Although typically associated with the provision of low-cost holiday accommodation, for over 30 years city-based caravan parks have provided an unrecognised source of permanent housing to the lower end of the market. Due to their often dilapidated condition and the demographic profile of their residents, caravan parks do not fit within the Australian housing ideal and are often considered enclaves of despondency. Residents are subject to harsh stereotypes and are often referred to as ??trailer trash?? ?? a tag which originated in the USA. However the reality is that caravan parks provide significant social benefits and are unique living environments for their permanent residents. This research involved an extensive discourse analysis complemented by in-depth interviews with caravan park residents and industry stakeholders, which found that the residential experience is typically based on solidarity, companionship, pride and a true sense of belonging. As urban land prices in Australia have increased exponentially and the footprints of its capital cities continue to grow, large parcels of under-developed land accommodating caravan parks have become ??land banks?? ripe for redevelopment. While it is the park owner??s prerogative to maximise profit, individuals and households are being displaced with little or no compensation, to make way for more lucrative land uses. With deficiencies in the public housing system and the failure of the housing market to provide an adequate level of low-cost accommodation, caravan park residents face an uncertain future, even homelessness. However, the understated impact of this trend is the social implications which affect some of the community??s most vulnerable members. The loss of home, community disintegration and feelings of insecurity appear to be disregarded in the planning process, and this trend seems certain to continue with a lack of responsibility and strategic vision by the government. For this reason, the continued closure of Sydney??s caravan parks should not be tolerated for the purpose of land profiteering. A comprehensive all-of-government and industry response is urgently required to address the threats to Sydney??s caravan parks and to develop mitigation strategies aimed at reducing the resultant outcomes for their vulnerable residents.

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No description available.

In New Zealand the development and promotion of sporting events is becoming increasingly popular, due in part to the role of sport in building the nation's identity, the economic benefits, and a growing awareness of the importance of health and fitness within the community. Given this increased popularity it is important that the impacts of these events upon the local 'host' communities be understood. Social impacts have been given more and more attention in recent years by event researchers, due to the recognition that the long term sustainability of such events can only be achieved with the approval and participation of residents. This research addresses these issues in the context of Taupo, New Zealand using the case of Ironman New Zealand.This thesis adopts a mixed method approach using interviews (n=7), participant observation, and a web-survey (n=111). The findings confirm that it is vital to investigate and understand impacts of events on host communities. The findings are also consistent with theories identified in the literature in terms of the nature of social impacts on host communities. The overall results indicate that residents are aware of both the positive and negative impacts of Ironman New Zealand. Respondents highlight positive impacts such as economic benefits, exposure of Taupo, community togetherness, and the encouragement of sports, yet they also recognize negative impacts such as inconvenience from traffic congestion, and road closures. Accordingly, the community was grouped into three distinct clusters with positive, negative and ambivalent perceptions, and were labelled 'Lovers', 'Pessimists' and 'Realists'. The findings further suggest that the use of web-surveying for community research is still in its infancy and needs further development enabling it to be used as an effective tool. Finally it is proposed that small to medium scale sporting event hosted in regional communities may contribute to a sense of community and to the creation of social capital. Further research is needed to confirm this proposition.

The objectives of this study were two fold. The first was to quantify the nature and extent of current levels of human impact in alpine areas at four sites within Fiordland and Mount Aspiring National Parks along walking tracks at Key Summit, Gertrude Saddle, Borland Saddle and Sugarloaf Pass. In order to do so, a survey was carried out with transects placed perpendicular to the track, and distributed among different vegetation types. In each transect, plant structural and compositional aspects, and soil and environmental parameters were measured. Transects were divided into track, transition, undisturbed and control zones, and changes to dependent variables were compared with distance from the track centre. Damage from visitor impact was largely restricted to within 1m from the track centre. The most significant impacts were to structural aspects of plant and soil properties with significant reductions in plant height, total vegetation cover and bryophyte cover, and increases in bareground and erosion on tracks. Erosion was more prevalent on slopes greater than 25°, while tracks on peat soils contained greater bareground exposure, particularly of organic soil. The second study objective was to investigate the relationship between specific levels of impact and the resulting damage to two key alpine vegetation types, tussock herb field and cushion bog. This was undertaken by carrying out controlled trampling experiments, measuring changes to plant structural and compositional aspects four weeks and one year after treatment. Both vegetation types saw dramatic reductions in total vegetation cover and height immediately after trampling, however overall composition and species richness varied little. These two alpine vegetation types showed moderate-low resistance to initial impact and low resilience, with very little recovery evident one year later. Research intothese two areas is important for managing visitor use within alpine areas in order to meet conservation and recreation goals. The survey indicates that alpine community types are very sensitive to visitor use, showing significant structural damage, however the spatial extent of impact is limited within the broader landscape. Instead, visitor impacts associated with tracks are likely to be more visually and aesthetically significant, influencing the visitor experience. The trampling experiments indicate that use levels over 25-75 passes per year within tussock herbfield and cushion bog vegetation on peat soils will result in ongoing damage to previously undisturbed sites. Methods for minimising impacts include limiting visitor numbers, public education in low impact practices, redirection of tracks and use to areas that are less sensitive, the dispersal of visitor activity at very low use intensities (less than 75 direct passes per year) and the concentration of activity on tracks above this level.

