<p>During the past two decades research has shown that brands are among a company’s most valuable assets. However, in today’s competitive landscape, it is not enough to just create strong brands. The focus lies rather in managing a range of brand lever-age strategies within complex brand portfolios. Moreover, the majority of today’s established brand concepts do not represent the reality of contemporary brand man-agement. Instead, they tend to be based on dichotomies and simplifications. In addi-tion, there is a lack of criticism towards many of the established brand concepts resulting in the reduction of brand management to a number of static categories and stagnated definitions – thereby missing out on the analysis of important intersec-tional issues between the various categories. This book explores the somewhat for-gotten area of intersection, investigating the territory in-between brands.</p><p>The methods used consist of a literature review covering some of the most influ-ential brand models within the area of brand portfolio and brand leverage as well as an empirical case study including the following seven brands: Adidas, Bang & Oluf-sen, Electrolux, H&M, Microsoft, Peak Performance and W. L. Gore & Associates.</p><p>The findings show that conventional brand management models and terminology do not fully explain common marketplace strategies and practice. As a result, this research introduces a more realistic viewpoint and dynamic framework that is based on convergence and that allows migration and iteration rather than today’s static approach. The framework, named the brand leverage palette, introduces various nuances between different leverage strategies, both adding clarity and offering guid-ance by explaining different migration movements among today’s brand portfolios.</p>

<p>This graduation paper treats e-mobbing via the different communication medias of the mobile phone. The purpose of the research has been to describe student’s experience of e-mobbing via the mobile phone’s different integrated functions as phone calls, sms, mms and e-mail.</p><p>In this poll investigation asked 100 students of 15-20 years of age.</p><p>The interviews made have shown that girls are more exposed to e-mobbing, e.g. indirect mobbing. In my research it is possible to see that girls are more exposed than boys to threats of violence via sms, the spreading of rumours and the danger of being called different things.</p><p>It is also possible to see in the result of the interviews that the mobber wants to experience power, something which is not unusual in all types of mobbing. The mobber feels safe and unreachable, while he or she can reach the victim at any time possible. This is something which is mentioned in the interviews by the young themselves. It is possible to see clearly that an indication of power and control is an important part in this type of mobbing.</p> / <p>Mitt examensarbete handlar om e-mobbning via mobiltelefonens olika kommunikationsmedium. Syftet med min undersökning är att beskriva skolungdomars erfarenheter av e-mobbning via mobiltelefonens olika integrerade funktioner såsom telefonsamtal, sms, mms och email.</p><p>I min enkätundersökning tillfrågades totalt 100 ungdomar i åldern 15-20 år.</p><p>Enkätintervjun har visat att flickorna är mer utsatta för e-mobbning d.v.s. indirekt mobbning.</p><p>I min undersökning kan man se att flickorna utsätts för sms mobbning i form av hot om våld, ryktesspridning och att de blir kallad för olika saker betydlig oftare än pojkarna.</p><p>Något som man även kan utläsa av enkätresultatet är att mobbaren vill känna makt vilket inte i sig något ovanligt beteende vid all typ av mobbning. I mobbning via mobiltelefon känner sig mobbaren säker och inte nåbar men han eller hon kan nå den mobbade när som helst.</p><p>Man kan se ett tydligt tecken på att maktstyrning och kontroll är en viktig ingrediens i denna typ av mobbning.</p>

<p>Finns det någonting att vinna på att lämna skolan ett par år mellan gymnasiet och det att en högskoleutbildning påbörjas och finns det något värde i de erfarenheter en student eventuellt har från livet utanför skolan? Ser studenter och lärare inom musiklärarutbildningen någon nytta med dessa värden och ser även rektorer inom den kommunala kultur- och musikskolan att dessa värden har någon betydelse? Jag har i denna undersökning valt att intervjua aktörer inom musikhögskolan och den kommunala musik och kulturskolan för att ta reda på hur de ser på värdet av tidigare erfarenheter. Det resultat som jag slutligen kommit fram till visar att detta ämne är komplext och det är svårt att ge ett riktigt svar efter en undersökning som löper över enbart ett halvår. Dock visar de intervjuades svar att det är viktigt att dessa frågor diskuteras eftersom de flesta är överens om att det finns värden i tidigare erfarenheter.</p> / <p>Is there something to gain when leaving the academic world a few years between secondary high school and a higher education? And is there a value in the experiences a student might have gained from life outside the academic world? Do teachers and students within colleges of music and headmasters for local music schools, see that these experiences have any practical value?In this essay I have interviewed students, teachers and headmasters from both colleges of music and local music schools to hear their views regarding the value of earlier experiences. My result is that it is a very complex area and it is difficult to give a conclusive answer within the limits of this study, which spanned over six months. This notwithstanding, all of the persons interviewed in this study agreed that it is important to discuss these questions, and that there is a value in earlier experiences.</p>

