ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose of the study is to present what a big increase of volume at the material handling process would mean for a company, and how different processes within the handling process would be affected. This study will show, non-value-added processes that can exist within the material handling are also visualized, and how to make a potential effectivization. To be able to answer the aim of the study three research questions was created: How can a company’s material handling handle a volume increase of 30 %? Which non-value-added processes limit the material handling within companies?  What methods exist for inventory management and what are the benefits of these?   Methodology: A literature review have been conducted in parallel with a case and benchmarking study.  The case study contains qualitative interviews, observations and experiment, and by this a process mapping has been conducted to visualizes muda through the process. The benchmarking studies is relying on interviews as well as observations on three different companies. The literature review contains processes that are used for material handling, inventory, lean, automation, layout, cost optimization, delivery capability as well as VMI inventory.     Result: The study result in a visualization of muda in the material handling process at the case company, through this improvement proposals could be delivered regarding the working process. With the visualization as a base a cost estimation regarding individual mudas cost and the following consequences. The benchmarking studies resulted in improvement suggestions at the case company and an indication of what the different methods would mean when adapted. The companies have different aspects in relation to the case company which mean that the different improvement suggestions are of different magnitudes.     Implications: The purpose of the study has been achieved by answering the research questions. By identification of non-value-added through the process curtain points for improvement has been identified. The improvement suggestions have support from the literature review and the benchmarking study. As the study has only been conducted at one company during a curtain period of time the author reserves for a generalization of the identified factors that does not include all companies, and should instead be seen as an indication.     Recommendations: For further studies regarding volume increase at the material handling process should be studied at other companies with other limitations than the case company to further increase the scientific value. / SAMMANFATTNING Syfte: Forskningsstudien syfte är att kartlägga vad en stor ökning av volym vid materialhanteringsprocessen innebär för ett företag och hur olika processer inom denna blir påverkade. I denna kartläggning visualiseras också vilka icke värdeskapande processer som kan finnas vid en materialhantering och hur en potentiell effektivisering kan utföras. För att uppnå studiens syfte har tre frågeställningar formulerats: Hur kan ett företags materialhantering hantera en volymökning på 30 %? Vilka icke värdeskapande processer begränsar materialhanteringen hos företag? Vilka metoder finns att tillämpa för lagerhantering och vilka är fördelarna med dessa?   Metod och genomförande: En litteraturstudie har genomförts parallellt med en fall och benchmarkingstudie. Fallstudien består av kvalitativa intervjuer samt observationer och experiment, i och med detta har en processkartläggning genomförts för att visualisera muda i processens steg. Benchmarkingstudierna bygger på intervjuer samt observationer på tre stycken fristående företag. Litteraturstudien omfattar de processer som tillämpas vid materialhantering, lager, lean, automation, layout, kostnadsoptimering, leveranssäkerhet samt VMI-lagring.   Studiens resultat: Studien resulterade i visualisering av muda i materialhanteringen vid fallföretaget, ur detta kunde förbättringsförslag tas fram gällande de olika momenten i arbetsprocessen. Med visualiseringen som grund skedde en kostnadsuppskattning om respektive mudas kostnader och var dessa får för följder. Benchmarking studierna resulterade i förslag på förbättringspunkter hos fallföretag samt en indikation av vad dessa metoder innebär vid implementering. Företagen hade olika utgångspunkter i förhållande till fallföretaget vilket innebär att de olika förbättringsförslagen är av olika storleksgrad.   Implikationer: Studiens syfte har uppnåtts genom att de frågeställningar som formulerats har besvarats. Genom identifikation av icke värde adderande processteg har punkter för förbättring visualiserats. De förbättringsförslag som framtagits har stöd av litteratur samt benchmarking studie. Då fallstudien endast utförts på ett företag under en tidsperiod förbehåller sig författaren för att en generalisering av de identifierade faktorerna ej gäller för alla företag utan de bör ses som en indikation.   Rekommendationer: Vidare rekommenderas att ytterligare studier gällande volymökning vid materialhantering studeras vid andra företag med andra kravställningar än fallföretaget för att utöka den vetenskapliga grunden.

