<p>Vårt samhälle är idag ett föränderligt kunskapssamhälle som ställer allt högre krav på oss medborgare. Från att vårt samhälle har varit mer kollektivistiskt, har det börjat ta några stadiga kliv mot ett mer individualistiskt samhälle. Idag kräver vårt arbetsliv allt mer av oss medborgare och det kräver att vi tar fram det bästa hos var och en av oss. Därmed har jag som avsikt att undersöka om arbetstagare på en specifik arbetsplats, märkt av denna förändring som sker enligt författare som forskar på området. Att vi har gått från det kollektiva till ett mer individinfluerat samhälle. Jag vill undersöka om det har implementerats i vårt arbetsliv eller om det ännu endast hänger i luften. Jag vände mig till en offentlig förvaltning med 102 deltagare som gjorde ett aktivt ställningstagande. Undersökningen gav mig möjligheten att se om kvinnor och män skiljer sig i sitt ställningstagande, i de påståendena som fanns. Jag hade en förförståelse om att det skulle finnas skillnader, men jag blev förvånad när jag upptäckte att det inte fanns några markanta skillnader mellan könen i flera ståndpunkter.</p> / <p>Our society today is a changing knowledge society that brings higher demands from it’s citizens. From that our society has been more collectivistic, it has been taking some large steps towards a more individualistic society. Today our working life demands more of us citizens and that demands us that we can take our best in each of us. Whit that I have an intention to investigate if the employees in a specific place of work. If they have notes something of these changing that happens, according to authors who are researching in the area. The fact that we have gone from the collective society to a more individual influenced society. I want to investigate if there has been implemented in our working society or if the collectivistic “still is hanging in the air”. I turned to a public administration whit 102 participants that made an active position in the questioners I gave them. The investigation gave me the opportunity to see if women and men are difference in there point of view. I thought it would be differences between the sexes, but I was surprised when I discovered that there wasn’t any remarkable difference between the sexes in several questions.</p>

Thesis (PH. D.)--New York University. / Bibliography: 2 p. at end. Also available in digital form on the Internet Archive Web site.

Vårt samhälle är idag ett föränderligt kunskapssamhälle som ställer allt högre krav på oss medborgare. Från att vårt samhälle har varit mer kollektivistiskt, har det börjat ta några stadiga kliv mot ett mer individualistiskt samhälle. Idag kräver vårt arbetsliv allt mer av oss medborgare och det kräver att vi tar fram det bästa hos var och en av oss. Därmed har jag som avsikt att undersöka om arbetstagare på en specifik arbetsplats, märkt av denna förändring som sker enligt författare som forskar på området. Att vi har gått från det kollektiva till ett mer individinfluerat samhälle. Jag vill undersöka om det har implementerats i vårt arbetsliv eller om det ännu endast hänger i luften. Jag vände mig till en offentlig förvaltning med 102 deltagare som gjorde ett aktivt ställningstagande. Undersökningen gav mig möjligheten att se om kvinnor och män skiljer sig i sitt ställningstagande, i de påståendena som fanns. Jag hade en förförståelse om att det skulle finnas skillnader, men jag blev förvånad när jag upptäckte att det inte fanns några markanta skillnader mellan könen i flera ståndpunkter. / Our society today is a changing knowledge society that brings higher demands from it’s citizens. From that our society has been more collectivistic, it has been taking some large steps towards a more individualistic society. Today our working life demands more of us citizens and that demands us that we can take our best in each of us. Whit that I have an intention to investigate if the employees in a specific place of work. If they have notes something of these changing that happens, according to authors who are researching in the area. The fact that we have gone from the collective society to a more individual influenced society. I want to investigate if there has been implemented in our working society or if the collectivistic “still is hanging in the air”. I turned to a public administration whit 102 participants that made an active position in the questioners I gave them. The investigation gave me the opportunity to see if women and men are difference in there point of view. I thought it would be differences between the sexes, but I was surprised when I discovered that there wasn’t any remarkable difference between the sexes in several questions.

Abstract Syftet med denna uppsats är att belysa eventuella motsättningar som parrelationer utsätts för i och med dagens individualistiska samhälle då individualism och tvåsamhet kan ses som motsatspar. Vi vill med detta få ökad förståelse för hur parrelationer präglas av samhället och vi har utgått ifrån fyra övergripande frågeställningar nämligen: 1. Hur är det att leva i en parrelation idag? 2. Hur yttrar sig eventuell motsättning mellan individuellt självförverkligande kontra att anpassa sig till en annan människa? 3. Är långsiktighet i dagen samhälle eftersträvansvärt? 4. Vilka förväntningar finns på parrelationen och hur påverkar familj eller omgivning dessa förväntningar? För att få klarhet i vårt område gjorde vi intervjuer med 10 personer som är sambos samt analyserade intervjusvaren utifrån teorier som berör individualism och relationer. Det som tydligt framkom som uppvisar individualismens inverkan var att samtliga påpekade betydelsen av att få vara för sig själv och inte bara vara ett par. Dessutom ville individerna gärna bestämma de gemensamma drömmarna själva. Samtliga syftade till att deras relation skulle vara länge men vissa menade att de skulle ske genom att leva för stunden och andra menade att det skulle bli genom långsiktigt tänkande och planering.

