Thesis (MMus) -- University of Stellenbosch, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: As an instrument the recorder enjoys an active following in South African schools, in tertiary institutions and in private tuition. In spite of this healthy interest, few teachers and students are afforded significant exposure to essentially good recorder playing, nor do they receive specialised tuition in the various aspects of this field of study. The development - and popularity - of the recorder reached a high point during the Baroque era. During this period the greatest repertoire for the instrument was composed. It is to this music that the player is mostly exposed. The French Baroque falls within the broader Baroque period and has provided a substantial repertoire that is freely available and regularly performed, either as part of an examination programme or as a self-study piece at eisteddfodau. It is clear, however, that among South African recorder teachers and students, the background knowledge required for a historically informed performance of pieces from this period is generally insufficient. The reason for this could be a lack of exposure to this particular style: a problem that cannot be overcome without a concerted effort on the part of the teachers and students to redress it. The purpose of this study is to stimulate an enthusiasm for French Baroque music among teachers and students, and to provide them with a store of knowledge they can then apply in a meaningful way in practice. It is far easier for the musician of the 21st century to look back objectively at the developments of the Baroque period and to appreciate the prolific contributions of the musicians of the time. However, it is important to remember that the numerous examples, expositions and definitions left to us by the composers of the Baroque should be interpreted as guidelines, rather than rigid rules. It is of crucial importance that these guidelines - ornamentation and its conventions, articulation, variable rhythmic groupings, as well as a background knowledge of the composers and the repertoire - be subjected to an in-depth study. Subsequently, by cultivating an instinct for good taste and judgment, justice will be done to the music of the French Baroque. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Blokfluit, as instrument, geniet 'n aktiewe belangstelling in Suid-Afrikaanse skole, tersiêre instansies asook in privaatonderrig. Ten spyte van hierdie belangstelling, word min onderwysers en studente aan goeie blokfluitspel en gespesialiseerde opleiding in die verskillende fasette rakende die vakgebied blootgestel. Die blokfluit het tydens die Baroktydperk sy grootste ontwikkeling en gewildheid beleef. Dit is tydens hierdie tydperk wat die meeste repertorium vir die instrument gekomponeer is; derhalwe is dit die musiek waaraan die blokfluitspeler die meeste blootgestel word. Die Franse Baroktydperk maak deel uit van hierdie tydgleuf en heelwat repertorium is geredelik beskikbaar en word deur spelers aangebied, hetsy as deel van 'n eksamenprogram of as 'n keuse vir byvoorbeeld 'n eisteddfod. Dit blyk egter dat 'n gebrek aan agtergrondkennis om werke uit hierdie tydperk op 'n histories ingeligte wyse uit te voer 'n probleem by Suid-Afrikaanse blokfluitonderwysers en - spelers te wees. Die rede hiervoor kan 'n gebrek aan blootstelling wees. Die leemte kan nie sonder meer oorbrug word as daar nie 'n doelbewuste poging deur die onderwysers en studente daartoe aangewend word nie. Hierdie studie se doel is om onderwysers en studente se entoesiasme aangaande Franse Barokmusiek aan te wakker en kennis daaroor te laat inwin ten einde dit in die praktyk sinvol te kan toepas. Die musikant van die een-en-twintigste eeu kan makliker objektief terugkyk na die ontwikkelinge wat tydens die Baroktydperk plaasgevind het as die musikant wat in die tyd geleef het. Die voorbeelde, uiteensettings en omskrywinge wat komponiste van daardie tyd nagelaat het, moet verkieslik as riglyne geïnterpreteer word, en nie as onbuigbare reëls nie. Dit is wel van uiterste belang dat hierdie riglyne - die versieringskuns, ornamentele gebruike, artikulasie, ongelykmatige ritmiese groeperings asook die agtergrondkennis rakende komponiste en repertorium - deeglik bestudeer word. Met die nodige kennis en blootstelling sal goeie oordeel by die uitvoer van die Franse 8arokmusiek sy beslag kry.

This study was designed to investigate the question of what goes on in a reader's mind as she transacts with extended text. It was a case study with one respondent, a ten year old girl. She reported, in writing, her thoughts during teacher read aloud, subsequent silent reading of the same text, and group discussions about the text. The findings support and flesh out Rosenblatt.s transactional theory, Vygotsky.s Zone of Proximal Development theory, and Lipman.s Philosophy for Children theory. Conclusions were that there are numerous sociocultural influences on a reader's transaction with text and that these influences must be taken into account in the classroom.

