O processo de crescimento da produção da soja e a necessidade de eficiência em seu escoamento, atrelado a um menor custo logístico total, demanda a elaboração de um planejamento operacional que delimite as áreas de influências dos portos, as hinterlands; e mantenha a estabilidade do mercado. Entretanto, o menor custo logístico total para escoamento da produção não é respeitado em alguns fluxos por conta de restrições de transporte multimodal. Em consonância a isso, os projetos futuros de implantação de novas rotas para o escoamento da produção, delimitadas por investimentos em transporte multimodal, instalação de novos portos e terminais de transbordo de carga, vem interferindo nessas áreas de influência aumentando a dinâmica do negócio. Este estudo possui como objetivo caracterizar a dinâmica das rotas de escoamento da produção, listar as suas interferências, mapear a discussão a respeito do conceito de hinterlands e apresentar metodologias para sua delimitação. O modelo proposto será aplicado a todos os portos que participaram do comércio exterior da soja em 2011, com destaque para o Píer 3, da Vale S/A. Como resultados esperados, deverão ser respondidos dois questionamentos fundamentais: 1) qual a importância do Píer 3, da Vale S/A, no que tange ao escoamento da safra agrícola brasileira, e na sua competitividade de custo logístico total? 2) O terminal será necessário no futuro? / The growth process of soybean production and the need for efficiency in its flow, coupled to a lower total logistics costs, demand the development of an operational plan that demarcates the areas of influence of the ports, the Hinterlands, and maintain market stability. However, the lowest total logistics costs for production flow are not respected in some scenarios due to restrictions of the multimodal transportation. Correspondingly, future projects to implement new routes for the production flow, bounded by investments in multimodal transport, installation of new ports and terminals cargo transshipment, are interfering in these areas of influence increasing business dynamics. This study aims to characterize the dynamics of the flow of production routes, list their interference, map the discussion about the concept of hinterlands and present methodologies for its delimitation. The proposed model will be applied to all ports participating in the foreign trade of soybeans in 2011, with emphasis on the VALE S/A Pier 3. The expected results should answer two fundamental questions: 1) what is the importance of VALE S/A Pier 3 regarding the distribution of the Brazilian harvest, and the competitiveness of total logistics costs? 2) The terminal will be needed in the future?

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-08-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:17:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pereira_ao_me_ilha.pdf: 1126782 bytes, checksum: 37c93fd07b6a505d3594ded83f7d8e30 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O reservatório da Usina Hidrelétrica de Ilha Solteira localiza-se entre os estados de São Paulo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais e Goiás inserindo-se na bacia hidrográfica do rio Paraná. Além da geração de energia elétrica e de atividades turísticas, os usos da água do reservatório também são destinados para abastecimento público, afastamento de efluentes domésticos, irrigação e atividades industriais. Devido à boa qualidade de suas águas, apresenta uma forte tendência ao aumento do uso e ocupação de suas margens exigindo medidas disciplinadoras na bacia hidrográfica. Assim sendo, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo a caracterização do uso e ocupação do solo na área de influência do reservatório de Ilha Solteira, bem como a identificação dos impactos ambientais existentes e potenciais em 2006. A área de influência do reservatório foi estimada em 9.949.631 hectares, dos quais 891.768 hectares (8,96%) são destinadas a diversos usos, incluindo, em sua maioria, as pastagens e, em menor proporção, foram identificados solos expostos, aglomerados agropecuários e agricultura. A área de vegetação natural é de 66.659 hectares (0,67%), muito inferior ao estabelecido pela legislação (1.985.538 hectares)... / Ilha Solteira's reservoir is located in the border of São Paulo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais and Goiás, inserted in the Paraná River watershed. Beyond of electric power generation and tourist activities the water uses of the reservoir also are destined for public supplying, removal of domestic effluents, irrigation and industrial activities. Due to good water quality, it presents one strong trend to the increase of the land use of the shore line, which demands disciplinarians' regulations in the watershed. The present work has as objective to characterize the land use of the influence area of the Ilha Solteira's reservoir, as well, determine the existing and potential environment impacts. In the influence area of 9.949.631 hectares, the results shows that the natural vegetation remaining had presented 66,659 hectares (0.67%) of the area of influence of the reservoir, when an area of 1.985.538 hectares must be required. With regard to the vulnerability to soil erosion, the data shows that 38.4% of erosive processes and 61.6% of siltation had been detected in 2006. Potential environment impacts had demonstrated that 75% is related with second residences, beyond 1.685 hectares of existing tracks. The existing environment impact in the influence area is related... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)

