Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2005. / Vita. Includes accompanying 4 reel tapes with recording of the composer's King Lear (analog, stereo., 7 1/2 ips : 7 in.).

Jessica Bell’s MFA thesis exhibition, All things being equal., presents the very idea of constructing a painting as a way of making sense of the world. Simple materials and formal devices make allusions to ordinary events and experiences. The works bear the marks of incidental studio occurrences, which conjure a conversation between the will of objects and the artist’s intention to activate them. Canvas and stretchers appear like characters, assuming the posture of active participants instead of subservient structure. The pieces engage with and resonate in one another, emphasizing the temporal relationship with the physical space. The forms are deliberately abstract and minimal, drawing our attention to subtle differences in the surfaces of material, gentle play with volume and light, and the quiet passage of time. All things being equal. was exhibited at the Ottawa Art Gallery’s Firestone Gallery in Ottawa from August 21 through September 13, 2015.

Objective: Applications of Cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) have increased dramatically in dentistry. Incidental findings (IFs) beyond the area of interest may be encountered. The maxillary sinus incidental findings in CBCT were considered the highest in the literature. This systematic review aims to analyze present literature on IFs in the maxillary sinus using CBCT Methods: Electronic databases was searched for studies on the maxillary sinus incidental findings in CBCT to assess the prevalence and significance of the incidental findings. Results: The initial search retrieved 239 abstracts, of which only 9 studies met the inclusion criteria. The sample size ranged from 34-1029 participants with a mean age of 35.4. The prevalence of incidental findings in the maxillary sinus was between 27 to 62.4%. Such findings in the maxillary sinus vary in importance and the need for intervention. The most common incidental findings were the thickening of the mucosal membrane followed by the polypoid lesion. / Oral Biology

Introduction A biloma is a loculated accumulation of bile outside of the biliary tree; it can either be intrahepatic or extrahepatic. They are usually caused by trauma, iatrogenic procedures like endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), laparoscopic cholecystectomy, percutaneous procedures like transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, microwave ablation, or percutaneous biliary drainage. We are presenting a case of a 78-year-old male with an incidental diagnosis of large biloma noted on CT scan which was obtained for routine lung cancer screening. Case presentation A 78-year-old male with a past medical history of prostate cancer and diabetes was admitted to the hospital after a routine Low dose CT lung screening for lung cancer showed an incidental finding of a liver lesion suggestive of neoplasm. Abdominal examination was unremarkable. CT abdomen and pelvis showed a 9 cm cystic and solid liver lesion in segment 5 associated with gallbladder fossa. The gallbladder was large, and hydropic, with an irregular wall, consistent with intrahepatic rupture of the gallbladder. Blood cultures were negative with no organisms seen on the gram stain, and no growth on the anaerobic culture as well. CT was concerning for cholangiocarcinoma associated with the gallbladder or could be intrahepatic rupture of the gallbladder. Ultrasound-guided Biopsy of the lesion showed needle core fragments of liver parenchyma with granulation tissue with cholestatic pigment associated with foreign body giant cell reaction. Rare foci of necrosis were present. The adjacent hepatocytes showed reactive changes. The overall findings were consistent with intrahepatic biloma. A Cholecystostomy tube was placed to drain the biloma. Repeat CT showed persistent intrahepatic biloma with slightly reduced size. A pigtail catheter was placed to drain the biloma. Discussion Spontaneous bilomas are a rare entity caused by bile leaks that are encapsulated either inside or outside of the liver without cause. Most often, they are secondary to iatragenic or traumatic causes. The common manifestations of biloma are abdominal pain, jaundice, fever, and leukocytosis, none were found in our patient. Appropriate diagnostic imaging includes Ultrasound, HIDA, CT, or even MR imaging. Differential diagnoses include bilhemia, angioma, abscess, cystic lesions, lymphocele, seroma, or hematomas, which can be differentiated with fluid studies. Complications such as infection, perforation, and impingement on surrounding structures may arise. Radiological image-guided aspiration gives us a definitive diagnosis, fluid studies help rule out the infection. Smaller bilomas less than 4 cm may resolve. Treatment of choice may include minimally invasive techniques such as percutaneous drainage or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with appropriate stent placement and surgical removal for those that are refractory to treatment.