The spatially distributed adaptive array is defined and analyzed. It is applied to both time division multiple access (TDMA) and code division multiple access (CDMA) cellular networks to improve the outage probability at either the base station or mobiles. In a TDMA network, the distributed array consists of three sub-arrays at alternate corners of a hexagonal cell. It is shown analytically that the SINR of combined beamforming of the distributed sub-arrays is greater than or equal to the SIR or independent beamforming of the sub-arrays. Closed form solutions are derived for estimating the BER performance of Rayleigh fading mobile signals received at a distributed adaptive array with combined beamforming of the sub-arrays. The simulated TDMA uplink outage probability of multiple same-cell co-channel users in a fading environment is compared between conventional, spatially distributed arrays with independent beamforming of the sub-arrays and combined beamforming of the sub-arrays. The effect of the antenna element spacing, number of elements and angular spread is also investigated. Spatially distributed arrays are formed in a CDMA network on the downlink with arrays in multi-way soft handoff with the mobiles. The outage probability performance of combined beamforming of the arrays in handoff is compared to independent beamforming of the arrays as well as to conventional sectorized antennas. The range between mobiles and distributed sub-arrays in the case of a spatially distribu-ted array can be larger than between conventional center cell arrays and mobiles. Therefore, the effect of interference on the range increase relative to an omni antenna of adaptive and phased arrays in a multipath environment for both narrowband and wideband spread spectrum systems is investigated. An analytical model for predicting the asymptotic range limitation of phased arrays when the angular spread exceeds the array beamwidth is derived. / Thesis (PhD (Electronic Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering / unrestricted

The total size of the world population is likely to increase from its current 7 billion to 8-10 billion by 2050. This uncertainty is because of unknown future fertility and mortality trends in different parts of the world. But the young age structure of the population and the fact that in much of Africa and Western Asia, fertility is still very high makes an increase by at least one more billion almost certain. Virtually, all the increase will happen in the developing world. For the second half of the century, population stabilization and the onset of a decline are likely. In addition to the future size of the population, its distribution by age, sex, level of educational attainment and place of residence are of specific importance for studying future food security. The paper provides a detailed discussion of different relevant dimensions in population projections and an evaluation of the methods and assumptions used in current global population projections and in particular those produced by the United Nations and by IIASA.

This thesis deals with the development and particularly the changes in the tax burden over limit personal income achieved in 2012 and 2013. Changes resulting from the Act No. 500/2012 Coll., Amending laws in connection with the reduction of fiscal deficits. The work contains a summary of the most interpretative problems that have emerged in the context of practical application of the solidarity tax increase during 2013. Subsequent clarification of problematic situations is explained by the results of the negotiations and Opinions of the General Financial Directorate and the Chamber of Tax Advisers. The aim of the thesis is to measure the effective tax rates for taxpayers model, follow-on-year comparisons and drawing up estimates of selected indicators. Models payers are based on regional statistics of labor cost and so they represent real employees with excessive income. The effective tax rate increased in the richest model by 9.06 percentage points. Total number of employees covered by the solidarity tax increase estimated at 64,954 people. Estimating revenues of the public budget for the fiscal year 2013 amounts to 845 million CZK and an estimate of the administrative costs taxpayers 12.4 million CZK.

The thesis discusses the issue of employment of people with disabilities and also how to extend their number in the financial sector. The work is divided into theoretical and practical part. The introduction of the theoretical part describes the evolution of the term disabled person within Czechoslovak legal system and its transformation into nowadays used form - person with disabilities. Thesis also lists the most important international documents governing the concept and the rights of persons with disabilities and finally, defines the issue of the employment of people with disabilities in accordance with current legislation. The analytical part of thesis compares the data aquired by Czech bank and assesses the impact of the low number of employees with disabilities of all employees. Main objective of the survey carried out among selected employees of the Bank and using the questionnaire, is to determine the subjective point of view of employees on the issue of employment people with disabilities. The main objective of this thesis is to design possibilities and increas the number of employees with disabilities in the financial sector.

