Abstract This research is based on the Taiwan Stock Index. We can use the technical analysis of K-line which may reveal the signal of buying or selling in actual operation. It can help the investors to deciside the timing to buy or sell. The above method is a kind of stock index in actual testing analysis during the period from 1993 to 2002. The conclusions of our research are the following: 1. The signal of buying or selling can create good return according to the theory of K-line during the research period and it sometimes can offers higher return than the interest rate offered by the bank. It is a reliable method for most of the investors. 2. The signal of up or down can't be judged according to the theory of K-line during the period of stagnancy. We must judge the market and predict the future after the ending of stagnancy of K-line in order to obtain the best point of buying or selling.

This thesis first presents a novel and highly accurate methodology for investigating the kinetics of photoacid diffusion and catalyzed-deprotection of positive-tone chemically amplified resists during post exposure bake (PEB) by in-situ monitoring the change of resist and capacitance (RC) of resist film during PEB. Deprotection converts the protecting group to volatile group, which changes the dielectric constant of resist. So the deprotection rate can be extracted from the change of capacitance. The photoacid diffusivity is extracted from the resistance change because diffusivity determines the rate of change of the acid distribution. Furthermore, by comparing the R and C curves, the dependence of acid diffusivity on reaction state can be extracted. The kinetics of non-Fickean acid transportation, deprotection, free volume generation and absorption/escaping, and resist shrinkage is analyzed and a comprehensive model is proposed that includes these chemical/physical mechanisms. Then in this thesis a novel lithographic technique, liquid immersion contact lithography (LICL) is proposed and the simulations are performed to illustrate its main features and advantages. Significant depth-of-field (DOF) enhancement can be achieved for large pitch gratings with deep-UV light (λ=248nm) illumination with both TM and TE polarizations by liquid immersion. Better than 100nm DOF can be achieved by when printing 70nm apertures. The simulation results show that it is very promising to apply this technique in scanning near field optical microscopy. Finally, a rigorous, full vector imaging model of non-ideal mask is developed and the simulation of the imaging of such a mask with 2D roughness is performed. Line edge roughness (LER) has been a major issue limiting the performance of sub-100nm photolithography. A lot of factors contribute to LER, including mask roughness, lens imperfection, resist chemistry, process variation, etc. To evaluate the effect of mask roughness on LER, a rigorous full vector model has been developed by the author. We calculate the electromagnetic (EM) field immediately after a rough mask by using TEMPEST and simulate the projected wafer image with SPLAT. The EM field and wafer image deviate from those from an ideal mask. LER is finally calculated based on the projected image.

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In high-speed digital circuits, in order to utilize the space of printed circuit boards efficiently, the signal via is a heavily used interconnection structure to communicate different signal layers. However, the interconnection discontinuities will result in the degradation of the signal integrity and become a crucial issue for IC designers. To analyze the problems accurately and fast using the hybrid physical equivalent model which combining the transmission line model, slot model, via model, and decoupling capacitor model, etc. Based on the method, we can get a good result of simulation and compute faster than Ansoft HFSS. In addition, by the hybrid physical model method, we simulate and discuss several interesting issues such as resonance in power/ground planes, and the effect of the simultaneous switching noise, we also improve the bad effect of the printed circuit boards existing vias by some ways.

<p>This thesis describes the new development of a command-line interface. The</p><p>background of this assignment is a concept, which was developed at the University of</p><p>Växjö, Sweden and is concerned with the quality analysis of software products.</p><p>Out of this research an application was created. This application gives a developer the</p><p>possibility to analyze the quality of his software products. This application is called</p><p>VizzAnalyzer™ and is distributed by the company Arisa AB. The VizzAnalyzer™ is</p><p>already available in various versions and the command-line interface enables the</p><p>possibility to analyze software in a server environment. The interface requires the</p><p>possibility to analyze and interpret any user input. The thesis concerned with various</p><p>concepts and ways of implementation.</p>

Thesis--Auburn University, 2006. / Abstract. Vita.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Kentucky, 2002. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 66 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 64-65).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Lehigh University, 2003. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 80-85).

