activity, and bringing to light the moral aspect of the case, the press enhanced its field of influence, while turning the event into an issue of wide visibility to the public. Such behavior contributed to deepen what we call a dispute for the image construction. With the scandal, political actors pursued to participate in the mediatic field, coming up with understandings of the case. For a more systematic analysis of the image construction, we have adopted the concepts of agenda-setting and media framing. At first, we aimed at identifying what degree of importance the "mensalão" scandal had in the press and, thereafter, what types of interpretative perspectives were adopted. We focused the study on the reports of TV Globos Jornal Nacional, in its task of covering the event, and on president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silvas speeches, in which he attempted to oppose or even sustain some public understandings of the case. The results demonstrate that JN used mainly responsibility framings, with its strong moral aspect, while Lula sought to reinforce the perspective of his ethical behavior. JNs reports on the president emphasized, most of the time, Lula's personal characteristics as a political authority

La presente tesis tiene como tema la identificación de las características del discurso satírico en la construcción de la imagen del expresidente Alejandro Toledo Manrique en los sketches presentados en el programa humorístico “El especial del humor”. El objetivo general es analizar los elementos que componen este discurso satírico a partir de la identificación de recursos verbales y no verbales que integraron la narrativa de la puesta en escena. Para tal fin, el método seguido fue el análisis de contenido de los sketches, los cuales fueron publicados vía páginas de YouTube que realizaron una recopilación de los mismos. La selección de las grabaciones respondió a los diferentes escenarios donde Toledo Manrique participó como político y ciudadano común –por ejemplo, en espacios privados como su habitación o un paseo familiar–. Ya en la puesta escena, y para la identificación de los distintos elementos que se incluyeron en la misma, se consideró clave la mención de la caracterización de los personajes, así como las palabras que formaron parte de un lenguaje vulgar e inapropiado, el cual fue expresado por el actor que dio vida a la figura del expresidente. Tras procesar estos componentes de análisis, el principal hallazgo de esta investigación es que elementos como la ridiculización y exageración, que son parte de un discurso satírico, se mezclan con expresiones discriminatorias que podrían desvirtuar el fin reflexivo de la sátira. / The subject of this document is to identify characteristics of the satirical discourse in the construction of the image of former president Alejandro Toledo Manrique in the sketches presented in the humorous program “El especial del humor”. The general objective is to analyze the elements that formed part of this satirical discourse from the identification of verbal and non-verbal resources that were included in the narrative of the staging. For this purpose, the method followed was the content analysis of the sketches, which were published through a YouTube pages that made a compilation of them. The selection of the recordings responded to the different scenarios where Toledo Manrique participated as a politician and a common citizen –for example, in private spaces such as his room or a family meeting–. Already in the staging, and for the identification of the different elements that were included in it, two points were considered important: the mention of the characterization of the characters as well as the words that were part of a vulgar and inappropriate language expressed by the actor who played the character of the former president. After processing these analysis components, the main finding of this research is that elements such as ridicule and exaggeration, which are part of a satirical discourse, are mixed with discriminatory expressions that could undermine the reflective purpose of satire. / Tesis

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