O processo de crescimento da produção da soja e a necessidade de eficiência em seu escoamento, atrelado a um menor custo logístico total, demanda a elaboração de um planejamento operacional que delimite as áreas de influências dos portos, as hinterlands; e mantenha a estabilidade do mercado. Entretanto, o menor custo logístico total para escoamento da produção não é respeitado em alguns fluxos por conta de restrições de transporte multimodal. Em consonância a isso, os projetos futuros de implantação de novas rotas para o escoamento da produção, delimitadas por investimentos em transporte multimodal, instalação de novos portos e terminais de transbordo de carga, vem interferindo nessas áreas de influência aumentando a dinâmica do negócio. Este estudo possui como objetivo caracterizar a dinâmica das rotas de escoamento da produção, listar as suas interferências, mapear a discussão a respeito do conceito de hinterlands e apresentar metodologias para sua delimitação. O modelo proposto será aplicado a todos os portos que participaram do comércio exterior da soja em 2011, com destaque para o Píer 3, da Vale S/A. Como resultados esperados, deverão ser respondidos dois questionamentos fundamentais: 1) qual a importância do Píer 3, da Vale S/A, no que tange ao escoamento da safra agrícola brasileira, e na sua competitividade de custo logístico total? 2) O terminal será necessário no futuro? / The growth process of soybean production and the need for efficiency in its flow, coupled to a lower total logistics costs, demand the development of an operational plan that demarcates the areas of influence of the ports, the Hinterlands, and maintain market stability. However, the lowest total logistics costs for production flow are not respected in some scenarios due to restrictions of the multimodal transportation. Correspondingly, future projects to implement new routes for the production flow, bounded by investments in multimodal transport, installation of new ports and terminals cargo transshipment, are interfering in these areas of influence increasing business dynamics. This study aims to characterize the dynamics of the flow of production routes, list their interference, map the discussion about the concept of hinterlands and present methodologies for its delimitation. The proposed model will be applied to all ports participating in the foreign trade of soybeans in 2011, with emphasis on the VALE S/A Pier 3. The expected results should answer two fundamental questions: 1) what is the importance of VALE S/A Pier 3 regarding the distribution of the Brazilian harvest, and the competitiveness of total logistics costs? 2) The terminal will be needed in the future?

When building tunnels in rock, an inflow of groundwater is likely induced. Depending on the hydraulic properties of the rock and the surrounding soils, the inflow may cause a decline in the groundwater level above the tunnel line with possible consequences for nearby well facilities or groundwater dependent environments. Discharge of the inflowing groundwater represents an operation of water (vattenverksamhet in Swedish) according to the Swedish environmental law, meaning that permission must be applied for at the Environmental Court. In the application, the operator presents an area of influence for groundwater, which defines the area where the groundwater levels could change due to the planned operation. In this work, the area of influence has been defined as the area where the groundwater level is lowered by more than five centimeters. As part of the project Tvärförbindelse Södertörn in southern Stockholm, the Swedish Transport Administration is planning for the construction of a tunnel in rock adjacent to Glömstadalen in Huddinge municipality. The aim of this master thesis was to investigate the extension of the area of influence of the tunnel through two-dimensional groundwater modelling. A site-specific model was created in the program SEEP/W by establishing a cross-section orthogonal to the tunnel and through examination of the hydrogeological conditions in the area. Steady-state modelling of both unsaturated and saturated flow was then carried out including and excluding the tunnel. Through this, the change in groundwater levels due to the tunnel could be reviewed. Since the development of the model required simplifications and assumptions of the site-specific conditions, a simple sensitivity analysis was also performed where a few model parameters were altered to examine how the area of influence changed. The modelling results showed that the tunnel, when sealed suitably, at most changed the groundwater levels 680 meters north and 840 meters south along the studied cross-section. The smallest effect on the groundwater levels was observed 400 meters north and 560 meters south of the tunnel. Differences in the extension of the area of influence were noticed depending on how the outflow of groundwater in Glömstadalen was represented, and which sealing properties around the tunnel were used. Furthermore, the modelling showed that the hydraulic conductivity of the rock is of major importance for the location of the groundwater table, and therefore it is considered relevant to perform hydraulic tests in the rock to increase the reliability of the model.

