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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Análise da segurança e da imunogenicidade da vacina influenza sazonal trivalente (fragmentada e inativada) integralmente produzida pelo Instituto Butantan em 2013, 2014 e 2015 / Safety and immunogenicity of a seasonal trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine produced by Butantan Institute in 2013, 2014 e 2015

Mondini, Gabriella 17 July 2018 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: A vacinação anual é recomendada como a medida mais efetiva contra a influenza sazonal. O Instituto Butantan (IB) realizou, anualmente, estudos clínicos das vacinas influenza sazonais trivalentes (fragmentada e inativada), produzidas em2013, 2014 e 2015. MÉTODO: Estudos de coorte prospectivos para descrever a imunogenicidade e a segurança da vacina influenza produzida pelo IB nos anos de 2013, 2014 e 2015 em participantes adultos saudáveis e idosos. Após assinatura do TCLE os participantes foram submetidos à coleta de sangue e receberam uma dose da vacina. Nos dias 1, 2 e 3 após a vacinação foram contatados para avaliação da segurança (reações adversas solicitadas locais e sistêmicas e não solicitadas). No dia 21(+7) pósvacinação retornaram ao centro de pesquisa para nova checagem da segurança e para a coleta de sangue para a avaliação da imunogenicidade pós-vacinação. As análises de imunogenicidade foram feitas através do método inibição de hemaglutinação (IH). Os desfechos de imunogenicidade foram: porcentagem de soroconversão (SC), porcentagem de soroproteção (SP) e razão da média geométrica dos títulos (RMGT) de anticorpos inibidores da hemaglutinação. O estudo de 2013 foi conduzido no Centro de Referência para Imunobiológicos Especiais (CRIE) e no Centro de Pesquisa Clínica do Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, os estudos de 2014 e 2015 foram realizados apenas no CRIE. As composições das vacinas utilizadas nos estudos em 2013, 2014 e 2015 seguiram as recomendações da OMS para vacina influenza sazonal do hemisfério sul. RESULTADOS: No ano de 2013, foram incluídos no estudo 47 adultos e 13 idosos, em 2014, 60 adultos e 60 idosos e em 2015, 62 adultos e 57 idosos. Nos estudos de 2013, 2014 e 2015, dor foi a reação adversa local mais frequente e cefaleia a sistêmica mais relatada. Todas as reações adversas observadas foram classificadas como leves ou moderadas e nenhuma como grave. Porcentagens de SP > 70% e >60% foram demonstradas para adultos e idosos, respectivamente, para os três vírus vacinais, nos estudos de 2013, 2014 e 2015. Porcentagem de SC > 40% foi demonstrada para os adultos, para os três vírus vacinais, apenas no estudo de 2014 e porcentagem de SC >30% foi demonstrada nos idosos, para os três vírus vacinais, apenas nos estudos de 2013 e 2014. RMGT > 2.5 nos adultos para os três vírus vacinais foi demonstrada apenas no estudo de 2013 e RMGT > 2 nos idosos, para os três vírus vacinais, foi demonstrada nos estudos de 2013, 2014 e 2015. CONCLUSÃO: As vacinas influenza sazonal de 2013, 2014 e 2015, produzidas integralmente pelo Instituto Butantan, foram seguras e imunogênicas segundo os parâmetros de imunogenicidade definidos pela EMA / INTRODUCTION: Annual vaccination is most effective way to prevent seasonal influenza illness. Instituto Butantan (IB) performed clinical studies with its 2013, 2014 and 2015 seasonal trivalent influenza vaccines (split-virion and inactivated) METHODS: Prospective cohort studies to describe the safety and immunogenicity of Instituto Butantan influenza vaccine, in healthy adults and elderly, from 2013 to 2015. Soon after the informed consent was signed, participants underwent blood collection followed by vaccination. On study days 1, 2 and 3 post vaccination participants were contacted by the stuffy to evaluate the occurrence of solicited (local and systemic) and non-solicited adverse reactions. On study day 21(+7) subjects returned to the clinical site for final safety assessments and blood collection for the immunogenicity evaluation post vaccination. The immunogenicity analyses were performed by means of haemagglutination inhibition assay (HI). The immunogenicity endpoints were: seroprotection (SPR) and seroconversion (SCR) rates and the geometric mean HI antibody titer ratio (GMTR). The 2013 study The Centro de Referência para Imunobiológicos Especiais (CRIE) and at the Centro de Pesquisa Clínica do Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clínicas of Medical School of University of São Paulo and the 2014 and 2015 studies were conducted at CRIE. The vaccine composition followed the WHO recommendation for the southern hemisphere seasonal influenza vaccine RESULTS: 47 healthy adults and 13 elderly participated in the 2013 study, 60 healthy adults and 60 elderly in the 2014 study, and 62 healthy adults and 57 elderly in the 2015 study. In the 2013, 2014 and 2015 studies, pain was the most frequent local adverse reaction and headache the most frequent systemic adverse reaction. All observed adverse reactions were classified as mild or moderate and none as severe. SPR > 70% and SPR > 60% were observed in adults and elderly, respectively, for the three vaccine viruses, in the 2013, 2014 and 2015 studies. SCR > 40% was observed in adults, for the three vaccine viruses, only in the 2014 study and SCR > 30% was observed in elderly, for the three vaccine viruses, only in the 2013 and 2014 studies. GMTR >2.5 among adults, for the three vaccine viruses was only observed in the 2013 study and GMTR > 2.0 was observed among elderly, for the three vaccine viruses, in the 2013, 2014 and 2015 studies. CONCLUSION: The 2013, 2014 and 2015 seasonal influenza vaccines produced by Instituto Butantan were safe and immunogenic according to the immunogenicity criteria defined by EMA
22