Submitted by CAROLINA BUGALHO KOHORI null (cbkohori@gmail.com) on 2018-01-09T16:22:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Carolina Kohori.pdf: 7577720 bytes, checksum: 9922fcf0e1720d723287605b348853f3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Claudia Adriana Spindola null (claudia@fct.unesp.br) on 2018-01-09T18:06:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 kohori_cb_me_prud.pdf: 7577720 bytes, checksum: 9922fcf0e1720d723287605b348853f3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-09T18:06:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 kohori_cb_me_prud.pdf: 7577720 bytes, checksum: 9922fcf0e1720d723287605b348853f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-28 / A Nova Alta Paulista foi uma das últimas regiões a serem atravessadas pela ferrovia e ocupadas pela frente cafeeira, tendo suas formações vegetais naturais quase que totalmente suprimidas em detrimento da expansão da área urbana e de culturas agropecuárias. As sedes dos municípios foram construídas no espigão-divisor de águas dos rios Aguapeí e Peixe, ocupando diversas nascentes de córregos. Diante dessa realidade, diversos impactos da falta de planejamento, manejo e gestão do solo e da água são observados, sendo necessários estudos a fim de entender a dinâmica que ocorreu na região. Para tanto, propôs-se o estudo do alto curso da bacia do Ribeirão dos Ranchos, formado pelas bacias dos córregos Taipus, Tocantins e Ranchos, localizada no município de Adamantina, integrante da Nova Alta Paulista. O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar as mudanças ocorridas no uso da terra entre os anos de 1971 e 2016 e seus respectivos impactos ambientais sobre essa área, utilizando técnicas de geoprocessamento. Após a realização do mapeamento, foram processados e gerados mapas de ganho, persistência e perda de área para as classes de uso da terra. Através das análises realizadas observouse que a área de estudo tem riscos de ocorrência de inundações e a ocupação urbana sobre as áreas de nascentes intensificam esses problemas. Com relação às mudanças no uso da terra, houve significativas mudanças, onde as lavouras temporária e permanente cederam espaço para a pastagem cultivada para criação de gado. Os principais problemas ambientais observados na área rural foram pastagens degradadas, ausência de mata ciliar, solos erodidos, assoreamento e contaminação dos recursos hídricos. Notou-se, ainda, pequeno avanço relacionado à recomposição das áreas de preservação permanente que, no entanto, não devem ser desprezadas. Espera-se que o presente trabalho possa contribuir para estudos mais aprofundados na região e para a tomada de decisões que visem o planejamento de ocupação do uso da terra em áreas urbana e rural, bem como a recuperação das APPs (Áreas de Preservação Permanente) e, em longo prazo, dos córregos. / The Nova Alta Paulista was one of the last regions to be crossed by the railroad and occupied by the coffee crop, having its natural landscap almost totally suppressed to by the expansion of the urban area and agricultural crops. The municipalities were built inside of the Aguapeí and Peixe rivers watershed , occupying several streams springs. Therefore, several impacts due to lack of planning, soil and water management are observed, and studies are necessaries to understand the dynamics that took place in the region. Thus, a has been developed on the high course of the Ribeirão dos Ranchos basin, formed by the Taipus, Tocantins and Ranchos basins, located in the municipality of Adamantina, a member of Nova Alta Paulista. The objective of this work was to analyze the changes in land use between the years 1971 and 2016 and their respective environmental impacts, using geoprocessing techniques. After the mapping, maps of gain, persistence and loss of area for land use classes were processed and generated. Through the analyzes conducted , it has been observed that the study area has flood risks occurrence and urban occupation on the river source’s areas intensifies these problems. Regarding changes in land use, there were significant changes, where temporary and permanent crops gave way to pasture grown for livestock. The main environmental problems observed in the rural area were degraded pastures, absence of riparian forest, eroded soils, sedimentation and water resources contamination. Still, there was a small advance related to the restoration of permanent preservation areas, which should not be neglected. It is expected that the present work shall contribute to further studies in the region, to the decision making aiming land use management in urban and rural areas, as well as the recovery of PPAs (Permanent Preservation Areas) and, in the long term, streams.