Over the last few years the World Health Organization (WHO) has endorsed several tests for the rapid detection of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in resource-poor settings. The objective of this study was to compare the cost-effectiveness of a line probe assay test (less than one week for results) to conventional (bacterial culture) drug susceptibility testing (one month for results) for the detection of MDR-TB in an HIV-positive South African population by estimating the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) per disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) averted. Costs of testing, drug treatment, hospitalization, as well as estimates for mortality, treatment success, and failure rates were obtained from literature sources, the South African Department of Health, the WHO, the Foundation of Innovative Diagnostics (FIND), and expert opinion. The willingness-to-pay threshold for a DALY averted was pre-set at 3 times the 2009 GDP per capita (about $17,400) for South Africa. In the base-case scenario for a prevalence of 30% of MDR-TB among HIV-positive patients, the average cost per person for the line probe assay testing strategy was $3,539/0.458 DALY averted and the conventional testing approach was $3,011/0.430 DALY averted. The base-line ICER was about $18,800 per DALY averted – about $1,400 above the pre-set threshold. In sensitivity analyses, the model was robust to changes in prevalence (+ 50%); costs (+ 10%), and probabilities of death, success and failure (+ 20%). However, when the treatment success rate for the line probe assay test was increased to 60% (one of the targets set by WHO in TB treatment) the ICER was below the willingness-to-pay level (i.e., cost-effective). The probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed there is a 70% chance that the additional cost of the line probe assay, compared with conventional testing, was less than $30,000 per DALY averted. However, the model may have underestimated the benefits of the line probe assay because it did not account for a decrease in the transmission of the disease due to earlier treatment nor did it measure any benefits more than a year after testing. / text

Judgments of spatial relationships are often made when the object or observer are moving. Behaviourally, there is evidence that these ‘dynamic’ judgments of spatial extent differ from static judgments. Here I used three separate techniques for exploring dynamic judgments: first, a line bisection paradigm was employed to study ocular and pointing judgments of spatial extent while manipulating line length, position, speed, acceleration, and direction of scanning (Experiments 1-4); second, functional MRI (fMRI) was used to examine whether distinct brain regions were involved in dynamic versus static judgments of spatial extent (Exp 5); and finally, a mathematical and computational model of dynamic judgments was developed to provide a framework for interpreting the experimental results. In the behavioural experiments, substantial differences were seen between static and dynamic bisection, suggesting the two invoke different neural processes for computing spatial extent. Surprisingly, ocular and pointing judgments produced distinct bisection patterns that were uncorrelated, with pointing somewhat more impervious to manipulations such as scan direction and position than ocular bisections. However, a new experimental task for probing dynamic judgments (the ‘no line’ Experiment 4) found that scan direction can influence both hand behaviour. Functional MRI demonstrated that dynamic relative to static judgments produced activations in the cuneus and precuneus bilaterally, left cerebellum, and medial frontal gyrus, with reduced activation relative to static judgments observed in the supramarginal gyrus bilaterally. Dynamic bisections relative to a control condition produced activations in the right precuneus and left cerebellum, as well as in left superior parietal lobule, left middle temporal gyrus, and right precentral gyrus. It may be the case that velocity processing and temporal estimates are integrated primarily in the cuneus and precuneus bilaterally to produce estimates of spatial extent under dynamic scanning conditions. These results highlight the fact that dynamic judgments of spatial extent engage brain regions distinct from those employed to make static judgments, supporting the behavioural results that these are separate and distinct. Finally, a mathematical model was proposed for dynamic judgments of spatial extent, based on the idea that, rather than using an ‘all-or-none’ approach, spatial working memory actually takes about 100 ms to reach full representational strength for any given point in space. The model successfully explains many of the effects seen in the behavioural experiments including the effects of scan direction, velocity, line length, and position. In conjunction with the neuroimaging data, it also suggests why neglect patients may fail to show rightward bisection biases when making dynamic judgments of spatial extent. Overall, this work provides novel insights into how the brain executes dynamic judgments of spatial extent.