<p>Country portfolio analysis, a commonly used tool among companies when evaluating potential target markets, only focus on potential sales instead of including cost and risk into the equation. However, some researchers today have become aware of the importance of taking these costs and risks into account. One of these researchers is Pankaj Ghemawat, who has developed a framework called CAGE which is supposed to be a complementary tool to the country portfolio analysis model. In this thesis we study if Swedish MNCs consider the factors suggested in the CAGE-framework when evaluating emerging markets. Furthermore, we suggest some adjustments to the evaluation process.</p><p>Data have been collected through a web-based questionnaire. The respondents were all headquarter managers in Swedish multinational corporations (MNCs). Our results show that the two most overlooked distances of the CAGE-framework are the cultural and the geographic distances. Hence, the two most considered were the economic and administrative distances. This is in partial accordance with Ghemawat’s theory, in which he states that the cultural distance is one of the two most overlooked distances. However, he presents administrative distance as the second most overlooked distance, which means that our thesis shows a somewhat different result than Ghemawat’s findings.</p><p>A company evaluating an entry into an emerging market needs to consider the CPA-model, but this is not enough. They also need to take other factors into account. These are previous as well as future growth of the market, predicted growth for the specific product or service in the market in question, and the competitive situation in the emerging market. A consideration of these factors gives the company a complete picture of a market regarding profit potential. Thereafter, this potential needs to be adjusted for the distances in the CAGE-framework.</p>

During the past two decades research has shown that brands are among a company’s most valuable assets. However, in today’s competitive landscape, it is not enough to just create strong brands. The focus lies rather in managing a range of brand lever-age strategies within complex brand portfolios. Moreover, the majority of today’s established brand concepts do not represent the reality of contemporary brand man-agement. Instead, they tend to be based on dichotomies and simplifications. In addi-tion, there is a lack of criticism towards many of the established brand concepts resulting in the reduction of brand management to a number of static categories and stagnated definitions – thereby missing out on the analysis of important intersec-tional issues between the various categories. This book explores the somewhat for-gotten area of intersection, investigating the territory in-between brands. The methods used consist of a literature review covering some of the most influ-ential brand models within the area of brand portfolio and brand leverage as well as an empirical case study including the following seven brands: Adidas, Bang &amp; Oluf-sen, Electrolux, H&amp;M, Microsoft, Peak Performance and W. L. Gore &amp; Associates. The findings show that conventional brand management models and terminology do not fully explain common marketplace strategies and practice. As a result, this research introduces a more realistic viewpoint and dynamic framework that is based on convergence and that allows migration and iteration rather than today’s static approach. The framework, named the brand leverage palette, introduces various nuances between different leverage strategies, both adding clarity and offering guid-ance by explaining different migration movements among today’s brand portfolios.

Country portfolio analysis, a commonly used tool among companies when evaluating potential target markets, only focus on potential sales instead of including cost and risk into the equation. However, some researchers today have become aware of the importance of taking these costs and risks into account. One of these researchers is Pankaj Ghemawat, who has developed a framework called CAGE which is supposed to be a complementary tool to the country portfolio analysis model. In this thesis we study if Swedish MNCs consider the factors suggested in the CAGE-framework when evaluating emerging markets. Furthermore, we suggest some adjustments to the evaluation process. Data have been collected through a web-based questionnaire. The respondents were all headquarter managers in Swedish multinational corporations (MNCs). Our results show that the two most overlooked distances of the CAGE-framework are the cultural and the geographic distances. Hence, the two most considered were the economic and administrative distances. This is in partial accordance with Ghemawat’s theory, in which he states that the cultural distance is one of the two most overlooked distances. However, he presents administrative distance as the second most overlooked distance, which means that our thesis shows a somewhat different result than Ghemawat’s findings. A company evaluating an entry into an emerging market needs to consider the CPA-model, but this is not enough. They also need to take other factors into account. These are previous as well as future growth of the market, predicted growth for the specific product or service in the market in question, and the competitive situation in the emerging market. A consideration of these factors gives the company a complete picture of a market regarding profit potential. Thereafter, this potential needs to be adjusted for the distances in the CAGE-framework.