Orientador: Mauricio Augusto Leite / Banca: Jose Augusto de Lollo / Banca: Evaldo Luiz Gaeta Espindola / Resumo: O reservatório da Usina Hidrelétrica de Ilha Solteira localiza-se entre os estados de São Paulo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais e Goiás inserindo-se na bacia hidrográfica do rio Paraná. Além da geração de energia elétrica e de atividades turísticas, os usos da água do reservatório também são destinados para abastecimento público, afastamento de efluentes domésticos, irrigação e atividades industriais. Devido à boa qualidade de suas águas, apresenta uma forte tendência ao aumento do uso e ocupação de suas margens exigindo medidas disciplinadoras na bacia hidrográfica. Assim sendo, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo a caracterização do uso e ocupação do solo na área de influência do reservatório de Ilha Solteira, bem como a identificação dos impactos ambientais existentes e potenciais em 2006. A área de influência do reservatório foi estimada em 9.949.631 hectares, dos quais 891.768 hectares (8,96%) são destinadas a diversos usos, incluindo, em sua maioria, as pastagens e, em menor proporção, foram identificados solos expostos, aglomerados agropecuários e agricultura. A área de vegetação natural é de 66.659 hectares (0,67%), muito inferior ao estabelecido pela legislação (1.985.538 hectares)... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Ilha Solteira's reservoir is located in the border of São Paulo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais and Goiás, inserted in the Paraná River watershed. Beyond of electric power generation and tourist activities the water uses of the reservoir also are destined for public supplying, removal of domestic effluents, irrigation and industrial activities. Due to good water quality, it presents one strong trend to the increase of the land use of the shore line, which demands disciplinarians' regulations in the watershed. The present work has as objective to characterize the land use of the influence area of the Ilha Solteira's reservoir, as well, determine the existing and potential environment impacts. In the influence area of 9.949.631 hectares, the results shows that the natural vegetation remaining had presented 66,659 hectares (0.67%) of the area of influence of the reservoir, when an area of 1.985.538 hectares must be required. With regard to the vulnerability to soil erosion, the data shows that 38.4% of erosive processes and 61.6% of siltation had been detected in 2006. Potential environment impacts had demonstrated that 75% is related with second residences, beyond 1.685 hectares of existing tracks. The existing environment impact in the influence area is related... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:33:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Olga da C Pinto Tscha.pdf: 2208660 bytes, checksum: 135b0383b28889ee15e57c9075a4b1aa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-03 / The west region of the state of Parana, although having a significant transportation infrastructure, capable of supporting the important route of national and international tourism, presents little diversification in passenger transportation. This way, investments in infrastructure, location and influence area that the airport of Cascavel has on the region could determine the choice of this mode of transportation by users of the west region of Parana as means of transportation. The objective is to analyze the influence measured in distance between the cities and check what is the probability of the cities of the west region of Parana of using air transport for their displacements; verification to be done by application of Huff s gravity model. For that, the options of destinations of the airports of Cascavel, Foz do Iguaçu and Maringá were used. The results show that, in the current situation, that is, with 34 options of destination, the airport of Cascavel has little influence on the region s users of air transport. In a hypothesis, however, that the three airports analyzed have the same number of destinations, that is, 202, the airport with the biggest capability of growth and development is the one of Cascavel. This fact may be justified by its geographical position in the west region of Parana. / A região Oeste do Paraná, que, apesar de possuir uma infraestrutura de transportes significativa, capaz de dar suporte a importante rota de turismo nacional e internacional, apresenta pouca diversificação no que diz respeito a transporte de passageiros. Assim, investimentos em infraestrutura, a localização e a área de influência que o aeroporto de Cascavel tem sobre a região podem determinar a escolha desse modal pelos usuários da região Oeste do Paraná como meio de transporte. Objetiva-se analisar a influência -- medida em distância entre as cidades -- e verificar qual a probabilidade de os municípios da região Oeste do Paraná de utilizarem o transporte aéreo para os seus deslocamentos, verificação a ser feita via aplicação do modelo gravitacional de Huff. Para tanto, utilizaram-se as opções de destinos dos aeroportos de Cascavel, de Foz do Iguaçu e de Maringá. Os resultados demonstram que, na situação atual, ou seja, com 34 opções de destinos, o aeroporto de Cascavel possui pouca influência sobre os usuários de transporte aéreo da região. Numa hipótese, no entanto, em que os três aeroportos analisados possuam o mesmo número de destinos, ou seja, 202, o aeroporto com maior possibilidade de crescimento e desenvolvimento é o de Cascavel. Esse fato pode ser justificado pela posição geográfica em que ele se encontra na região Oeste do Paraná.