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BEZERRA, Lireida Maria Albuquerque. Análise dos impactos sócio-ambientais decorrentes da mineração na Chapada do Araripe – Nova Olinda/Ceará. 2013. 139 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em geografia)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2013. / Submitted by Elineudson Ribeiro (elineudsonr@gmail.com) on 2016-10-14T12:36:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_lmabezerra.pdf: 4927300 bytes, checksum: 0c8ac8d94ef161f1cce44d8b6b159a67 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jairo Viana (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-10-18T18:55:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_lmabezerra.pdf: 4927300 bytes, checksum: 0c8ac8d94ef161f1cce44d8b6b159a67 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-18T18:55:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_lmabezerra.pdf: 4927300 bytes, checksum: 0c8ac8d94ef161f1cce44d8b6b159a67 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / The research aims to analyze the process of socio environmental degradation in Chapada do Araripe , in the city Nova Olinda/Ceará, resulting from the extraction and exploitation of limestone, offering theoretical elements that contribute to the emergence of alternatives that contribute to mitigate the damage caused by the mining activity in the capitalist mold. The methodology was based on a qualitative analysis, based on the understanding of the subjective characteristics and on the information related to the communities living around the mining activity, and also on the specific literature on the study subject. The analysis of the environmental impacts arisingfrom the mining in Nova Olinda is of paramount importance for thecomprehension of the intensity of the environmental impacts and how theycompromise the Chapada do Araripe and its surroundings, as well as the historical and paleontological records of the sedimentary basin of Araripe. It is noticed that the intensity of theenvironmental impacts result from thenon-sustainable exploitation, compromising the environment and its surroundings, with the waste tailings, changes in vegetation and extraction that degrades and impacts the local landscape. / A pesquisa objetiva analisar o processo de degradação sócio ambiental na Chapada do Araripe, no município de Nova Olinda/Ceará, decorrente da extração e exploração do calcário, oferecendo elementos teóricos, que contribuam para o surgimento de alternativas que contribuam para mitigar os estragos provocados pela atividade da mineração nos moldes capitalistas. A metodologia partiu de uma análise qualitativa, com base no entendimento das características subjetivas e das informações relacionadas às comunidades que vivem no entorno da atividade mineradora e, também o embasamento de literatura específica na área do objeto de estudo. A análise dos impactos ambientais decorrentes da mineração em Nova Olinda é de suma importância para a compreensão da intensidade dos impactos ambientais e como estes comprometem a Chapada do Araripe e seu entorno, bem como, os registros históricos e paleontológicos da bacia sedimentar do Araripe. Percebe-se, que o grau de intensidade dos impactos ambientais resulta de uma exploração não sustentável comprometendo o meio ambiente e seu entorno, com o desperdício do rejeito, alteração na vegetação e uma extração que degrada e impacta a paisagem local.