This graduation paper treats e-mobbing via the different communication medias of the mobile phone. The purpose of the research has been to describe student’s experience of e-mobbing via the mobile phone’s different integrated functions as phone calls, sms, mms and e-mail. In this poll investigation asked 100 students of 15-20 years of age. The interviews made have shown that girls are more exposed to e-mobbing, e.g. indirect mobbing. In my research it is possible to see that girls are more exposed than boys to threats of violence via sms, the spreading of rumours and the danger of being called different things. It is also possible to see in the result of the interviews that the mobber wants to experience power, something which is not unusual in all types of mobbing. The mobber feels safe and unreachable, while he or she can reach the victim at any time possible. This is something which is mentioned in the interviews by the young themselves. It is possible to see clearly that an indication of power and control is an important part in this type of mobbing. / Mitt examensarbete handlar om e-mobbning via mobiltelefonens olika kommunikationsmedium. Syftet med min undersökning är att beskriva skolungdomars erfarenheter av e-mobbning via mobiltelefonens olika integrerade funktioner såsom telefonsamtal, sms, mms och email. I min enkätundersökning tillfrågades totalt 100 ungdomar i åldern 15-20 år. Enkätintervjun har visat att flickorna är mer utsatta för e-mobbning d.v.s. indirekt mobbning. I min undersökning kan man se att flickorna utsätts för sms mobbning i form av hot om våld, ryktesspridning och att de blir kallad för olika saker betydlig oftare än pojkarna. Något som man även kan utläsa av enkätresultatet är att mobbaren vill känna makt vilket inte i sig något ovanligt beteende vid all typ av mobbning. I mobbning via mobiltelefon känner sig mobbaren säker och inte nåbar men han eller hon kan nå den mobbade när som helst. Man kan se ett tydligt tecken på att maktstyrning och kontroll är en viktig ingrediens i denna typ av mobbning.

none

Finns det någonting att vinna på att lämna skolan ett par år mellan gymnasiet och det att en högskoleutbildning påbörjas och finns det något värde i de erfarenheter en student eventuellt har från livet utanför skolan? Ser studenter och lärare inom musiklärarutbildningen någon nytta med dessa värden och ser även rektorer inom den kommunala kultur- och musikskolan att dessa värden har någon betydelse? Jag har i denna undersökning valt att intervjua aktörer inom musikhögskolan och den kommunala musik och kulturskolan för att ta reda på hur de ser på värdet av tidigare erfarenheter. Det resultat som jag slutligen kommit fram till visar att detta ämne är komplext och det är svårt att ge ett riktigt svar efter en undersökning som löper över enbart ett halvår. Dock visar de intervjuades svar att det är viktigt att dessa frågor diskuteras eftersom de flesta är överens om att det finns värden i tidigare erfarenheter. / Is there something to gain when leaving the academic world a few years between secondary high school and a higher education? And is there a value in the experiences a student might have gained from life outside the academic world? Do teachers and students within colleges of music and headmasters for local music schools, see that these experiences have any practical value?In this essay I have interviewed students, teachers and headmasters from both colleges of music and local music schools to hear their views regarding the value of earlier experiences. My result is that it is a very complex area and it is difficult to give a conclusive answer within the limits of this study, which spanned over six months. This notwithstanding, all of the persons interviewed in this study agreed that it is important to discuss these questions, and that there is a value in earlier experiences.

This thesis describes a theoretical and experimental investigation of wireless energy transfer between high-Q resonant radiofrequency (RF) oscillators. A model used by Kurs \emph{et al} \cite{Kurs_original} was recast in a form which enabled expression of the results in terms of measurable electrical quantities. This model was tested using circular resonant copper loop antennas at a frequency near 10 MHz. Accurate calculation of the mutual inductance between loops was required in order to predict the loop coupling parameters, and was carried out using a custom-written computer code. Two resonant loop antenna RF oscillators were first used to check that the model predictions were accurate in the two-oscillator case. Based on the success of these tests, the model was extended to the case of three oscillators in two different configurations, the first having two receiving oscillators, and the second having two transmitting oscillators. Model predictions for both configurations were experimentally tested over a range of coil separations and angular inclinations. These experimental tests confirmed the model's applicability in the three-oscillator regime, with significant deviations from the model only being observed when any pair of loops was in very close proximity (i.e. when the separation of loop centers was comparable to the loop diameter). This may have been be due to either nonlinear dielectric losses (due to large amplitude RF electric fields) spoiling the Quality factors Q of the loop antenna resonators, or to increased capacitive coupling between loops at short distances (not included in the current model), or both. Further investigation would be required to definitively establish the origin of the deviation from the model at short distances, but from an engineering point of view accurate modelling of the performance in the "close loop" regime is not critical since the primary purpose of wireless power transfer is to transmit power over a reasonable distance.