Commercial fishing results in the incidental capture, injury, and mortality of marine mammals. Often, this occurs at levels constituting an existential threat to individual populations or species. One solution to this global problem is gear modification, which is generally the preferred strategy of the fishing industry. Gear modifications can sometimes achieve bycatch reduction, but commonly suffer from several important limitations: (a) they are often narrowly focused on individual species or populations, have limited applicability to others, and often carry risks to other marine species and ecosystems; (b) they may be implemented in the absence of adequate scientific assessment of their efficacy; (c) testing new gear can actually subject threatened species to increased bycatch risk, a problem compounded by the extreme difficulty of obtaining adequate sample sizes; and (d) a disproportionate focus of this work occurs in developed countries, even though most of the world’s fishing sector (98%) is located in developing countries, as are many of the marine mammals threatened by bycatch. Here, I present global reviews of techniques for reducing marine mammal bycatch in gillnets, and for large whales in multiple gear types. Next, I present results from a field study in a small-scale non-industrial gillnet fishery, in which the catch and bycatch are compared between traditional gillnets and an alternative gear (pots). The most commercially valuable fish species were caught in both, however with differences in size class selectivity. Switching gears may represent a more promising approach than making incremental modifications to existing ones. Lastly, I employ a new computer model that simulates conflicts between the endangered North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) and fishing lines. The model examined their tensile strength under different entanglement scenarios, as an aid for evaluating the potential of using ropes with reduced breaking strength that are practical for fishing but allow large baleen whales to break free if entangled. The results support the use of these “whale-release” ropes to reduce entanglement risk within a large subsector of the US east coast lobster fishery. These studies highlight the benefits of applying new tools and strategies for reducing marine mammal bycatch.

O rascunho visuoespacial é um subcomponente da memória de trabalho que possui a função de reter e processar as informações visuais e espaciais. Atualmente as pesquisas sugerem o fracionamento deste sistema de memória em um componente visual separado do espacial. Um processo de conjunção faria com que a integração destas informações fosse disponibilizada à consciência. Estudos propõem que o processo de conjunção na memória de trabalho visuoespacial seja tanto de natureza representativa, na qual as características unidas criam uma nova representação do objeto, quanto associativa, na qual ocorre uma conexão entre as características separadas do objeto. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a dissociação do rascunho visuoespacial e a natureza da conjunção da informação visual com a espacial na memória de trabalho. No primeiro experimento o participante deveria realizar uma tarefa de detecção na mudança, na qual a dimensão relevante para a resposta poderia ser a informação visual ou a espacial. A conjunção incidental das informações seria verificada pela mudança na dimensão irrelevante. Neste experimento tarefas secundárias espaciais e visuais foram inseridas no intervalo de retenção das provas. No segundo experimento a dissociação visual e espacial foi testada inserindo na codificação uma tarefa secundária que não utilizasse recursos gerais da atenção (flicker preto e branco e colorido). Os resultados do primeiro experimento mostram uma interferência seletiva das tarefas secundárias, indicando uma dissociação visuoespacial. A queda no desempenho na tarefa visual em virtude da mudança irrelevante da informação espacial sugere que a conjunção destas informações ocorreu de maneira incidental. Entretanto, quando esta tarefa é realizada sob interferência de uma tarefa secundária espacial, o efeito de conjunção incidental não acontece. Isto sugere que a natureza da conjunção incidental é associativa, dada a seletividade da interferência na dimensão irrelevante. A ausência do efeito do flicker como tarefa secundária no segundo experimento não permitiu a replicação dos dados do primeiro experimento. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que a informação visual é armazenada de maneira dissociada da informação espacial, mas que ambas podem ser integradas em um tipo de conjunção na qual a associação das informações é armazenada na memória de trabalho. / The visuospatial sketchpad is a subcomponent of working memory which retain and process the visual and spatial information. Currently research suggests that this memory system is divided in a space component apart from a visual one. The binding process make the integration of this information available to consciousness. Studies suggest that the process of conjunction in visuospatial working memory has both representative, in which the characteristics together generate a new object representation, and associative nature, in which separate object features are connected. This study aimed to investigate the dissociation of visuospatial sketchpad and the characteristics of visual and spatial information conjunction in working