At present, the usage of FEM-programs becomes wider for loads effect calculation of bridges. Even though the calculation in all FEM-programs works following the same procedure, it differs when it comes to moving loads where we can identify two different approaches, ILM and ISM (influence line and influence surface method). ISM is used in FEM-programs that are most adapted for bridges where moving loads have great influence, while ILM is used in FEM-programs where moving loads are less important as house constructions. The aim is to evaluate the use of ILM programs (eg FEM-Design) when managing of moving loads in bridge and facilities contexts. This is achieved by comparing the results obtained from ILM programs with the results obtained from IYM programs. In addition, it will be checked how FEM-Design envelops the max and min values regarding (most adverse, conditional summation and unconditional summation). The comparison between those two methods was carried out using two different FEM programs based on different methods. Work carried out using FEM-Design (ILM program) and Brigade/Standard (ISM program). A platform bridge has been modeled and analyzed in both programs and a comparison between the results of both models has been performed. This comparison aims to investigate how ILM and ISM works when calculating moving loads and its influence in a bridge plate and in what way these two methods differ. to achieve comparable results between the programs, we examined different parameters and conditions. The thesis has shown which factors influenced the difference av results between FEM-Design and Brigade, and which summation methods that FEM-Design uses. / I dagsläget blir användning av FEM-program ännu bredare för lasteffektsberäkning och analys av brokonstruktioner. Trots att beräkningen sker i princip enligt samma process i alla FEM-program skiljer den sig när det handlar om rörliga laster. När det gäller beräkning av rörliga laster identifieras två olika metoder: ILM och IYM (influenslinje- och influensytametod). Influensytametod används i de FEM-program som är anpassade framförallt för brokonstruktioner där rörliga laster har stor påverkan, medan influenslinjemetod används i FEM-program där rörliga laster har mindre betydelse t.ex. huskonstruktioner. Målet är att utvärdera användning av ILM-program (t.ex. FEM-Design) vid hantering av rörliga laster i bro- och anläggningssammanhang. Detta uppnås genom att jämföra resultaten man får från ILM-program med resultaten som fås från IYM-program. Dessutom skall det kontrolleras hur FEM-Design utvärdera max- och minvärdena med hänsyn till mest ogynsamma, vilkorlig summering och ovilkoriga summering. Jämförelsen mellan de två metoderna har utförts med hjälp av två olika FEM-program som är baserade på de olika metoderna: FEM-Design 18 (ILM-program) och Brigade/standard 4.3 (IYM-program). En plattbro (en enkel bro) har modellerats och analyserats i båda programmen och en jämförelse mellan resultaten från båda modellerna har utförts. Denna jämförelse ämnar undersöka hur influenslinje- och influensytametoden fungerar vid beräkning av rörliga laster och dess påverkan i en brobaneplatta, och på vilket sätt dessa två metoder skiljer sig åt. För att uppnå jämförbara resultat mellan programmen undersöktes/studerades olika parametrar och förutsättningar. Examensarbetet har visat vilka faktorer som påverkat skillnaden av resultat mellan FEM-Design och Brigade, och vilka summeringsmetoder som FEM-Design använder.

