So Yuen-man. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 180-184). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract (English) --- p.i / Abstract (Chinese) --- p.ii / Acknowledgement --- p.iii i / Chapter Chapter One: --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1. --- Orientation --- p.1 / Chapter 2. --- Literature Review --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1 --- Domestic work and Migration in the New Economy --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- The increased demand for migrant domestic workers --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- The migration of domestic workers --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- The labor migration of Indonesian domestic workers in Hong Kong --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2 --- The labor migration of Indonesian domestic workers in Hong Kong --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- The Subordinate status of migrant domestic workers --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- The Resistance and Negotiation of migrant domestic workers --- p.18 / Chapter 3. --- Thesis Outline --- p.20 / Chapter 4. --- Methodology --- p.23 / Chapter 4.1 --- Getting general information --- p.23 / Chapter 4.2 --- Interviews --- p.23 / Chapter 4.3 --- Observation --- p.25 / Chapter 4.4 --- Ethical Issues --- p.25 / Chapter Chapter Two: --- The Demand for Domestic Workers in Hong Kong --- p.26 / Chapter 1. --- The increasing need for domestic workers --- p.27 / Chapter 1.1 --- Increased participation of women in the workforce --- p.27 / Chapter 1.2 --- A strategy to negotiate on conventional family relationships --- p.30 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- To protect the nuclear family from extended family's intervention --- p.30 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- To fulfill the conventional filial responsibilities of caring for elderly parents --- p.35 / Chapter 2. --- The changing domestic labor market in Hong Kong --- p.38 / Chapter 2.1 --- The position of Indonesian workers in the domestic labor market --- p.40 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- The formation of racial stereotypes of foreign domestic workers --- p.43 / Chapter Chapter Three: --- Labor Migration in Indonesia --- p.50 / Chapter 1. --- The economic incentives to migrate abroad --- p.51 / Chapter 1.1 --- Economic development and the labor market in Indonesia --- p.52 / Chapter 2. --- The feminization of migrant workers --- p.54 / Chapter 2.1 --- Migration as a household strategy to cope with family crises --- p.56 / Chapter 2.2 --- Migration as a tool to negotiate change in traditional views on marriage --- p.60 / Chapter 2.3 --- Migration as a strategy to enjoy independence --- p.64 / Chapter 3. --- Chapter summery --- p.66 / Chapter Chapter Four: --- Employment Process --- p.69 / Chapter 1. --- The administrative structure of migration --- p.69 / Chapter 2. --- The role of employment agency in Indonesia --- p.72 / Chapter 2.1 --- Live-in training camp in Indonesia --- p.73 / Chapter 2.2 --- Personal negotiation in the training camp: developing a network of assistance --- p.77 / Chapter 3. --- The role of job placement agency in Hong Kong --- p.81 / Chapter 3.1 --- Personal negotiations with the employment agent: getting their own passports --- p.83 / Chapter 4. --- Chapter summery --- p.88 / Chapter Chapter Five: --- On the Job - Neither Resistance Nor Domination --- p.91 / Chapter 1 . --- Domestic work in Hong Kong --- p.95 / Chapter 1.1 --- Working time and working space --- p.95 / Chapter 1.2 --- Social isolation --- p.99 / Chapter 1.3 --- Cultural adjustments --- p.103 / Chapter 1.4 --- The emotional aspects of deference --- p.109 / Chapter 2. --- Personal negotiation at work --- p.113 / Chapter 2.1 --- Playing with emotional displays --- p.115 / Chapter 2.2 --- Manipulative emotional bonding --- p.123 / Chapter 2.3 --- Developing local support networks --- p.130 / Chapter 3. --- Chapter summery --- p.132 / Chapter Chapter Six: --- Common Gathering Places --- p.134 / Chapter 1. --- The feeling of subordination in Hong Kong --- p.134 / Chapter 2. --- Formal support: NGOs and shelters --- p.137 / Chapter 2.1 --- Union leader --- p.138 / Chapter 2.2 --- Labor cases --- p.140 / Chapter 2.3 --- Demonstration --- p.143 / Chapter 2.4 --- General members --- p.145 / Chapter 3. --- Informal support: Victoria Park and other gathering places --- p.148 / Chapter 3.1 --- Solidarity among Indonesian workers in the gathering places --- p.151 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Gaining informal support to adapt to the public environment of Hong Kong --- p.152 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Gaining support to improve working conditions --- p.154 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Gaining strength to interact with the general public --- p.155 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Self-monitoring behavior in the gathering places --- p.157 / Chapter 4. --- Suspicion and alienation in the gathering places --- p.158 / Chapter 5. --- Gathering places as a platform for redefining identity --- p.163 / Chapter 6. --- Chapter summery --- p.166 / Chapter Chapter Seven: --- Conclusion --- p.168 / Chapter 1. --- Domestic work and migration in the new economy --- p.168 / Chapter 2. --- The migration experiences of Indonesian domestic workers in Hong Kong --- p.170 / Chapter 3. --- Self-reflection --- p.174 / Appendix --- p.178 / Chapter 1. --- Details of informants (Domestic workers) --- p.178 / Chapter 2. --- Details of informants (Employers) --- p.179 / Bibliography --- p.180

No description available.