memory. In the first experiment, the participant performed a change detection task, in which the relevant dimension for the answer could be the visual or spatial information. The incidental combination of information was verified by changing the irrelevant dimension. In this experiment, visual and spatial secondary tasks were included during the retention interval. In the second experiment, the visual and spatial dissociation was tested by inserting a secondary task that did not use the general resources of attention (black and white and colored flicker) in the encoding phase. The results of the first experiment show a selective interference of secondary tasks, indicating dissociation visuospatial. The drop in performance in the visual task due to the change of irrelevant spatial information suggests that the conjunction of this information occurred incidentally. However, when this task is performed under interference of a space secondary task, the effect of incidental conjunction was not observed. This suggests that the nature of the incidental conjunction is associative, given the selectivity of the interference in the irrelevant dimension. The absence of the flicker effect as secondary task in the second experiment did not allow replication of data from the first experiment. The results of this study suggest that visual information is stored in dissociated manner from spatial information, but both can be integrated into a kind of combination in which associated information is stored in working memory.

A characterization reproductive of fish study may help in determination of recurring patterns of behavior and to facilitate response predictions to demographic disturbance in the spatial and temporal scales in determined zoogeographical area. Therefore, the objective was to identify the reproductive aspects of bycatch exploited by driftnet fishing community of Jaraguá, Maceió / Alagoas. To that end, samples were collected in two boats per month from December 2009 to November 2010. 2149 fish, 51 species and 25 families were collected, being the most abundant family Haemulidae. The high selectivity of gill nets resulted in a low range of total length (150-601 mm). Among the most abundant species (n &#8805; 30) the number of females was significantly higher (p <0.05), except B. marinus. We suggest the occurrence of split spawning for A. vulpes, B. marinus, C. chrysurus, C. nobilis, E. alletteratus, H. parrai, H. plumieri, O. oglinum, O. ruber and P. corvinaeformis. Recorded little fluctuation of the values of Gonadosomatic Index, Condition Factor and Repletion index, per season, which agrees with the expected for tropical regions. A portion of young individuals of E. alletteratus, A. vulpes and C. crysos indicates that driftnet fishing in the area does not meet any standard of maturity in relation to the capture of species. Identified were three groups of species, according to results of PCA, explained mainly by the size at first maturity, and comprimeto total gonad weight, contained in factor 1 explains 50.74% variance. The variance index of reproductive activity values suggest that P.maculatus, C. crysos and O. ruber species are most vulnerable to the impact of fishing on reproductive activity. Thus, these fisheries are at risk of impact on the reproductive process of harvested species, highlighting the need to implement regulatory measures for fisheries with gillnets in Alagoas. / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas / A caracterização reprodutiva dos peixes pode ajudar na determinação de padrões recorrentes e facilitar previsões sobre respostas a perturbações demográficas nas escalas espaciais e temporais em determinada dada área zoogeográfica. Diante disso, o objetivo do trabalho foi identificar aspectos reprodutivos da ictiofauna acompanhante explotada pela pesca de emalhe da frota artesanal de Jaraguá, Maceió/Alagoas. Para tanto, coletas mensais do desembarque foram realizadas entre dezembro de 2009 e novembro de 2010. Foram coletados 2149 peixes, de 51 espécies e 24 famílias, sendo Haemulidae a família mais abundante. A alta seletividade da rede de emalhe resultou em uma amplitude estreita de comprimento total (150 - 601 mm). Dentre as espécies mais abundantes (n&#8805;30) o número de fêmeas foi significativamente maior (p<0,05), com exceção de B. marinus. Sugere-se a ocorrência de desova parcelada para A. vulpes, B. marinus, C. chrysurus, C. nobilis, E. alletteratus, H. parrai, H. plumieri, O. oglinum, O. ruber e P. corvinaeformis. Registrou-se pouca flutuação sazonal dos valores do Índice Gonadossomático, Fator de Condição e Índice de Repleção Estomacal, fato característico das regiões tropicais. Uma parcela de indivíduos jovens de E. alletteratus, A. vulpes e C. crysos indica que as capturas da pesca de emalhe na área não atende a nenhum padrão relacionado à maturidade das espécies. Identificaram-se três grupos de espécies, conforme os resultados da PCA, explicados principalmente pelo tamanho de primeira maturação, comprimento total e peso das gônadas, contidos no fator 1que explica 50,74% da variância. As variações do índice de atividade reprodutiva sugerem que O. ruber, C. crysos e P. maculatus são as espécies mais vulneráveis ao impacto da pesca. Sendo assim, estas pescarias apresentam risco de impacto sobre o processo reprodutivo das espécies capturadas, destacando a necessidade da implantação de medidas reguladoras das pescarias com rede de emalhe em Alagoas.

