Thesis (M.S.)--Montana State University--Bozeman, 2007. / Typescript. Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Christopher S. Guy. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 66-74).

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Canterbury, 2003. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 104-110). Also available via the World Wide Web

Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2007. / Title from PDF title page screen. Advisor: Paul P. Mou; submitted to the Dept. of Biology. Includes bibliographical references (p. 46-53).

Thesis (M.S.)--Montana State University--Bozeman, 2007. / Typescript. Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Billie Kerans. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 109-120).

This paper reports findings from a two-year study to identify Lean practices for deriving software requirements from aerospace system level requirements, with a goal towards improving the software upgrade value stream. / Lean Aerospace Initiative

Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1994. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 55-68). Also available via the Internet.

Submitted by João Arthur Martins (joao.arthur@ufpe.br) on 2015-03-12T19:43:57Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese Victor de Medeiros.pdf: 8732234 bytes, checksum: cb5f309fb8765288e881d47eef4ccb56 (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-12T19:43:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese Victor de Medeiros.pdf: 8732234 bytes, checksum: cb5f309fb8765288e881d47eef4ccb56 (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-08 / CENPES/petrobrás;CAPES;CNPq;Finep e DAAD / O aumento constante da demanda por desempenho e eficiência, e a barreira imposta ao aumento da frequência de operação dos processadores pela tecnologia utilizada na construção dos chips atuais, trouxe o foco da indústria para o desenvolvimento de arquiteturas multi-core. Esta abordagem focada em paralelismo foi empregada não só em arquiteturas baseadas em processadores de propósito geral, como também, em novas plataformas como: os processadores gráficos (GPUs); processadores Cell; e os dispositivos reconfiguráveis (FPGAs). Esta mudança de paradigma tem exigido grandes investimentos em pesquisa e desenvolvimento. Além do desenvolvimento do hardware é necessário desenvolver linguagens, compiladores, ferramentas e sistemas operacionais capazes de lidar com o caráter paralelo e heterogêneo destas novas tecnologias. Outro ponto importante a se destacar é o cenário em que vivemos hoje, onde o uso eficiente e sustentável dos recursos naturais é essencial. Neste contexto, os dispositivos reconfiguráveis, mais especificamente os FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays), se apresentam como uma excelente alternativa devido ao seu caráter intrinsecamente paralelo e a baixa frequência em que operam, permitindo uma grande capacidade computacional a um baixo custo energético em muitas aplicações. No entanto, o desenvolvimento de aplicações em FPGAs ainda é uma tarefa bastante árdua, exigindo um tempo de desenvolvimento, muitas vezes, incompatível com a necessidade da indústria. Este trabalho apresenta o ambiente fastRTM, que tem como principal objetivo dar suporte ao desenvolvimento da modelagem e migração sísmicas RTM em plataformas FPGAs de alto desempenho. A modelagem e migração sísmicas são algoritmos computacionalmente intensivos utilizados na indústria para prospecção de óleo e gás. O ambiente provê mecanismos para descrição das arquiteturas em FPGA, reuso de componentes, simulação e exploração de espaço de projeto visando reduzir o tempo de desenvolvimento e explorando o potencial de desempenho presente na plataforma FPGA. O trabalho também apresenta um estudo que confirma a viabilidade do FPGA para este tipo de aplicação, comparando o seu desempenho com o de outras arquiteturas.