Thesis (doctoral)--Université Paris X, 1982. / Distributor from label on t.p. Three folded maps inserted in pocket. Includes bibliographical references (p. [263]-268).

[Truncated abstract] The aim of this thesis is to describe and analyze how Indonesian female teen magazines represent Indonesian adolescents. Female teen magazines are an important source of information on how gender is constructed in Indonesia. The thesis will contribute modestly not only to knowledge in the immediate fields of gender relations and adolescence in Indonesia but also to the wider body of literature on the relationships among gender, capitalism and patriarchy and the role of print media in shaping these relationships. Consequently, I place my discussion of how adolescents are presented in Indonesian female teen magazines within a larger context of global-local interaction at the national level. This research places Indonesian female teen magazines within the wider genre of women’s magazines. Most of the research on female magazines is focused on women rather than female adolescents, but because gender relations in society cut across the generations, this research is relevant to the study of magazines for female adolescents. Theories about women’s magazines provide insight into women’s magazines as a forum of expression that reflects gender and power relations in society. Teen magazines exist due to the rising significance of Indonesian adolescents. Indonesian adolescents emerged as a significant social group because of the course of national history and the state’s national development. Adolescence in this thesis is not treated as a biological stage of human physical development, but as the result of changes in the perception and treatment of young people by the society in which they appear. In the analysis I use Merry White’s argument with regards to marketing strategies to adolescents. I claim that Indonesian female teen magazines often have a conflicting double agenda in representing adolescents.¹Teen magazines have to make money for publishers and advertisers in order to achieve their own financial security and, at the same time, these magazines have to acknowledge local values in order to be accepted by the society. For marketing purpose, adolescents in teen magazines are represented as a modern social group. Modernity in the magazines is associated with a globalized western popular culture. My particular interest is to explore to what extent and in what ways western influences (as the standard of modernity) are employed to construct representations of female adolescents. I argue that the ways the magazines construct their own ideals of the “west” are related to the ways they construct images of Indonesian female adolescents. The magazines portray local adolescents emulating western performance and appearance

Thesis (M.A.), Australian National University, 1983. / Title from start screen (viewed Sept. 2, 2004). "January 1983.

Thesis (M.T.S.)--Trinity Western Seminary, 1995. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 144-151).

Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) was used to measure Indonesian fourth grade elementary school students’ reading comprehension in 2006 and 2011. Indonesian students scored among the lowest of the participating countries with a score of 405 in 2006 and 428 in 2011, with the PIRLS average scale score being 500. These results raised questions about the alignment of the Indonesian curriculum with PIRLS. Alignment research between the PIRLS 2021 frameworks and the Curr13 language standards and textbooks (the current Indonesian curriculum) was conducted to provide Kemendikbud (Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture) with a prediction of students’ performance in future PIRLS. The alignment research was mixed methods research with an exploratory sequential design (a three-phase design). The first phase was qualitative data collection and analysis. Alignment instruments were developed using the components of Webb, NAEP ESSI, and HumRRO alignment models. The second phase identified features to be tested, where I revised the alignment instruments, guidelines, and codebook based on the first phase and created a new table. The revised instruments were then used to align Curr13 and PIRLS. The third phase was quantitative calculation using Webb's quantitative criteria (categorical concurrence, depth-of-knowledge consistency [DOK], range-of-knowledge correspondence, and balance of representation) and descriptive statistics. After the three phases, the interpretation used both the qualitative and quantitative data. The results found inconsistencies between Curr13 and PIRLS frameworks. There was no categorical concurrence between PIRLS frameworks and Curr13 unit assessments. Curr13 language standards and unit assessments did not include one PIRLS framework, evaluating and critiquing content and textual elements. This resulted in the absence of DOK for this framework. One PIRLS framework mostly covered by Curr13 language standards and unit assessments was interpreting and integrating ideas and information. DOK and balance of representation were achieved in this framework. Two PIRLS frameworks on comprehension processes (focusing on and retrieving explicitly stated information and making straightforward inferences) aligned to Curr13 and had a balance of representation but weak DOK. Meanwhile, Curr13 unit resources mostly aligned to one of two reading purposes in the PIRLS framework, acquiring and using information, but was weakly aligned with the other one, literary experience. The implication of research findings was to support Kemendikbud in predicting students’ performance in future PIRLS participation by examining the inconsistencies between Curr13 and PIRLS. Recommendations were provided for the elementary school teachers, students, parents, publishers, policymakers, local governments, and other elementary school stakeholders to be familiar with and understand PIRLS. The role of AKSI should also be maximized. In addition, the concept and practice of curriculum alignment should be introduced and enacted into the educational system in Indonesia.