A gravidade dos problemas ambientais exige o engajamento de vários setores da sociedade, principalmente, o da educação. As instituições de ensino superior devem atuar como protagonistas no combate aos impactos ambientais gerados pela sociedade. Desta forma, o presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar a presença da gestão ambiental nas estruturas curriculares dos cursos de graduação, nas ações de extensão desenvolvidas, nos projetos de pesquisa e nas atividades operacionais realizadas no campus Rio Branco da Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), uma instituição de ensino superior localizada na região Norte do Brasil. Para atingir este objetivo, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com dirigentes da IES, análise de documentos oficiais da instituição e observação assistemática nas dependências do campus. Esta análise também permitiu identificar os aspectos e impactos ambientais decorrentes das atividades desenvolvidas nos seguintes setores do campus: restaurante universitário, salas de aula e de atendimento administrativo, banheiros e laboratórios. Analisadas as condições vigentes, foram propostas ações visando a redução dos impactos ambientais identificados. Os dados coletados, analisados por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo, identificaram que, dos 33 cursos de graduação oferecidos pela UFAC, 75,76% deles apresentam alguma disciplina na sua estrutura curricular que aborda a temática ambiental Por outro lado, foram identificadas poucas ações de extensão e poucos projetos de pesquisa relacionados as questões ambientais do campus. Em 2017, entre as atividades operacionais, havia apenas uma ação institucionalizada de gestão ambiental, que se relacionava a distribuição de garrafas para substituir o uso dos copos descartáveis, ação que desde seu início não teve descontinuidade. A UFAC possui um Plano de Gestão de Logística Sustentável, porém ainda não foi aprovado e não foi iniciada a sua execução. Observou-se que, por falta de conhecimento dos dirigentes e de sensibilização de toda a comunidade universitária, a gestão ambiental na UFAC encontra-se em um estágio inicial, o que demonstra a importância da implantação de uma ferramenta que sistematize as ações de gestão ambiental envolvendo todo o campus, buscando reduzir os impactos ambientais gerados, evitar o desperdício de recursos e tornar esta IES um exemplo para a região Norte. / The seriousness of environmental problems requires the engagement of various sectors of society, especially education. Higher education institutions should act as protagonists in combating the environmental impacts generated by society. Thereby, the present study aims to analyze the presence of environmental management in the curricular structures of undergraduate courses, in the extension actions developed, in the research projects and in the operational activities carried out at the Rio Branco campus of the Federal University of Acre (UFAC), a higher education institution located in the northern region of Brazil. To achieve this objective, semi-structured interviews were conducted with HEI leaders, analysis of official institution documents and non-systematic observation on campus premises. This analysis also allowed to identify environmental aspects and impacts resulting from the activities carried out in the following sectors of the campus: university restaurant, classrooms and administrative service, restrooms and laboratories. Analyzed the current conditions, actions were proposed to reduce the identified environmental impacts. The data collected, analyzed through the content analysis technique, identified that of the 33 undergraduate courses offered by UFAC, 75.76% of them present some discipline in their curricular structure that addresses the environmental theme On the other hand, few extension actions and few research projects related to campus environmental issues were identified. In 2017, among the operational activities, there was only one institutionalized action of environmental management, which is related to the distribution of bottles to replace the use of disposable cups, an action that from the beginning did not have discontinuity. UFAC has a Sustainable Logistics Management Plan, but it has not been approved yet and its execution has not been initiated. It was observed that, due to the lack of knowledge of the leaders and the awareness of the entire university community, environmental management at UFAC is at an early stage, which demonstrates the importance of the implementation of a tool that systematizes environmental management actions involving the entire campus, seeking to reduce the environmental impacts generated, avoid wasting resources and make this HEI an example for the Northern region.

abstract: 'Attributional' Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) quantitatively tracks the potential environmental impacts of international value chains, in retrospective, while ensuring that burden shifting is avoided. Despite the growing popularity of LCA as a decision-support tool, there are numerous concerns relating to uncertainty and variability in LCA that affects its reliability and credibility. It is pertinent that some part of future research in LCA be guided towards increasing reliability and credibility for decision-making, while utilizing the LCA framework established by ISO 14040. In this dissertation, I have synthesized the present state of knowledge and application of uncertainty and variability in ‘attributional’ LCA, and contribute to its quantitative assessment. Firstly, the present state of addressment of uncertainty and variability in LCA is consolidated and reviewed. It is evident that sources of uncertainty and variability exist in the following areas: ISO standards, supplementary guides, software tools, life cycle inventory (LCI) databases, all four methodological phases of LCA, and use of LCA information. One source of uncertainty and variability, each, is identified, selected, quantified, and its implications discussed. The use of surrogate LCI data in lieu of missing dataset(s) or data-gaps is a source of uncertainty. Despite the widespread use of surrogate data, there has been no effort to (1) establish any form of guidance for the appropriate selection of surrogate data and, (2) estimate the uncertainty associated with the choice and use of surrogate data. A formal expert elicitation-based methodology to select the most appropriate surrogates and to quantify the associated uncertainty was proposed and implemented. Product-evolution in a non-uniform manner is a source of temporal variability that is presently not considered in LCA modeling. The resulting use of outdated LCA information will lead to misguided decisions affecting the issue at concern and eventually the environment. In order to demonstrate product-evolution within the scope of ISO 14044, and given that variability cannot be reduced, the sources of product-evolution were identified, generalized, analyzed and their implications (individual and coupled) on LCA results are quantified. Finally, recommendations were provided for the advancement of robustness of 'attributional' LCA, with respect to uncertainty and variability. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Sustainability 2016