Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2016-10-05T19:02:56Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação - Geisa Beyer Bacellar.pdf: 4665683 bytes, checksum: dcd28fdcf77c36df8a36218ce04f4065 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-05T19:02:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação - Geisa Beyer Bacellar.pdf: 4665683 bytes, checksum: dcd28fdcf77c36df8a36218ce04f4065 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-11 / capes / O presente trabalho trata da aplicação do Estudo de Impacto de Vizinhança – EIV como instrumento que analisa as implicações ambientais e urbanísticas de um empreendimento urbano. O objetivo do presente é mostrar que, como espécie de Avaliação de Impactos Ambientais – AIA, o EIV deve averiguar as consequências ambientais diretas e indiretas da implantação de empreendimentos no meio ambiente urbano, aqui conceituado como socionatureza, englobando os aspectos naturais, artificiais e sociais da cidade. Objetivou-se demonstrar, ademais, que as legislações atualmente vigentes na seara urbanística não tratam o EIV como instrumento de análise ambiental, destacando para ele apenas os impactos estritamente urbanos de atividades e empreendimentos. Para tanto, além da pesquisa legislativa, doutrinária e da análise de Estudos de Impacto de Vizinhança realizados na cidade de Salvador, foram realizadas entrevistas com especialistas de distintas áreas, o que culminou na criação de categorias de análise para elaboração de questionário que foi aplicado a profissionais da área de meio ambiente e urbanismo. Ao final, restou concluído que o Estudo de Impacto de Vizinhança, embora seja reconhecido quase que unanimemente como espécie de avaliação de impactos ambientais, ainda não está sendo como tal devidamente aplicado. / This dissertation deals with the application of the Neighborhood Impact Study - NIS as a tool that analyzes the both environmental and urban implications of a given urban project. Its purpose is to show that, as a form of the Assessment of Environmental Impacts - AIE, the NIS should ascertain the direct and indirect environmental effects of the implementation of projects in the urban environment, conceptualized, in this paper, as socionature, encompassing the natural, artificial and social aspects of the city. Furthermore, another purpose was to demonstrate that the currently existing laws on urban aspects do not address the NIS as an instrument of environmental analysis, emphasizing only the strictly urban impacts of activities and ventures. To this end, in addition to legislative and doctrinal research as well as the Neighborhood Impact Study analysis conducted in the city of Salvador, interviews were conducted with experts from different areas, which culminated in the creation of categories of analysis in order to make a questionnaire that was applied to professionals from the field of environment and urbanism. In the end, it was concluded that although the Neighborhood Impact Study is recognized almost unanimously as an environmental impact assessment, it has not been properly applied as such yet.

All around the globe the consumption of raw materials by the construction industries isaccumulating day by day resulting with an depletion of natural resources, increasing the environmental impacts and CO2 emissions all over the surroundings. Today steel and concrete are widely used and are dominating construction materials in construction industry. These two construction materials are different products and have distinct production flow with significantimpact on the environment. The amount of embodied energy and operational energy which is consumed in the process of production, recycling and reuse are becoming increasingly more important in the construction industries due to the potential shortage of natural resources in thenear by future and due to the inflation in the energy prices. This master’s thesis determines some of the problems of antagonistic environmental impacts due to the use of steel and concrete in the construction industries. To mitigatethese environmental impacts there are two technology and policy strategies summarizedin this thesis. i. Reduce consumption; andii. Material selection to reduce impacts.i. Reduce consumption: All around the globe the consumption of materials is growing day by day with an increase in the population resulting with a depletion of virgin materials. This depletion of virgin materials can be reduced with the help ofrecycling and reuse of the structural members. Recycling of structural members isalready practiced widely than reuse; reuse of the structural members additionallyreduces the consumption of virgin materials. High level of reuse of the structuralmaterials can be achieved by establishing design standards and regulations forstructural sections, and developing a market for reusable structural sections.ii. Material selection to reduce impacts: For the selection of constructionmaterials with minimum impact on the environment the designers needs tohave apropos education or tools. The main areas for augmentation areidentified as education of designers, and standardization and simplification ofselection tools like Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Some of the main recommendations are: LCA tools standardization; reduce the impact sections and make these impact sections comprehendible and integrate uncertainty dataand educating designers about material selection tools with organized programs.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-19T17:47:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lorena Saboya Vieira.pdf: 287547 bytes, checksum: 684a346149f05c27cb25330a8c6cfce7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-25 / Today, one of the most important concerns is the search for the environment balance, where the man becomes possible the perpetuation of his specie in harmony with the nature. Many problems with the destruction of the environment have been elected as priority for the governmental actions. The gradual increase of the solid waste generation and, in special, the health solid waste, is in evidence at the national and international environmental discussion, witch beyond the environmental disequilibrium they can either cause through the inadequate handling risk of epidemiologists alterations and public health exposition. Strategies that make possible the safe waste management had been created with the intention to minimize the environment and sanitary impacts preceding from this special type of residue, with prominence, the rules of the regulating agencies as CONAMA and ANVISA. The city of São Luís, in its turn, regulated the treatment of Health Solid Wast Management by the creation of many laws. However, this regulation is incomplete and unprovided of effectiveness, since the establishments of health disobey what is demanded in the law. In this direction, this thesis aims at to study the scene of the health solid waste in the city of São Luís, as well as all legislation that regulates its. This research tried to contribute with the solution of the problematic by a critical discussion about the current legislation and, also, making suggestions for new regulations more rigorous, specific, educative, effective and, still, with focus on the local reality. The research was based on information supplied by the State and Local Sanitary Secretary, Local Secretary of Public Services and for the State Secretary of Environment. The thesis was built to contribute with the scientific discussion about the rules effectiveness and the performance of the agencies / Uma das principais preocupações modernas é a busca pelo equilíbrio ambiental, de forma que o homem consiga perpetuar sua espécie em harmonia com a natureza. Inúmeros problemas de agressão ao meio ambiente têm sido elencados como prioritários para as ações governamentais. O progressivo aumento da geração de resíduos sólidos e, em especial, dos resíduos de serviços de saúde (RSS), está no foco das discussões ambientais de âmbito nacional e internacional, visto que além do desequilíbrio ambiental que podem acarretar através do manejo inadequado há o risco alarmante de alterações epidemiológicas e da exposição da saúde pública. No âmbito nacional, estratégias que possibilitem o gerenciamento seguro dos RSS foram criadas com o intuito de minimizar os impactos ambientais e sanitários provenientes desse tipo especial de resíduo, destacando-se a legislação dos órgãos reguladores, como CONAMA e ANVISA. O Município de São Luís, por sua vez, disciplinou o tratamento dos RSS através da criação de diversas leis. No entanto, essa regulamentação é incompleta e desprovida de efetividade, posto que há um descumprimento, por parte dos estabelecimentos de saúde, quase que total com relação ao exigido na lei. Neste sentido, esta dissertação de mestrado visa a estudar o cenário dos RSS na cidade de São Luís, bem como toda legislação que regula o assunto. Buscou-se contribuir com a solução da problemática através de discussão crítica à legislação atual e, também, pela sugestão de novas regulamentações mais criteriosas, específicas, educativas, efetivas e, ainda, que focassem a realidade local. A pesquisa baseou-se em dados fornecidos pela Vigilância Sanitária Estadual e Municipal, Secretaria de Obras e Serviços Públicos do Município e pela Secretaria de Estado de Meio Ambiente do Maranhão. A dissertação foi construída no sentido de contribuir com a discussão científica sobre a efetividade das normas jurídicas e a atuação dos órgãos fiscalizadores.