Rates of obesity in children are rising at an alarming rate, particularly among girls and ethnic minorities. Engaging in regular physical activity can help reduce this risk. Little is known about factors associated with physical activity (PA) in preadolescent populations, an age when intervention is ideal. Guided by Social Cognitive Theory, this study used a repeated-measures design to examine PA and its correlates, including PA self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and social influences (from parents and peers). Among participants (N = 57) in Girls on the Run, an innovative PA intervention for elementary school girls. Participants (M age = 9.4) predominately include girls from ethnic groups at highest risk for obesity, with 74% African American and 18% Hispanic. Multiple regressions indicated that, at baseline, girls with higher self-efficacy were significantly more likely to report greater intentions to be physically active (ß =.40, p ps p > .05). Overall, findings suggest the importance of targeting physical activity self-efficacy and fostering high levels of peer and parental support for physical activity to help girls meet recommended guidelines. Implications for future interventions are discussed.

D.Litt. et Phil.

The primary aim of the research attempted to investigate whether ethnic differences in self-image existed amongst White and African females. It further investigated whether specific factors such as family, peer relations and psychosocial factors (specifically perceptions regarding the media) have had a positive or negative influence on weight. Additionally it explored whether black females may still perceive a fuller figure as being more acceptable or whether changes have occurred within past and/or present ideologies. The study used both qualitative and quantitative analysis. In order to establish whether ethnicity was significantly different from BMI, BSQ, SATAQ-3, t-tests (non-parametric one-way ANOVA comparisons) were performed. Ethnicity was not significantly different in relation to the dependent variables BSQ; overall SATAQ-3 scores and its dimensions; and affirmation, belonging and commitment of the MEIM. However significant differences were found between BMI, the overall MEIM and its subscale ethnic identity. Low and high scores of the MEIM revealed no differences across all measurement instruments used within the study, demonstrating no effect upon BSQ or the SATAQ-3 and its subscales. However there was a significant difference found between ethnic groups with regard to BMI. Fisher’s –z was used to conduct comparisons between the correlations established using Pearson’s Rank Coefficient Correlations. The results indicated that significant relationships did exist between the BSQ, specific subscales of the SATAQ-3, and BMI. Results obtained from Fisher’s-z revealed significant differences on the BSQ and SATAQ-3 (including its subscales) correlations. Multiple Regression was conducted to establish whether BMI, MEIM and SATAQ-3 have had an impact upon the outcome of BSQ. The comparisons revealed that BMI and sociocultural factors may have an impact upon the perceptions of body shape and size. Major themes identified within the qualitative analysis were culture, inherited concepts, media, family, friends and parental (mother) influences amongst others. The results revealed that White females may experience greater body dissatisfaction. African females had stated that their body concept is influenced by ethnicity, while White females communicated media and stereotyped images of white females as being the source of pressure to loose weight.

Behavioural economics builds on psychology rather than on sociology, and on cognitive science rather than the science of culture. The same is true for new behavioural scholarship in the legal discipline, whether this is referred to as 'behavioural law and economics' or 'law and the behavioural sciences'. The result of a one-sided definition of a more realist research agenda in legal scholarship is an impoverished understanding of the 'social'. In Thaler and Sunstein's famous concept of nudging, social conformity appears as a property of the individual, which can be instrumentalized by social nudges. More generally, the cognitive strand of behavioural economics lends itself to strategies of regulatory 'debiasing', which suggests that it is possible to get down to pure preferences that are free from any distortions. While this approach neglects the endogeneity, or social contingency, of individual preferences, the social strand of behavioural economics is explicitly concerned with the dynamics of social interaction, or the effects of social interdependence. However, both strands of behavioural economics are still higher on methodological individualism, naturalism or positivism and lower on institutionalism, culturalism or constructivism than a genuinely sociological approach. More specifically, their understanding of the 'social' does not sufficiently account for the social embeddedness of both rational and irrational economic action. What is more, behavioural economics also lacks the means to reflect on the link between science and politics, which includes the question of why different models of economic man are attractive at different points in time. The conceptual move from rational to behavioural economic man bears distinctive policy implications, which are in line with the transformation of welfare capitalism towards 'less state' and 'more market'. While the overall direction of this project gets blurred in Thaler and Sunstein's branding of 'libertarian paternalism', it is evident in the adaptation of consumer policies, which proceeds under the imperative of market-conformity. Accordingly, a strategy of nudging does not put into question the wider institutional context but offers a technical solution to what is defined as a problem of individual behavioural rigidities and cognitive biases in the market environment.