Sammanfattning   Bakgrund: Inom skolsköterskans arbetsfält ingår hälsofrämjande arbete med sexuell hälsa. I utbildningen till skolsköterska saknas antingen ämnet helt eller ges bristfälligt. Kunskap kring sexuell hälsa samt utformningen av det hälsofrämjande arbetet inhämtas istället via vidareutbildning som arbetsplatsen erbjuder. Tidigare studier har visat att utbildningsinterventioner inom arbetsområdet sexuell hälsa kan ge skolsköterskor ökad kompetens, liknande studier saknas i Sverige.   Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva om en utbildningsintervention om sexuell hälsa påverkat skolsköterskornas arbetssätt med det hälsofrämjande arbetet inom sexuell hälsa.   Metod: Studien var en enkätstudie bestående av slutna och öppna frågor och utgjordes av en jämförelse av svaren från två identiska enkäter som skickades ut före respektive efter en utbildningsintervention. De slutna frågorna i enkäten analyserades med hjälp av deskriptiv statistik och de öppna frågorna med hjälp av konventionell innehållsanalys.   Resultat: Utbildningsinterventionen bidrog dels till att skolsköterskorna fick ökad kunskap i olika områden inom sexuell hälsa samt dels en känsla av ökad trygghet i samtalet kring sexuell hälsa. Skolsköterskorna ansåg även att samverkan med andra professioner var betydelsefullt för ett framgångsrikt hälsofrämjande arbete med sexuell hälsa.   Slutsatser: Utbildningsinterventioner av liknande slag kan öka kompetensen och därmed öka tryggheten i arbetet kring sexuell hälsa.   Nyckelord: distriktsköterska, elevhälsa, kompetenshöjning, sexuell hälsa / Summary   The school nurse’s health promoting work with sexual health. A survey study.   Background: The school nurse's field of work includes health promotion work concerning sexual health. In school nurse education, either the subject is completely missing or given deficiently. Previous studies have shown that educational interventions in the area of sexual health can increase competence, similar studies are lacking in Sweden.   Objective: The aim was to describe how an educational intervention on sexual health effect school nurses´ work procedure in the health enhancing work in sexual health.   Method: The study was a questionnaire consisting of closed and open questions and consisted of a comparison of the answers from two identical questionnaires that were sent out before and after an educational intervention. The closed questions in the questionnaire were analyzed by using descriptive statistics while the open questions were analyzed using a qualitative, conventional content analysis.   Results: The educational intervention has helped the school nurses to gain increased knowledge in various areas of sexual health, as well as having created a sense of increased security in talking about sexual health. The school nurses also considered that a collaboration with other professions was important for successful health promoting work within sexual health.   Conclusions: Education interventions can increase competence and thus increase security in work on sexual health.   Keywords: district nurse, increase competency, school health service, sexual health

The subject of this diploma thesis is the elaboration of a plan for streamlining business operations by providing recreational benefits, which is a form of non-financial remuneration of employees enshrined in the collective agreement of the company. The plan is based on an analysis of the current situation together with a survey of employee demand for recreational centers of the company, on the basis of which individual proposals for future benefit management are made. These suggestions show the company a direction it should take to revive its current form and achieve the desired satisfaction of a larger proportion of employees, while at the same time streamlining the complex internal process associated with it. The resulting plan will serve as a basis for the decision of the company management in cooperation with the trade union to implement the proposed measures.

The master's thesis deals with the proposal of more effective production of a part. The theoretical part describes the technology of milling and drilling and the practical part focuses on the analysis of the current part production technology and the consumption of the machining time as assessment of the current machining process efficiency. The next part contains characteristics of the innovative technology, used tools and fixtures. In the conclusion both variants of production, the comparison of consumed machine time and production costs are evaluated.

This thesis deals with the efficiency improvement proposal of production of engineering component for agricultural machine. Firstly, the current production proces is described including description of the component and determination of manufacture times. The next part contains efficiency improvement proposal of production including determination of manufacture times. The last chapter contains a comparison of both variants in terms of production costs. The final provision summarizes results which were achieved and overall benefits of the thesis.

This thesis, in its theoretical part deals with the process of cutting, abrasion-resistant layers properties and their contribution to increasing of cutting properties. The second part of the thesis is experimental. It aims to determine, compare and subsequently evaluate cutting properties of threading tools using matrix taps with different types of PVD coatings. During implementation of the experiment, constant cutting conditions have been ensured and the only variable was the different types of coating layers. Outcome of the experiment is measurement of cutting torques in relation on time and rate of wear of cutting tools.