Many rivers are affected by man-induced regulations of stream-flow. The effects of these on the instream biota have been studied widely and it is generally accepted that assessment tools for the management of regulated rivers are of vital importance. In particular predictive instream habitat models like the Physical Habitat Simulation Model (PHABSIM) have become popular for this purpose with users world-wide. These models predict discharge-related changes in instream habitat availability for target species by modelling the hydraulic geometry of the river reach on the one and the microhabitat preferences of the species on the other side. Despite their popularity, validation studies for this approach have met many difficulties which are mostly related to the biological part of the model, the habitat preference curves. A review of these studies undertaken here reveals that very little information has been published on two main assumptions of the models: 1. The habitat preference of a species is independent of stream discharge 2. The habitat preference of a species is independent of the species population density Most validation studies are undertaken in field situations. As such they frequently have had problems relating to sampling the microhabitat use consistently, a lack of experimental control and variations in other secondary variables. It was thus decided to conduct controlled experiments in a large indoor flume. Young-of-year Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) caught in a nearby stream were stocked into pool-riffle sequences, landscaped within a natural substrate, in observation areas of 3.6 metres length and 1 metre width. Microhabitat use of fish was recorded at three different discharges within a 15-fold discharge variation. It was found that the mean column velocity preference of the juvenile salmon, calculated by the standard method, varied largely, mainly due to a shift of preference for low water velocities. "Weighted usable area" (WUA) calculations, the final output of instream habitat models, varied up to two-fold due to these differences in preference. Habitat preference also varied with population density. Fish preferred the riffle habitat at low population density and the pool habitat during high population density. Fish used higher mean column velocities during low population density. There are hence fundamental problems related to the approach of using density functions as preference indices as is commonly done for building habitat preference curves, because of a bias for habitat availability. A new approach using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is taken by comparing the microhabitat conditions fish experience at their chosen positions with the conditions fish would have experienced had they maintained the positions used at the other discharges. It was found that fish adjusted their positions towards significantly different microhabitats between low flow positions and the positions at the other two flows. This research demonstrates how microhabitat use and preference of wild-caught juvenile salmon varied with discharge and population density in a large near-natural flume. The error introduced by these variations to instream habitat model predictions was large. It confirms that habitat preference curves built as density functions on empirical fish observation data are bound to misrepresent the overall habitat requirements of a species life stage which in the case of juvenile salmon appeared wide and flexible over the range of discharge.

Critical zone science seeks to develop mechanistic theories that describe critical zone structure, function, and long-term evolution. One postulate is that hydrogeochemical controls on critical zone evolution can be inferred from solute discharges measured down-gradient of reactive flow paths. These flow paths have variable lengths, interfacial compositions, and residence times, and their mixing is reflected in concentration-discharge (C-Q) relations. Motivation for this special section originates from a U.S. Critical Zone Observatories workshop that was held at the University of New Hampshire, 20-22 July 2015. The workshop focused on resolving mechanistic CZ controls over surface water chemical dynamics across the full range of lithogenic (e.g., nonhydrolyzing and hydrolyzing cations and oxyanions) and bioactive solutes (e.g., organic and inorganic forms of C, N, P, and S), including dissolved and colloidal species that may cooccur for a given element. Papers submitted to this special section on concentration-discharge relations in the critical zone include those from authors who attended the workshop, as well as others who responded to the open solicitation. Submissions were invited that utilized information pertaining to internal, integrated catchment function (relations between hydrology, biogeochemistry, and landscape structure) to help illuminate controls on observed C-Q relations.

Abstract For effective management of stream salmonids, it is essential to (i) assess the productive potential of a stream in relation to species-specific habitat requirements, and to (ii) identify the key factors underlying any bottleneck periods during the life cycle of a fish. For this purpose, this PhD-thesis focuses on the mechanisms of habitat selection by juvenile salmonids in boreal streams. Habitat preference curves for depth, water velocity, substrate and instream cover for brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) in river Kuusinkijoki, northeastern Finland, indicated that larger trout preferred deeper stream areas than age-0 trout did. In summer, all size-classes of trout preferred small substrates, whereas in winter, areas with cobble-boulder substrates were preferred. Winter presents a bottleneck period for trout in boreal streams; therefore winter habitat curves should be incorporated into habitat-hydraulic models when estimating habitat suitable for riverine trout in areas with severe winter conditions. The preference curves of age-0 trout were validated by correlating age-0 trout density with habitat availability at multiple sites in two boreal rivers where trout densities were monitored in 1988-1995. Substrate preference curve was effective in predicting trout densities among sites, whereas among-year variation in trout densities was best predicted by depth-related preference curves. The responses of age-0 brown trout and grayling (Thymallus thymallus (L.)) to enhancement structures were investigated in artificial stream flumes. For both species a crucial habitat factor was the availability of flow refuges, especially in winter. In another experiment, age-1 trout dominated over age-0 trout when competing for velocity and overhead cover they both found suitable, emphasizing the role of intraspecific interactions in habitat selection by trout. These results suggest that the provision of a broad diversity of microhabitats should be a major goal in rehabilitation programs for fishery purposes. A new method, combining GIS-assisted (Geographical Information System) approach with geostatistical tools, facilitated the detection of fish distribution patterns in a spatially heterogenous stream habitat. The method will likely prove valuable when determining appropriate sampling scale(s) for future studies of fish habitat selection in relation to benthic prey. Unlike Arctic bullhead (Cottus poecilopus, Heckel), trout did not show any aggregation with their benthic prey according to spatially-referenced data on the distribution of lotic fishes and benthic macroinvertebrates within a stream reach.