Caracterização da resposta imunológica induzida por vacinas da Influenza produzidas no Instituto Butantan formuladas com adjuvantes. / Characterization of the immunological response induced by Influenza vaccines produced at the Instituto Butantan formulated with adjuvants.

Rico, Stefanni Liliane Chavez 05 April 2018 (has links)
A Influenza afeta milhões de pessoas a cada ano no mundo todo. Dados da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) informam que, anualmente, as epidemias de influenza resultam em aproximadamente 250 a 500 mil mortes no mundo. A vacinação é o modo mais eficaz de prevenção contra a influenza, e, devido à alta capacidade de transmissibilidade, a produção, a distribuição e a administração da vacina devem ser rápidas. Os vírus da influenza podem ser sazonais ou pandêmicos, dependendo das mudanças genéticas que sofrem. A produção da vacina sazonal da Influenza é um processo de alto custo e complicado devido à possibilidade de reformulação anual da vacina, além disso, vacinas em desenvolvimento contra cepas possivelmente pandêmicas, como H7N9, possuem baixa imunogenicidade. Por esses motivos, vêm-se discutindo o uso de adjuvantes as formulações das vacinas de Influenza. Desta forma, poderia ser possibilitado o uso de uma menor quantidade de antígeno, propiciando o aumento de doses produzidas e potencializando a resposta imune gerada pela vacina. Neste estudo foram utilizados quatro adjuvantes: o Monofosforil Lipídio A de Bordetella pertussis (MPLA), o Hidróxido de Alumínio, uma emulsão de água em óleo chamado Addavax &reg (formulação similar ao MF59 &reg e a Flagelina de Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a resposta imunológica induzida pela administração das vacinas da Influenza sazonal e H7N9, produzidas no IB com o MPLA combinado com o Hidróxido de Alumínio; o Addavax &reg e a Flagelina de S. Thyphimurium. Foi realizada a imunização via subcutânea (SC) de camundongos com a vacina trivalente da Influenza usando o MPLA+ hidróxido de alumínio, Flagelina ou Addavax &reg e só foi possível observar um aumento dos anticorpos específicos quando o adjuvante era o Addavax &reg. Ao caracterizar a resposta imune ao Addavax &reg juntamente à vacina sazonal da Influenza, constatou-se uma diferença estatisticamente significativa de resposta celular e humoral, entre administrações SC e intramuscular (IM) dessa formulação. A administração IM apresentou maior produção de anticorpos específicos e neutralizantes, e foi a que mais promoveu recrutamento de APCs. Uma maior produção de anticorpos específicos e neutralizantes por esta via de administração também foi observada, quando se comparou com a administração intranasal (IN), realizada com o adjuvante Flagelina e a vacina monovalente de H7N9. O Addavax &reg foi um adjuvante eficaz para a vacina trivalente produzida no IB, pois levou à produção de altos títulos de anticorpos neutralizantes com diferença estatística significativa comparada às formulações sem o adjuvante, como já descrito na literatura, e a administração IM de vacinas da Influenza foi a melhor via de imunização para o estudo destes antígenos com camundongos, pois também leva ao aumento dos títulos de anticorpos específicos e neutralizantes. / Influenza affects millions of people every year worldwide, and according to the World Health Organization (WHO) reports, influenza epidemics annually result in approximately 250- 500,000 deaths worldwide. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent influenza and because of the high transmissibility capacity, the production, distribution and administration of the vaccine should be fast. Influenza viruses can be seasonal or pandemic, depending on the genetic changes they undergo. The production of the seasonal influenza vaccine is a costly and complicated process due to the possibility of its annual reformulation of, in addition, vaccines under development against possibly pandemic strains, such as H7N9, present low immunogenicity. For these reasons, the use of adjuvants in the Influenza vaccines formulations has been discussed. This approach could enable the use of lower amounts of antigen, allowing the increase of doses produced and potentiating the immune response generated by the vaccine. Four adjuvants were used in this study: Bordetella pertussis Monophosphoryl Lipid A (MPLA), Aluminum Hydroxide, an oil in water emulsion named Addavax&reg (similar formulation to MF59&reg) and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium Flagellin. The aim of this work was characterize the immune response induced by the administration of the seasonal Influenza and H7N9 vaccines, produced by the IB with the MPLA combined with the Aluminum Hydroxide; Addavax&reg and S. Thyphimurium Flagellin. Immunization was administered subcutaneously in mice with the trivalent Influenza vaccine using MPLA + aluminum hydroxide, Flagellin or Addavax&reg. It was possible to observe an increase of the specific antibodies against influenza when the adjuvant Addavax was used in the formulation. When initiating the characterization of Addavax&reg immune response together with the seasonal Influenza vaccine, a statistically significant difference was observed between subcutaneous (SC) and intramuscular (IM) administrations of this formulation in terms of cellular and humoral immune response. IM administration showed higher production of specific and neutralizing antibodies, and recruitment of antigen-presenting cells. Increased production of specific and neutralizing antibodies by this route of administration was also observed when compared to intranasal (IN) administration with the Flagellin adjuvant and the monovalent H7N9 vaccine. Addavax&reg was an effective adjuvant for the trivalent vaccine produced in IB because it led to the production of high titers of neutralizing antibodies with significant statistical difference compared to the formulations without the adjuvant, as already described in the literature. The IM administration of Influenza vaccines was the best route of immunization for the study of these antigens with mice as it also leads to the increase of specific antibody titers.
23