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As a media genre, advertising is viewed as a distorted mirror which reflects the complexity of culture, advertising therefore offers a unique opportunity to study the different context across cultures. This article generally looks at how advertising reflects culture by contrasting the expression of one core dimension of cultural values, individualism/collectivism, in print advertisements from two diverse societies: United States and Taiwan. This research analyzes the content of 591 American and Taiwanese print advertisements appearing from 2003 to 2004. Firstly, this article seeks to examine how Western advertising in Taiwan is. The results of this investigation reveal that 55.2 percent of the advertisements employed Western language (mainly English) and 45.5 percent of the advertisements utilized Caucasian models. With the appearance of English words and Western models in Taiwanese advertising, we might presume that Taiwanese commercial messages are indeed becoming more Western. However, I have no reason to believe that Taiwanese advertising is being wholly westernized, and therefore future researches are needed. Being traditionally classified as collective society, Taiwan has undergone tremendous transformation in terms of political/economical systems and the advertising industry through the process of industrialization and globalization. As to United States, it takes the leading role in the era of globalization and has imposed great impact on most parts of the world in economical or cultural way. Secondly, this research compares individualism/ collectivism appeared in this two different societies. According to the results, the use of single individuals is more pronounced in advertisements from Taiwan (73.1%), and less pronounced in United States (59.0%). This article also finds that advertisements from Taiwan as well as United States both reflect hybrid culture. For example, advertisements from the United States employed large proportion of appeals to self-improvement or self-realization while also contained the image of harmonious grouping. In contrast, advertisements from Taiwan embraced both Western and Eastern cultures, and therefore the content of Taiwanese advertising not only reflected the concerns about others, but contained a greater extent of focus on ambition. However, differences observed tend to be differences in degree, not in kind. In addition, this research also finds that ¡§product category¡¨ and ¡§product origin¡¨ would somehow influence the presentation of cultural values. Future intercultural research should take these two factors into consideration. In summary, this research found some similarities as well as differences between Taiwan and United States. The contents of advertisements reflect the hybridization of these two cultures and therefore illuminate the complicated and fluid essence of culture. The results imply that contemporary Taiwanese and American advertising is not only a ¡§distorted mirror¡¨ but a ¡§melting pot¡¨ of cultural values. There is no longer absolute and remote distance between East and West. Considered the macro structural power behind the advertising context, this research has admitted that the relationship among social context, cultural values and advertising should never be simple. The abundance and complexity of culture needs to be examined through different viewpoints instead of simply dichotomy or only one single research.

This thesis addresses how the Joel Osteen ministry uses mass media at its Lakewood church, located in Houston, Texas, and at its services around the nation. I studied this ministry?s religious use of media to understand what it communicates about the church or ministry itself. To assist in my analysis, I have applied the concept religious individualism. Herein, this concept describes an individual who sees him- or herself as separate from their Christian community (or affiliation) which stems from a belief in a God who is also directly involved in the lives of individuals. Religious individualism is acted out in four observable characteristics which include: displaying emotion to seek attention, taking personal responsibility for one?s spiritual growth, expecting God?s future blessing, and seeking one?s personal needs in a church above communal needs. I used this definition to determine whether Lakewood illustrated these traits in order to make an inference on how this would inform its use of mass media. I applied both field observation skills and qualitative content analysis in this study. My own observation was used during my own observation of the Lakewood services, while content analysis was used to analyze blog and newspaper articles covering Osteen-led services. Findings from both methodologies revealed that the Osteen ministry does not merely employ mass media as a tool but integrates it into the very image of the church, making its use necessary and natural. This conclusion was reached as both methodologies showed Lakewood and the Osteen ministry exemplifying each trait of religious individualism. In observance of its religious individualism, it appeared natural for the ministry and church to use media as it helped enforce the importance of each trait to the audience. Likewise, the results from both the field observation and content analysis show that the audience responded to Lakewood?s use of mass media as inseparable from the services. Perhaps paradoxically, it became necessary for the ministry to use mass media to reach an audience that expected to be addressed in a personal way, based on a value of personal needs being met.

Thesis (D. Min.)--Logos Evangelical Seminary, 2002. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 277-294).

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 37-39).

The purpose of this study was to ascertain the attitudes of fifth-grade students toward selected rights of individuals in the United States, using socio-economic status, sex, intelligence, and race as the classifying variables. The population included 245 fifth-grade black and white students from lower socio-economic and middle socio-economic backgrounds. The rights of individuals studied were: (1) the right to criticize the United States government, (2) the right to choose any religion, (3) the right for the poor to have government help, (4) the rights of blacks, (5) the rights of whites, and (6) the rights of women.