O rascunho visuoespacial é um subcomponente da memória de trabalho que possui a função de reter e processar as informações visuais e espaciais. Atualmente as pesquisas sugerem o fracionamento deste sistema de memória em um componente visual separado do espacial. Um processo de conjunção faria com que a integração destas informações fosse disponibilizada à consciência. Estudos propõem que o processo de conjunção na memória de trabalho visuoespacial seja tanto de natureza representativa, na qual as características unidas criam uma nova representação do objeto, quanto associativa, na qual ocorre uma conexão entre as características separadas do objeto. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a dissociação do rascunho visuoespacial e a natureza da conjunção da informação visual com a espacial na memória de trabalho. No primeiro experimento o participante deveria realizar uma tarefa de detecção na mudança, na qual a dimensão relevante para a resposta poderia ser a informação visual ou a espacial. A conjunção incidental das informações seria verificada pela mudança na dimensão irrelevante. Neste experimento tarefas secundárias espaciais e visuais foram inseridas no intervalo de retenção das provas. No segundo experimento a dissociação visual e espacial foi testada inserindo na codificação uma tarefa secundária que não utilizasse recursos gerais da atenção (flicker preto e branco e colorido). Os resultados do primeiro experimento mostram uma interferência seletiva das tarefas secundárias, indicando uma dissociação visuoespacial. A queda no desempenho na tarefa visual em virtude da mudança irrelevante da informação espacial sugere que a conjunção destas informações ocorreu de maneira incidental. Entretanto, quando esta tarefa é realizada sob interferência de uma tarefa secundária espacial, o efeito de conjunção incidental não acontece. Isto sugere que a natureza da conjunção incidental é associativa, dada a seletividade da interferência na dimensão irrelevante. A ausência do efeito do flicker como tarefa secundária no segundo experimento não permitiu a replicação dos dados do primeiro experimento. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que a informação visual é armazenada de maneira dissociada da informação espacial, mas que ambas podem ser integradas em um tipo de conjunção na qual a associação das informações é armazenada na memória de trabalho. / The visuospatial sketchpad is a subcomponent of working memory which retain and process the visual and spatial information. Currently research suggests that this memory system is divided in a space component apart from a visual one. The binding process make the integration of this information available to consciousness. Studies suggest that the process of conjunction in visuospatial working memory has both representative, in which the characteristics together generate a new object representation, and associative nature, in which separate object features are connected. This study aimed to investigate the dissociation of visuospatial sketchpad and the characteristics of visual and spatial information conjunction in working memory. In the first experiment, the participant performed a change detection task, in which the relevant dimension for the answer could be the visual or spatial information. The incidental combination of information was verified by changing the irrelevant dimension. In this experiment, visual and spatial secondary tasks were included during the retention interval. In the second experiment, the visual and spatial dissociation was tested by inserting a secondary task that did not use the general resources of attention (black and white and colored flicker) in the encoding phase. The results of the first experiment show a selective interference of secondary tasks, indicating dissociation visuospatial. The drop in performance in the visual task due to the change of irrelevant spatial information suggests that the conjunction of this information occurred incidentally. However, when this task is performed under interference of a space secondary task, the effect of incidental conjunction was not observed. This suggests that the nature of the incidental conjunction is associative, given the selectivity of the interference in the irrelevant dimension. The absence of the flicker effect as secondary task in the second experiment did not allow replication of data from the first experiment. The results of this study suggest that visual information is stored in dissociated manner from spatial information, but both can be integrated into a kind of combination in which associated information is stored in working memory.