A hipnose é um conjunto de técnicas usadas para provocar alterações nas percepções, sentimentos e experiências subjetivas de indivíduos, e tem uma história profundamente ligada ao desenvolvimento do campo da psicoterapia. Os fenômenos relacionados a este tema, tanto no campo da pesquisa quanto da clínica são complexos e envolvem influências sociais e diferenças individuais, em controvérsias ainda não sanadas pelos pesquisadores deste campo. Dentre as diferenças individuais salientamos a Hipnotizabilidade como um construto psicológico que descreve a capacidade dos sujeitos responderem à sugestão hipnótica, sendo a avaliação desta um elemento relevante para a correta interpretação das pesquisas experimentais, e para a compreensão de certos fenômenos da clínica psicológica. É digno de nota que a produção acadêmica internacional progride no estudo da hipnose, enquanto no Brasil temos ainda poucos trabalhos. Muitas razões podem ser atribuídas a esse descompasso, e dentre elas detectamos a falta de instrumentos padronizados de avaliação da hipnotizabilidade como um impedimento da realização de tais pesquisas. Assim, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo disponibilizar, em língua portuguesa, duas escalas de avaliação, a Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility: form A e a Stanford Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility: form C. Para isso as escalas foram traduzidas e adaptadas para o português brasileiro. Incluímos uma discussão sobre o procedimento de tradução de instrumentos dessa natureza, e como direcionamentos futuros sugerimos estudos de validação e normatização dessas escalas para a população brasileira / Hypnosis is a set of techniques used to provoke changes in an individuals perceptions, feelings and subjective experiences, and has a history deeply linked to the development of the psychotherapy field. The phenomena related to this theme, both in research and clinical fields, are complex and involve social influences and individual differences, in controversies not yet solved by the fields researchers. Among the individual differences we point Hypnotizability as a psychological construct that describes a subjects capacity to respond to hypnotic suggestion, which assessment is relevant to the correct evaluation of experimental research and the comprehension of certain clinical phenomena in psychology. It is of note that the international academic production advance in the study of hypnosis, while in Brazil we still have few studies. Many reasons can be attributed to this, and among them we detect the lack of standardized hypnotizability assessment instruments as a hindrance in making such research. So this research had the objective to make two assessment scales available in portuguese, namely the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility: Form A and the Stanford Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility: Form C. To this end the scales we translated and adapted to the brazilian portuguese language. We include a discussion about the procedure of translation of instruments such as these, e as future developments we suggest validation and normatization studies of these scales to the brazilian population