The IPCC's report in 2018 projects global warming will increase by 1.5oC in 2030, which makes contribution of each country to control their emissions becomes significant. This study seeks to investigate what entitlement human beings have over the absorptive capacity of the atmosphere as well as the harm it caused by elaborating the Entitlement Theory of Justice, thereto, finding out how the burden of climate change should be distributed according to the Polluter Pays Principle (PPP) and the Equal per Capita Shares Principle (ECSP). Furthermore, this study seeks to investigate Indonesia's part in increasing the burden of climate change and whether Indonesia should be held responsible for its part by comparing data of Indonesia's emissions to some developed countries' emissions. Humanity has a collective ownership over the absorptive capacity of the atmosphere, which implies that every individual has equal share of this absorptive capacity. A violation of this equal share should be compensated. The PPP suggests countries, who has the most cumulative amount of emissions from the past to present, to compensate and bear the climate change burden. While, the ECSP suggests countries, who emit more than their equal share per capita, to bear the climate change burden and reduce their emissions. Indonesia, despites massive amounts of CO2 released by its deforestation and annual haze, contributes insignificant to climate change due to both its cumulative and per capita emissions are considerably low compared to developed countries and even lower than acountry with large population size such as China.

The democratic decentralization of government administration in Indonesia from 1999 represents the most dramatic shift in governance in that country for decades. In this dissertation I explore how health managers in one kabupaten (regency) are responding to the new political environment. Kabupaten health managers experience decentralization as incomplete, pointing to the tendency of central government to retain control of certain health programs and budgets. At the same time they face competing demands for autonomy from puskesmas (health center) heads. Building on Scott's (1985) idea of a "moral economy" I delve beneath the political tensions of competing autonomies to describe a moral landscape of underlying beliefs about how government ought to behave in the health sector. Through this analysis certain failures and contradictions in the decentralization process emerge, complicating the literature that presents decentralization as a move in the direction of "good governance" (Mitchell and Bossert 2010, Rondinelli and Cheema 2007, Manor 1999). Decentralization brings to the fore the internal divisions within government, yet health workers present a united front in their engagements with the public. Under increasing pressure to achieve global public health goals such as the Millennium Development Goals, health managers engage in multiple translations in converting global health discourses into national and local health policies and in framing these policies in ways that are comprehensible and compelling to the general public. Using the lens of a "cultural theory of state" (Corrigan and Sayer 1985) I describe how health professionals and volunteers draw on local cultural forms in order to render global frameworks compatible with local moralities. I introduce the term "moral pluralism" to describe how individual health workers interrelate several moral frameworks in their health promotion work, including Islam, evidence based medicine and right to health. My conclusion is that kabupaten health managers are engaging in two balancing acts. The first is between decentralization and (re)centralization and deals with the proper way to manage health programming. The second is between global health discourses and local cultural forms and concerns the most effective way to convey public health messages in order to bring about behavior change in line with national and global public health goals. This is the first anthropological study of how government officials at different levels negotiate the process of health decentralization in the face of increasing international pressure to achieve global public health goals.

Title: Indonesian-English Neural Machine Translation Author: Meisyarah Dwiastuti Department: Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics Supervisor: Mgr. Martin Popel, Ph.D., Institute of Formal and Applied Linguis- tics Abstract: In this thesis, we conduct a study on neural machine translation (NMT) for an under-studied language, Indonesian, specifically for English-Indonesian (EN-ID) and Indonesian-English (ID-EN) in a low-resource domain, TED talks. Our goal is to implement domain adaptation methods to improve the low-resource EN-ID and ID-EN NMT systems. First, we implement model fine-tuning method for EN-ID and ID-EN NMT systems by leveraging a large parallel corpus contain- ing movie subtitles. Our analysis shows the benefit of this method for the improve- ment of both systems. Second, we improve our ID-EN NMT system by leveraging English monolingual corpora through back-translation. Our back-translation ex- periments focus on how to incorporate the back-translated monolingual corpora to the training set, in which we investigate various existing training regimes and introduce a novel 4-way-concat training regime. We also analyze the effect of fine- tuning our back-translation models with different scenarios. Experimental results show that our method of implementing back-translation followed by model...