Bibliography : leaves 293-304. / xii, 304 leaves : ill., maps ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Zoology, 1994

This thesis focus with construction design intake manifold of four stroke engine rallyecross division 1A. For improvement observant come into operating here derive benefit from theory tuned supercharging, which is based on tuning longitudes sucking conduit. Derive benefit woolen effect. Driving unit is here used four cylinders, water-cooled, atmospheric combustion engine from car VW Polo 6N GTI. Design is created so, to answer condition division 1A.

This thesis presents improvements to a method for measuring the production of biogenic silica (bSiO2) by diatoms, a group of microscopic algae with siliceous cell walls (frustules) that dominate the marine cycling of silicon (Si) and account for a significant proportion of global marine primary productivity. Using the fluorescent dye PDMPO, diatom bSiO2 can be labeled as it is produced and then quantified using fluorometry to determine community-wide bSiO2 production. A distinct advantage of PDMPO over more traditional tracers of bSiO2 production is that the combination of measurements of PDMPO by fluorometry and by fluorescence microscopy allows for the quantification of cell (and thus taxa) specific bSiO2 production within a mixed community. However, the robustness of PDMPO as a quantitative tracer of diatom bSiO2 production has not been sufficiently investigated. To address this, experiments were conducted both in the lab, and at two field locations where diatoms are known to be abundant, namely the continental shelf off the west coast of Vancouver Island, and Saanich Inlet, a highly productive fjord located on southern Vancouver Island. Laboratory culture experiments demonstrated that concentrations of PDMPO >500 nmol L-1 reduced growth rate in the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana, and affected the Si:PDMPO ratio of incorporation. The relationship between SiO2 and PDMPO incorporation was significantly affected by diatom species, though this effect was small (8%) when cells were lysed. From these experiments, a Si:PDMPO incorporation ratio of 4200 ± 380:1 was determined, which predicted 30% more bSiO2 production for PDMPO incorporation than previous studies, and better agreed with bSiO2 production rates determined using established methods in Saanich Inlet. However, bSiO2 production rates were over-estimated by the PDMPO method when rates were less than 1 µmol L-1 d-1. In a few cases, this occurred when dinoflagellates were numerically dominant, but for the majority of samples, dinoflagellates were low in abundance, and over-estimation by PDMPO may be related to low dissolved Si(OH)4 concentration. Protocols for quantifying PDMPO fluorescence by microscopy were optimized by using a low numerical aperture microscope objective. Additionally, measurements of fluorescence intensity were calibrated using a fluorescent microscope slide as a standard, which served to correct for unevenness of illumination across the field of view. With these protocol modifications, quantification of PDMPO by microscopy agreed with PDMPO measured by fluorometry. When PDMPO was measured by microscopy in the field, the contribution of diatom taxa to PDMPO fluorescence differed from their contribution to cell numbers. In many cases this was due to large diatom taxa producing more bSiO2 per cell than smaller taxa. However, much of the difference between cell numbers and PDMPO fluorescence was not explained by differences in cell size. This suggests that the diatom taxa had different specific bSiO2 production rates, which could be estimated using PDMPO. This thesis highlights the strength of the PDMPO tracer for understanding diatom community dynamics. The use of PDMPO should allow the relationship between diatom community composition, growth and productivity to be better illuminated in the oceans. / Graduate / 0416 / jelong@uvic.ca

This thesis describes the results of a study of 33 tephra layers found within two peat sections near Anchor Point and Homer, Alaska, on the lower Kenai Peninsula. Numerous lower Cook Inlet volcanoes have been active through the Holocene. Tephra layers found at these two sites provide a partial record of their eruptive activity. The hazards that accompany this activity have increased as populations and commercial activities expand and air traffic over the region increases. The tephras analyzed for this study provide an initial geochemical database for the lower Cook Inlet volcanoes. The database is available in electronic format at the U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Volcano Observatory. The Anchor Point and Homer sections contain tephras from Augustine, Iliamna, and possibly other volcanoes in the region. Anchor Point, the principal section for this study, yielded ten 14C ages ranging from 645 ± 85 cal yr BP at a depth of 14 cm to 8810 ± 205 cal yr BP at 270 cm. Seventeen tephra layers from Anchor Point and 16 from Homer were characterized by stratigraphic position, age, and grain-discrete major-element geochemical analysis by electron microprobe. Nine tephra layers are correlated by geochemical analysis between the Anchor Point and Homer sections. Several newly discovered tephra layers have been correlated with source volcanoes, three with Augustine and at least seven with Iliamna Volcano. The average recurrence interval of tephra fall events at Anchor Point is approximately 520 yrs.

