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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Efeitos do parapoxvirus ovis inativado sobre eventos da resposta imune inata em camundongos / Effects of inactivated parapoxvirus ovis in events of the innate immune response in mice

Anziliero, Deniz 08 November 2013 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The immunostimulatory properties of inactivated parapoxvirus ovis (iPPVO) have been investigated in different animal species and experimental settings. This study investigated the effects of administration of iPPVO on selected events of the innate response in mice. Neutrophil activation, phagocytic activity of macrophages, serum bactericidal activity, induction and antiviral activity of interferon type I (IFN - I) and expression of several classes of cytokines were assayed following intraperitoneal inoculation of Mus musculus with iPPVO (107 TCID50). Serum from iPPVO-treated animals showed IFN-I activity against murine encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) between 6 and 12 hours post infection (hpi), as shown by plaque reduction. A significant activation of neutrophils at 6hpi was observed by NBT reduction test in animals treated with the iPPVO. Peritoneal macrophages from mice treated with iPPVO demonstrated a significant increase (p<0.01) in phagocytic activity against Candida albicans both in vivo (between 12 and 96 hpi) and in vitro (24 and 72 hpi). iPPVO treated mice showed increased serum bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli (p<0.05) at two periods (24 and 72 hpi). A second study evaluated the expression of cytokines in response to inoculation of iPPVO. For this, spleens and serum samples were collected from mice treated with iPPVO at different intervals after inoculation and subjected to quantification of messenger RNA (mRNA) by real time PCR (qRT-PCR) and detection/quantification of serum cytokines by ELISA. Quantification of mRNA identified a significant and transient increase in the expression of various cytokines, with variable magnitude and kinetics. mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-8) peaked at 24 hpi (5.4 times increase) and 48 hpi (3 and 10 times, respectively). A 15-fold increase in expression of INF-γ and 6-fold for IL-12 was observed at 48 and 24 hpi, respectively. An increase in the expression of self-regulatory cytokines (Th2) cells, especially IL-10 and IL-4 was detected at later periods (72 and 96 hpi) with peaks of 4.7 and 4.9 fold, respectively. The determination of the concentration of serum cytokines by ELISA showed an increase in IL-1β, TNF-α, IL- 12, IFN-γ and IL-10 with kinetics similar to that observed by qPCR, especially for IL-1 and INF-γ. In summary, these results demonstrate that inoculation with iPPVO stimulates transiently a number events associated with cellular and humoral innate immune responses. If taken together, these effects would likely contribute for the enhanced resistance to certain pathogens observed in animals treated with iPPVO. / As propriedades imunoestimulatórias do Parapoxvirus ovis inativado (iPPVO) têm sido verificadas em diferentes espécies animais e condições experimentais. No presente trabalho foram investigados os efeitos da administração do iPPVO sobre eventos da resposta inata de camundongos. Ativação de neutrófilos, atividade fagocítica de macrófagos, atividade bactericida do soro, indução e atividade antiviral do interferon tipo I (INF-I) e expressão de várias classes de citocinas foram investigados em diferentes intervalos após inoculação de Mus musculus pela via intraperitonial com iPPVO (dose 107 TCID50). O soro de animais tratados com iPPVO apresentou atividade de INF-I frente ao vírus da encefalomiocardite murina (EMCV) entre 6 e 12 horas pós inoculação (hpi), como demonstrado pela redução significativa de formação de placas virais. Uma significativa ativação dos neutrófilos circulantes foi observada pela técnica de redução do NBT em animais tratados com o iPPVO às 6 hpi. Macrófagos peritoneais de camundongos tratados com iPPVO demonstraram um aumento significativo (p<0,01) na atividade fagocítica frente a Candida albicans tanto in vivo (entre 12 e 96 hpi) quanto in vitro (24 e 72hpi). Camundongos tratados com iPPVO apresentaram aumento na atividade bactericida do soro frente à Escherichia coli (p<0,05) em dois períodos avaliados (24 e 72 hpi). Um segundo estudo avaliou a expressão de citocinas em resposta à inoculação do iPPVO. Para isso, amostras de baço e soro foram coletados de camundongos tratados com iPPVO em diferentes intervalos após a inoculação e submetidas a quantificação de RNA mensageiro (RNAm) por PCR em tempo real (qRT-PCR) e detecção/quantificação de citocinas no soro por ELISA. A quantificação de RNAm permitiu detectar um aumento significativo e transitório da expressão de várias citocinas, com magnitude e cinética variáveis. A expressão de RNAm das citocinas pró-inflamatórias (IL-1β, TNF-α e IL-8) atingiu o pico às 24 hpi (aumento de 5,4 vezes), 48 hpi (3 e 10 vezes, respectivamente). Um aumento de 15 vezes na expressão gênica do INF-γ, e de 6 vezes para a IL-12 foi observado às 48 e 24 hpi, respectivamente. Um incremento na expressão das citocinas auto-regulatórias (Th2), principalmente IL-10 e IL-4, foi detectado em períodos mais tardios (72 e 96 hpi) com picos de 4,7 e 4,9 vezes, respectivamente. A determinação da concentração das citocinas séricas por ELISA revelou um aumento nos níveis de IL-1β, TNF- α, IL-12, INF-γ e IL-10, com uma cinética similar à observada pela técnica de qPCR, especialmente para IL-1β e INF-γ. Em resumo, esses resultados demonstram que o tratamento com iPPVO estimula de forma significativa e transitória uma série de eventos celulares e humorais ligados à resposta imune inata. Esses efeitos, se considerados em conjunto, provavelmente contribuem para o aumento da magnitude da resposta imunológica a certos patógenos observada em animais tratados com o iPPVO.
12

