Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Methamphetamine (METH) is a psychostimulant with high abuse potential. Currently there are no pharmacological treatments specific for relapse to METH use disorder. Chronic METH abuse has been associated with changes to the dopamine and glutamate neurotransmitter systems, as well as inflammation. Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors are known to affect cAMP involved in dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission, as well as having anti-inflammatory action. In pre-clinical models, phosphodiesterase inhibitors can reduce behaviors associated with the self-administration of drugs of abuse if given directly before tests of relapse-like behavior. However, they have not been examined in the more clinically relevant context as a treatment for use during abstinence from drugs of abuse. To address this gap, a METH self-administration model in the rat was used in which roflumilast, a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, was administered during the abstinence period before a relapse test. The overarching hypothesis was that roflumilast inhibited inflammation associated with METH self-administration abstinence to reduce subsequent relapse-like behaviors. A detailed behavioral analysis showed that the chronic treatment with roflumilast during 7 days of forced abstinence reduced relapse-like behavior to METH seeking and METH taking. Roflumilast treatment during 7 days of forced abstinence did not affect subsequent sucrose seeking and sucrose taking behaviors. Biochemical analyses of proteins related to dopamine and glutamate neurotransmission did not reveal changes in these neurotransmitter systems, nor was there evidence of overt inflammation. These data suggest that roflumilast may be a treatment for METH use disorder that is effective when taken during abstinence, but further studies related to the mechanism of action of roflumilast are needed.

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