Análise da segurança e da imunogenicidade da vacina influenza sazonal trivalente (fragmentada e inativada) integralmente produzida pelo Instituto Butantan em 2013, 2014 e 2015 / Safety and immunogenicity of a seasonal trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine produced by Butantan Institute in 2013, 2014 e 2015

Gabriella Mondini 17 July 2018 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: A vacinação anual é recomendada como a medida mais efetiva contra a influenza sazonal. O Instituto Butantan (IB) realizou, anualmente, estudos clínicos das vacinas influenza sazonais trivalentes (fragmentada e inativada), produzidas em2013, 2014 e 2015. MÉTODO: Estudos de coorte prospectivos para descrever a imunogenicidade e a segurança da vacina influenza produzida pelo IB nos anos de 2013, 2014 e 2015 em participantes adultos saudáveis e idosos. Após assinatura do TCLE os participantes foram submetidos à coleta de sangue e receberam uma dose da vacina. Nos dias 1, 2 e 3 após a vacinação foram contatados para avaliação da segurança (reações adversas solicitadas locais e sistêmicas e não solicitadas). No dia 21(+7) pósvacinação retornaram ao centro de pesquisa para nova checagem da segurança e para a coleta de sangue para a avaliação da imunogenicidade pós-vacinação. As análises de imunogenicidade foram feitas através do método inibição de hemaglutinação (IH). Os desfechos de imunogenicidade foram: porcentagem de soroconversão (SC), porcentagem de soroproteção (SP) e razão da média geométrica dos títulos (RMGT) de anticorpos inibidores da hemaglutinação. O estudo de 2013 foi conduzido no Centro de Referência para Imunobiológicos Especiais (CRIE) e no Centro de Pesquisa Clínica do Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, os estudos de 2014 e 2015 foram realizados apenas no CRIE. As composições das vacinas utilizadas nos estudos em 2013, 2014 e 2015 seguiram as recomendações da OMS para vacina influenza sazonal do hemisfério sul. RESULTADOS: No ano de 2013, foram incluídos no estudo 47 adultos e 13 idosos, em 2014, 60 adultos e 60 idosos e em 2015, 62 adultos e 57 idosos. Nos estudos de 2013, 2014 e 2015, dor foi a reação adversa local mais frequente e cefaleia a sistêmica mais relatada. Todas as reações adversas observadas foram classificadas como leves ou moderadas e nenhuma como grave. Porcentagens de SP > 70% e >60% foram demonstradas para adultos e idosos, respectivamente, para os três vírus vacinais, nos estudos de 2013, 2014 e 2015. Porcentagem de SC > 40% foi demonstrada para os adultos, para os três vírus vacinais, apenas no estudo de 2014 e porcentagem de SC >30% foi demonstrada nos idosos, para os três vírus vacinais, apenas nos estudos de 2013 e 2014. RMGT > 2.5 nos adultos para os três vírus vacinais foi demonstrada apenas no estudo de 2013 e RMGT > 2 nos idosos, para os três vírus vacinais, foi demonstrada nos estudos de 2013, 2014 e 2015. CONCLUSÃO: As vacinas influenza sazonal de 2013, 2014 e 2015, produzidas integralmente pelo Instituto Butantan, foram seguras e imunogênicas segundo os parâmetros de imunogenicidade definidos pela EMA / INTRODUCTION: Annual vaccination is most effective way to prevent seasonal influenza illness. Instituto Butantan (IB) performed clinical studies with its 2013, 2014 and 2015 seasonal trivalent influenza vaccines (split-virion and inactivated) METHODS: Prospective cohort studies to describe the safety and immunogenicity of Instituto Butantan influenza vaccine, in healthy adults and elderly, from 2013 to 2015. Soon after the informed consent was signed, participants underwent blood collection followed by vaccination. On study days 1, 2 and 3 post vaccination participants were contacted by the stuffy to evaluate the occurrence of solicited (local and systemic) and