Apport de la transcriptomique dans la compréhension et la prise en charge des états septiques sévères / Transcriptomic contribution in the understanding and management of severe septic states

Turrel Davin, Fanny 07 April 2011 (has links)
Les états septiques demeurent un réel problème de santé publique. Depuis 20 ans, leur mortalité est restée globalement constante en dépit d'une meilleure prise en charge initiale des patients et de nombreux essais cliniques. Parmi les défaillances d'organes provoquées par les états septiques, une profonde immunodépression se met en place après la phase initiale de la maladie. Son amplitude et sa persistance dans le temps, variables d'un patient à l'autre, semblent associées à un risque accru d'infections nosocomiales et de décès secondaire. Aussi, un des challenges actuels est d'explorer de nouvelles pistes thérapeutiques immunostimulantes pour les patients septiques les plus immunodéprimés. En l'absence de signe clinique de cet état, l'identification et la validation de nouveaux biomarqueurs contribuera sans doute à la mise en place de thérapies ciblées et individualisées. Notre travail s'inscrit dans ce contexte. L'objectif était d'utiliser le niveau d'expression génique comme outil de monitorage clinique et de recherche en physiopathologie. Nous avons donc conduit un travail de recherche translationnelle alliant études cliniques (lymphopénie, apoptose) et expérimentales basées sur un modèle de tolérance à l'endotoxine dans lequel nous avons testé différentes options thérapeutiques. Nous avons validé l'hypothèse de travail en montrant qu'un panel d'ARNm, mesurable dans le sang total des patients, devrait permettre à la fois d'identifier les patients qui pourraient bénéficier de thérapeutiques immunostimulantes et d'en contrôler l'efficacité dans la restauration des fonctions immunitaires / Septic syndromes remain a real public health issue. For 20 years, despite improvements in early management of patients and despite a number of clinical trials, the rate of mortality due to septic syndrome has remained broadly constant. After the initial phase of sepsis, patients rapidly exhibit profound immunodepression. Amplitude and duration of this state vary between patients and appear to be associated with increased risk of nosocomial infections and secondary deaths. One of the current challenges is to develop novel immunostimulant therapeutics for the most immunocompromised septic patients. Development of biomarkers will allow patient stratification and will undoubtedly contribute to the development of appropriately targeted and individualized therapies. The goal of our study was to evaluate the potential of gene expression level for clinical monitoring and for research in pathophysiology. We conducted translational research by combining experimental data with clinical studies (lymphopenia, apoptosis). We used endotoxin tolerance as a model to test different therapeutic options. Our data confirmed that expression levels of a panel of mRNAs, measured in the whole blood of patients, is a powerful tool for patient stratification and the monitoring of the effect of immunostimulant therapy on the immune system

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