Grundvatten finns över allt i marken och vid byggnation under markytan är det därför viktigt att tagrundvattnets påverkan i beaktning för att inte skada miljö eller närområde. Hur en lokalgrundvattenstörning sprids i närområdet är normalt svårbedömt, och modelleringsverktyg har blivit ett vanligt verktyg för att undersöka flöden och potentiell påverkan på grundvatten. I detta arbete utvecklasen grundvattenmodell i ModelMuse med Modflow 6 för att undersöka påverkansområdet för en planeradbyggnation som kräver en grundvattensänkning, i Veddesta, Järfälla kommun. Arbetet syftar även tillatt bedöma de olika parametrar som krävs för modelleringen och hur de kan mätas eller uppskattas. Inför modelleringen undersöktes akviferens egenskaper med slugtester och ett kort pumpningstestoch tidigare undersökningar användes för att skapa modellens lagerföljd. Modellen använde tre lager,som generellt från ytan representerade lera, friktionsjord (morän) samt ett berglager, där domänenbestämdes utifrån ett avgränsat avrinningsområde. Modellen kalibrerades manuellt mot observationer i flera grundvattenrör kring byggnationsområdet.För övriga delar av modellen gjordes endast en grov värdering av grundvattennivåerna, där vissa oklaranivåer kvarstod under vidare modellering. Den avsänkning som modelleras uppgår som mest till 3,3 m,medan grundvattenobservationer visar att avsänkningen endast bör uppgå till 1,8 m vid samma punkt.Denna avsänkning resulterar i en omfattande och kraftig påverkan över ett stort område, men denmodellerade påverkan är troligen överdriven då den ursprungliga grundvattensänkningen haröverskattats. Den modellerade grundvattenpåverkan riskera att skapa sättningar och skada byggnader inom ettstort område, men dess effekter kan kraftigt minskas om avsänkningen görs inom en vattentät spont. En enklare känslighetsanalys över parametrarna som använts visar att akvifertjockleken har stor påverkanpå det beräknade utloppet för att upprätthålla avsänkningen, men relationen till påverkansområdetsstorlek är mindre tydligt. Andra betydande osäkerheter finns inom den modelleradegrundvattenbildningen samt det avrinningsområde som användes som rand. Detta arbete visar på hur de mest kritiska parametrarna för grundvatten kan bestämmas eller väljasoch hur de påverkar resultatet. Arbetet belyser också riskerna med felaktiga värden, som trots att de kananses rimliga utifrån teorin inte är lämpliga vid modellering i tätbebyggda områden. Stora avvikelserfrån de initiala värden upptäcktes för grundvattenbildning och problem relaterade tillavrinningsområdet, som upptäcktes under modellens kalibrering. / Groundwater is found everywhere in the ground and when building below ground level, the groundwatermust be considered. Failure to do so may result in damage the environment by reducing wateravailability for vegetation, nearby structures through reduced ground stability or endanger drinkingwater resources. Groundwater is difficult to assess as it can only be directly observed throughobservation wells, and digital modelling tools have become a common tool for investigating flows andpotential impacts on groundwater. In this work, a groundwater model is being developed in ModelMusewith Modflow 6 to investigate the effective influence area for a planned construction in Veddesta,Järfälla municipality in Sweden. During this construction, the groundwater levels will be loweredtemporarily to enable excavation and construction below the natural groundwater level The work alsoaims to assess the various parameters required for the modelling and how they can be retrieved. Prior to the modelling, the properties of the aquifer, which is where the main groundwater transportoccurs, were examined with slug tests and a short pumping test. Data from previous investigations wereused to create the model's stratigraphy. The model used three layers, which generally represented clay,granular soil (till) and a thin rock layer and the model’s boundary was set based on an estimatedcatchment area.    The model was manually calibrated against observations in several groundwater pipes around theconstruction area. For other parts of the model, only a rough assessment was made of the groundwaterlevels, where areas of unclear pressure heads remained throughout the modelling. The modelledlowering of the groundwater amounts to 3.3 m, while groundwater observations show that the expectedlowering should be 1.8 m. The modelled displacement results in a widespread and significant impact,but the modelled impact is probably excessive as the initial lowering of the groundwater is larger thanwhat would be necessary during the construction. The modelled displacement of groundwater risks creating subsidence which will likely damagebuildings within a large area. The impact can be greatly reduced if the lowering of groundwater is donewithin a waterproof sheet pile, which enables dewatering within the excavation without effecting thesurroundings. A simple sensitivity analysis of the parameters used in the modelling shows that theaquifer thickness has a large impact on the calculated outlet across the model boundary, which representsthe required pumping to maintain the reduced groundwater level. The relation to the size of the effectiveinfluence area is less clear. Other significant uncertainties exist within the modelled groundwaterrecharge and the catchment area that was used as the model’s boundary. This work has shown how the most significant parameters for groundwater modelling can bedetermined or selected and how they affect the result. The work also highlights the risks of incorrectvalues, which, although they can be considered reasonable based on theory may not be suitable formodelling groundwater within built up area. Notable deviations from the initial values were rechargerate and issues related to the model domain, which were discovered during the calibration process.