non-solicited adverse reactions. On study day 21(+7) subjects returned to the clinical site for final safety assessments and blood collection for the immunogenicity evaluation post vaccination. The immunogenicity analyses were performed by means of haemagglutination inhibition assay (HI). The immunogenicity endpoints were: seroprotection (SPR) and seroconversion (SCR) rates and the geometric mean HI antibody titer ratio (GMTR). The 2013 study The Centro de Referência para Imunobiológicos Especiais (CRIE) and at the Centro de Pesquisa Clínica do Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clínicas of Medical School of University of São Paulo and the 2014 and 2015 studies were conducted at CRIE. The vaccine composition followed the WHO recommendation for the southern hemisphere seasonal influenza vaccine RESULTS: 47 healthy adults and 13 elderly participated in the 2013 study, 60 healthy adults and 60 elderly in the 2014 study, and 62 healthy adults and 57 elderly in the 2015 study. In the 2013, 2014 and 2015 studies, pain was the most frequent local adverse reaction and headache the most frequent systemic adverse reaction. All observed adverse reactions were classified as mild or moderate and none as severe. SPR > 70% and SPR > 60% were observed in adults and elderly, respectively, for the three vaccine viruses, in the 2013, 2014 and 2015 studies. SCR > 40% was observed in adults, for the three vaccine viruses, only in the 2014 study and SCR > 30% was observed in elderly, for the three vaccine viruses, only in the 2013 and 2014 studies. GMTR >2.5 among adults, for the three vaccine viruses was only observed in the 2013 study and GMTR > 2.0 was observed among elderly, for the three vaccine viruses, in the 2013, 2014 and 2015 studies. CONCLUSION: The 2013, 2014 and 2015 seasonal influenza vaccines produced by Instituto Butantan were safe and immunogenic according to the immunogenicity criteria defined by EMA
24

Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Recommendations, Socioeconomics, Demographics, and Influenza Vaccine Uptake

Gadarowski, Jennifer 01 January 2019 (has links)
Seasonal influenza outbreaks are associated with morbidity and mortality in the United States. Though children are the most susceptible to influenza infection and are most likely to transmit the illness to others, many children are not vaccinated. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between seasonal influenza vaccination Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommendations, demographic characteristics, socioeconomic factors, and vaccine type among children over 3 consecutive flu seasons. This quantitative cross-sectional study was guided by the social ecology of health model. Secondary data from 3 consecutive flu seasons (2014-2015, 2015-2016, and 2016-2017) provided by the National Health Interview Survey was used for this study. Binary logistic regression and chi-square were used to analyze the data. A relationship between socioeconomic status, demographics (age, race, and family income) and vaccine type (live-attenuated influenza vaccine [LAIV]/inactivated influenza vaccine) was established among U.S. children; those who received LAIV were most likely to be White elementary school age children with a higher family income. Demographic and socioeconomic status was not considered influential in LAIV uptake for race, health insurance status, or family income. ACIP recommendations by age and year had the greatest impact on flu vaccine choice for this sample population. The results of this study can lead to social change by providing information for policy that can increase vaccine uptake, which can result in lower health cost and reduced illness and death rates associated with the flu, especially for those most at risk.
25