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-05-25T12:17:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 marjoricorreamendes.pdf: 1303367 bytes, checksum: 86a178ed9fc84ca1ac5a1dfe38cd75ba (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-05-25T13:34:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 marjoricorreamendes.pdf: 1303367 bytes, checksum: 86a178ed9fc84ca1ac5a1dfe38cd75ba (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-25T13:34:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marjoricorreamendes.pdf: 1303367 bytes, checksum: 86a178ed9fc84ca1ac5a1dfe38cd75ba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-23 / Os atuais processos de globalização (KUMARAVADIVELU, 2006), caracterizados principalmente pela popularização da internet no mundo, têm influenciado diretamente na maneira como entendemos e vivenciamos as mais diversas formas de contato linguístico em nossa vida cotidiana. Paradoxalmente, embora seja preciso lançar mão de diferentes práticas discursivas durante as interações diárias das quais participamos, parece que a relação língua estrangeira/escola no Brasil ainda se mostra um tanto quanto controversa. Dessa forma, torna-se imperativo pensar em novas estratégias e abordagens para o tratamento da língua estrangeira enquanto disciplina na sala de aula, a fim de que ela se alinhe às demandas dessa nova realidade na qual estamos inseridos. Para isso, porém, faz-se necessário abandonar a ideia de que o aprendiz precisa ser “proficiente” em uma língua e concentrar esforços em torná-lo capaz de (inter)agir dentro dos contextos nos quais transita – exercendo, portanto, o que chamaríamos de bilingualidade (SALGADO, 2008). Acreditamos, neste trabalho, que tal desenvolvimento pode ser potencializado por uma educação bilíngue de orientação dinâmica (GARCÍA, 2009), desde as séries iniciais da escolarização, caracterizada pelo foco no aprendiz e pela potencialização de interações ditas incidentais dentro de sala de aula, i.e., interações cujo foco se distancia do foco da aula em determinado espaço de tempo e, dessa forma, proporciona ao aprendiz oportunidades de aprendizado não previstas pelo professor. Esta dissertação se baseia num processo de descrição de estratégias de desenvolvimento da bilingualidade de aprendizes inseridos em contextos escolares através do aprendizado incidental (KERKA, 2000; VAZQUEZ, 2014; GRIM-FEINBERG, 2015). De forma mais específica, procuramos discutir também: i) quais são os desdobramentos de se ter o aprendiz como centro do processo de aprendizagem; ii) como fomentar o aprendizado incidental dentro do contexto escolar; e iii) a importância de se desenvolver a agentividade dos aprendizes em seus processos de construção de conhecimento. Para tanto, foram analisados documentos (a saber, notas expandidas, vídeos e relatórios) produzidos a partir de dois contextos, nos quais crianças aprendizes de inglês começaram sua exposição à língua inglesa na faixa etária dos 03 aos 08 anos e tiveram suas aulas elaboradas e executadas a partir desta concepção de educação bilíngue. A fim de entender como se dava este processo, as interações documentadas foram mapeadas em três categorias: interações do tipo aprendiz-aprendiz, aprendiz-contexto e aprendizprofessor. A análise destes dados aponta para o fato de que: i) além da bilingualidade foi possível notar o desenvolvimento de outras habilidades nos aprendizes, como suas práticas de letramento na língua estrangeira em questão; ii) apesar das peculiaridades de cada contexto, os aprendizes se mostraram muito engajados e disponíveis às aulas, o que contribuiu significativamente para o seu desenvolvimento lingüístico; e iii) o aprendizado incidental se configura, de fato, como uma importante ferramenta no processo de desenvolvimento da bilingualidade dos aprendizes inseridos em contexto escolar, e recomenda-se, portanto, que seja fomentado através das abordagens metodológicas escolhidas por cada instituição. / The ongoing process of globalization (KUMARAVADIVELU, 2006), characterized mainly by the popularization of the internet around the world has been