A presente pesquisa investigou os processos de influência em organizações, que são importantes para compreender como os gestores motivam seus subordinados; como as decisões são tomadas nas organizações; como os administradores obtêm cooperação de colegas sobre os quais eles não têm autoridade e como os administradores influenciam os superiores para obter apoio e recursos necessários. O objetivo principal foi verificar os efeitos de gênero e nível hierárquico no uso da influência interpessoal em ambiente organizacional. O instrumento usado foi o IBQ (Influence Behavior Questionnaire), um questionário de táticas de influência elaborado por Gary Yukl (State University of New York - Albany), que contém breves descrições de onze táticas (Persuasão Racional, Ser Inspirador, Consulta, Troca, Legitimação, Pressão, Apelos Pessoais, Coalizão, Ser Agradável, Informação e Colaboração) e campos para que os participantes (agentes) preenchessem, separadamente para subordinados, pares e chefes, com que freqüência eles as usavam no ambiente de trabalho. A resposta nesses campos podia variar de 1 (Eu não lembro de jamais ter usado esta tática) a 5 (Eu utilizo esta tática freqüentemente). Esse procedimento foi chamado auto-avaliação. Em seguida, realizou-se a heteroavaliação, realizada através da internet, na qual se pedia aos colegas de trabalho (alvos) dos participantes que respondessem a um questionário semelhante, avaliando a freqüência de uso, pelo agente, das mesmas táticas de influência. Além da freqüência de uso das táticas de influência pelo agente, pedia-se aos alvos que avaliassem a sua efetividade ao exercer influência, o seu desempenho no trabalho e a qualidade do relacionamento entre ambos, medidas de 1 a 7. A amostra foi constituída por 141 agentes e 274 alvos (subordinados, pares e chefes dos agentes). Análises fatoriais indicaram que o IBQ foi adequado para aplicação na amostra estudada. Observou-se, na presente pesquisa que a variável com maior efeito sobre o uso médio das táticas de influência foi a diferença de hierarquia entre agentes e alvos. Não foi observado efeito significativo de gênero sobre média de uso das táticas. No entanto, o gênero teve efeito na percepção de uso das táticas de influência, pois observou-se que os agentes homens relataram maior uso de quase todas as táticas, quando comparados aos seus alvos; as mulheres, por sua vez, tenderam a avaliar-se de forma semelhante à avaliação realizada por seus alvos. A tática mais usada foi persuasão racional, responsável em grande parte pela efetividade da influência, desempenho no trabalho e qualidade do relacionamento, principalmente quando usada em direção ascendente. A generalização dos resultados do presente estudo provê evidências da efetividade das táticas de influência em direção aos níveis hierárquicos. Além disso, foram observadas diferenças entre a auto e a heteroavaliação, sugerindo a importância de se realizarem ambas as análises nas pesquisas futuras. / The present research examined the processes of influence in organizations, which are important to comprehend how managers motivate their subordinates; how decisions are made in organizations; how business managers obtain cooperation from people over whom they have no authority and how managers influence their superiors in order to obtain support and necessary resources. The main purpose as to verify the gender effects and hierarchical level in the use of interpersonal influence in organizational environment. The method applied was the IBQ (Influence Behavior Questionnaire), a questionnaire of the tactics of influence developed by Gary Yukl (State University of New York - Albany), which contain brief descriptions of eleven tactics (Rational Persuasion, Inspirational Appeals, Consulation, Exchange, Legitimation, Pressure, Personal Appeals, Coalition, Ingratiation, Information and Collaboration) and fields for participants (agents) to fulfill, separately for subordinates, peers and superiors, how frequently they used each tactic in the work place. The answers in these fields could vary from 1 (I don\'t remember ever using that tactic) to 5 (I use this tactic frequently). This procedure was called self-report evaluation. Next, a heteroevaluation was realised, through the internet, in which participants\' co-workers (targets) were asked to answer a similar questionnaire, which evaluate how frequently the agent use the same influence tactics. In addition to identify the tactics used most often by the agent, targets were asked to evaluate the agent effectiveness while exercising influence, its performance art work and the quality of the relationship between both, measures from 1 to 7. The sample was built by 141 agents and 274 targets (agents\' subordinates, peers and superiors). Factorial analysis indicated that the IBQ was adequate for application in the studied sample. In the present research it was observed that the most effective variable on the average use of influence tactics was the hierarchic difference between agents and targets. A significant effect of gender upon average use of tactics was not observed. Nonetheless, gender was effective in the perception of influence tactics use, for it was observed that male agents reported greater usage of almost all the tactics when compared to their targets; female agents, on the other hand, tended to evaluate themselves similarly to the evaluation conducted by their targets. The most used tactic was rational persuasion, greatly responsible for the effectiveness of the influence, work performance and relationship quality, mainly when used in upward influence attempts. The generalization of results on the present study provides evidence of the efectiveness of influence tactics towards the hierarchic levels. Moreover, differences between the self and the hetero evaluations were observed, suggesting the importance of conducting both analysis in future research.

吳太平. / Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學硏究院歷史學部. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 505-546). / Wu Taiping. / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue yan jiu yuan li shi xue bu. / 緒論 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一章 --- 初期社會主義思潮之東傳（一八七○至一八九四年） --- p.9 / Chapter 第二章 --- 中國留日知識界的社會主義思潮（一八九五至一九一○年） --- p.25 / Chapter 第三章 --- 民國初年的社會主義思潮與日本之關係（一九一一至一九一七年） --- p.79 / Chapter 第四章 --- 俄國十月革命後中國社會主義思法之勃興與日本的關係（一九一八至一九二七年） --- p.110 / Chapter 第五章 --- 社會主義，民族主義與日本（一九二八至一九三七年） --- p.277 / 結論 --- p.369 / 註釋 --- p.374 / 書目 --- p.505

by Siu Fung Ying. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 48-54). / Abstract and questionnare in English and Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.iii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv / LIST OF TABLES --- p.v / Chapter CHAPTER 1: --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter CHAPTER 2: --- METHODOLOGY --- p.14 / Chapter CHAPTER 3: --- RESULT --- p.20 / Chapter CHAPTER 4: --- DISCUSSION --- p.37 / REFERENCES --- p.48 / APPENDIX --- p.55