Evaluation of an Adeno-associated virus-vector based broadly reactive influenza vaccine

Demminger, Daniel 28 May 2019 (has links)
Influenza Viren stellen eine große Bedrohung der öffentlichen Gesundheit dar. Die saisonale Grippeschutzimpfung induziert Antikörper gegen den Kopfbereich des viralen Oberflächenproteins Hämagglutinin (HA), in dem verstärkt Antigendrift auftritt. Dadurch wird die Effektivität der saisonalen Grippeimpfung auf den Impfstamm beschränkt und es besteht kein ausreichender Schutz gegen virale Driftvarianten. Eine universellere Grippeimpfung wird dringend benötigt. Die Entdeckung breit reaktiver Antikörper gegen den konservierten HA-Stammbereich hat die Erforschung neuartiger Impfstrategien vorangetrieben. Mit Chimären oder Headless HA kann eine Fokussierung der Immunantwort auf immunsubdominante Bereiche im HA-Stammbereich erzielt werden. Auch innovative Impfstoffplattformen wie Adeno-assoziierte Virus (AAV)-Vektoren bergen ein immenses Potenzial, da sie zum einen für die Verwendung im Menschen zugelassen sind und zum anderen die Immunogenität des Antigens positiv beeinflusst. Die Immunisierung mit AAV-Vektoren, die wildtypisches HA, Chimäre HA oder Nukleoprotein exprimieren, führte in dieser Arbeit in Mäusen zur Induktion breit reaktiver Antikörper, nicht aber die Immunisierung mit AAV-Headless HA oder inaktiviertem Grippeimpfstoff. Die AAV-Vektor Impfstoffe führten zur robusten Induktion Fc-Gamma-Rezeptor-aktivierender Antikörper, die beispielsweise Antikörper-vermittelte zelluläre Zytotoxizität auslösen können. Nicht nur die Impfung mit AAV-Chimären HA, sondern auch mit AAV-wildtypischem HA induzierte Antikörper gegen den HA-Stammbereich. Somit kann anscheinend allein durch eine AAV-Vektor vermittelte Expression des Antigens die Immundominanz des HA-Kopfbereiches abgemildert werden. Abschließend konnte zum ersten Mal die Schutzwirkung einer AAV-Vektor Immunisierung gegen HA im Frettchen demonstriert werden. Die in dieser Arbeit beschriebenen Ergebnisse zeigen somit das große Potenzial von AAV-Vektoren als Impfvehikel für eine breit reaktive Grippeschutzimpfung auf. / Influenza viruses represent a severe threat to public health. A seasonal vaccine is available, which readily leads to the induction of antibodies against the head domain of the viral surface protein hemagglutinin (HA), which is prone to antigenic drift. Thus, seasonal vaccination induces only strain specific protection, while it is not effective against drifted virus strains. Hence, there is an urgent need for a universal influenza vaccine. The discovery of broadly reactive antibodies against the highly conserved HA-stalk domain has prompted great interest into research on vaccination strategies to induce broadly protective HA antibodies. Chimeric and headless HA have shown promising results with respect to re-focusing immunity towards immunosubdominant epitopes in the HA-stalk to induce protective HA-stalk antibodies. Also, innovative vaccine delivery platforms such as Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-vectors offer an attractive developmental perspective. AAV-vectors are licensed for use in humans and the AAV-vectored antigen expression positively influences its immunogenicity. In this thesis, immunization with AAV-vectors expressing wildtype HA, chimeric HA or nucleoprotein induced broad protection in mice, but not vaccination with AAV-vectors expressing headless HA or an inactivated influenza vaccine. Protection was associated with the ability of the AAV-vectored vaccines to induce Fc-gamma-receptor-activating antibodies, which might activate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Not only chimeric HA but also wildtype HA induced antibodies against the HA-stalk, suggesting that AAV-vectored antigen expression can mitigate the immunodominance of virus strain-specific epitopes in the HA-head. Importantly, for the first time a protective effect AAV-vectored immunization towards HA could be shown in ferrets. Thus, results described in this thesis suggest a large potential for the development of AAV-vectors as carriers for a broadly protective influenza vaccine.

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