influencing directly the way we understand and live experiences involving language contact in our everyday life. Paradoxically, although we need to use different discursive practices while interacting with others, it seems that the relation between foreign language and schools in Brazil is still controversial. Thus, it is extremely important to think about new strategies and approaches to work with foreign language as a discipline inside the classroom in order to make it closer to our reality. It is necessary, though, to change the idea that the learner needs to be “proficient” in a language and focus on make them capable of (inter)act in the contexts they belong to – using what we would call bilinguality (SALGADO, 2008). This paper proposes that such development might be encouraged by a bilingual education setting with dynamic orientation (GARCIA, 2009) since the beginning schooling. The focus should be on the learner and the potentiation of interactions called incidental in the classroom - what means interactions in which the main goal is not the goal of the class and because of that it presents to the learner opportunities of learning that could not be predicted by the teacher when preparing the class. Thus, this work aims to describe and analyze strategies of development of bilinguality of learners in school settings through incidental learning (KERKA, 2000; VAZQUEZ et al., 2014; GRIM-FEINBERG, 2015). More specifically, it also discuss 1) the consequences of having the learner as the focus of the learning process; 2) how to foster incidental learning in the classroom and 3) the importance of developing the agency of the learners in their process of building their knowledge. For doing so, it was analyzed the documentation (for the records, expanded notes, videos and reports) produced from two different contexts in which children learning a foreign language had classes elaborated and applied in this model of bilingual education. To understand how the process worked, the interactions documented were divided in three categories: interactions learner-learner, interactions learner-context and interactions learner-teacher. The analysis of the data suggests that 1) besides the development of bilinguality in these learners, it was possible to notice the development of other skills, such as their literacy in the foreign language; 2) even considering the specificities of both contexts, the learners seemed to be engaged and available to the classes, what contributed significantly to their linguistic development and 3) the incidental learning seems to be an important tool in the process of developing the bilinguality of the learners inside school settings and it is advised to be fostered though the methodological approaches chosen by each institution.

La presente tesis se centra en el análisis de la efectividad del aprendizaje incidental a través de vídeos auténticos con especial atención a la variable de repetición. Además de la revisión bibliográfica y el estudio crítico de las obras anteriores, la novedad de esta tesis reside en los estudios que la componen: una encuesta y tres estudios experimentales. La encuesta proporciona información sobre las actitudes de los estudiantes de inglés como lengua extranjera (LE) sobre el uso de vídeos auténticos para el aprendizaje de inglés, en general, y su vocabulario, en particular. El objetivo principal de la parte experimental de la tesis consiste en examinar el posible aprendizaje incidental de distintos aspectos de nuevo vocabulario (forma, significado, uso en frases y acento léxico) a través de vídeos auténticos. Se presta una atención especial al posible efecto del aumento de repeticiones de nuevas palabras en vídeos auténticos para el aprendizaje incidental de nuevo léxico. Mientras que los resultados de la encuesta revelan que los estudiantes de inglés asumen la utilidad de ver vídeos auténticos para el aprendizaje de distintas destrezas del inglés, la parte experimental no proporciona una evidencia clara sobre su efectividad. En relación a la variable de repetición, con el aumento de palabras nuevas en vídeos auténticos, los resultados de los estudios demuestran que solo se observa una correlación positiva entre el aprendizaje de la forma de nuevas palabras y el aumento de repeticiones. Sin embargo, para los aspectos de significado y acento léxico, no se constata una relación positiva.