The purpose of this thesis is to study the shock/wave turbulent boundary layer interaction by using delayed-detached-eddy simulation (DDES) model with a low diffusion E-CUSP (LDE) scheme with fifth-order WENO scheme. The results show that DDES simulation provides improved results for the shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction compared to those of its predecessor the detached-eddy simulation (DES). The computation of mesh refinement indicates that the grid density has significant effects on the results of DES, while being resolved by applying DDES simulation. Spalart in 1997 developed the Detached-Eddy Simulation (DES) model, which is a hybrid RANS and LES method, to overcome the intensive CPU requirement from LES models. Near the solid surface within a wall boundary layer, the unsteady RANS model is realized. Away from the wall surface, the model automatically converts to LES. The Delayed-Detached-Eddy Simulation (DDES) was suggested by Spalart in 2006 to improve the DES model previously developed. The transition from the RANS model to LES in DES is not grid spacing independent, therefore a blending function is introduced to the recently developed DDES model to make the transition from RANS to LES grid spacing independent. The DDES is validated by computing a 3D subsonic flat plate turbulent boundary layer. The first case studied using DDES is a 3D transonic channel with shock/turbulent boundary layer interaction. It consists of two straight side walls, a straight top wall, and a varying shape in span-wise direction for a bottom wall. The second case studied consists of a 3D transonic inlet-diffuser. Both results are compared with experimental data. The computed results of the transonic channel agree well with experimental data.

Results from numerical simulation were performed to study flow and heat transfer in two types of rotating multi-pass cooling channels. Second moment closure model was used to solve flow in domain generated from Chimera method. The first type was a four-pass channel with two different inlet settings. The main flowing channel was rectangular channel (AR=2:1) with hydraulic diameter (Dh ) equals to 2/3 inch (16.9 mm). The first and fourth channel were set as different aspect ratio (AR=2:1; AR=1:1). Reynolds number (Re) used in this part was 10,000. The rotating angle was set as 90 degrees. The density ratio was set as 0.115. The rotation number varied from 0.0 to 0.22. It was showed that inlet effect only caused influence to flow and heat transfer in first two passages. The second type was a four-pass channel with/without addition of vane in smooth turn portion. The main flowing channel was rectangular channel (AR=2:1) with hydraulic diameter (Dh) equals to 2/3 inch. The first and fourth passages were set to be square duct (AR=1:1). The Reynolds number (Re) used in this part was 20,000. Three rotation numbers were set here (Ro=0.0; Ro=0.2; Ro=0.4). The density ratio and rotating angle varied from 0.12 to 0.32 and from 45 degrees to 90 degrees respectively. According to numerical results, it was revealed that the addition of vane in smooth turn portion did not cause influence to part before it. However, it caused significant influence to flow and heat transfer in smooth turn portion and part after it.

This is a Master Thesis done at the Swedish Defence Research Agency with the purpose to design and investigate how different geometries of a compression surface integrated with an intake affects the performance such as distortion, boundary layer diversion, pressure recovery and deceleration of speed. The work was divided in two parts. In the first part, CFD calculations using the FOI developed Edge 4.1 code were made for the compression surfaces alone. In the second part the most promising design was integrated with an intake. Two more bumps with the intake were modelled and the three geometries were compared to the intake without bump. Surface flow, deceleration of Mach number, pressure recovery, mass flow, boundary layer diversion, lift and drag were the factors chosen to be examined, boundary layer diversion and pressure recovery being the two most vital.

Taiwan is the major country of importing LNG. In this paper discussed LNG cold energy recovery used in cold storage warehouse and other energy conservation systems. In the cold storage warehouse systems that showed the less temperature of cold storage warehouse the more exergy efficiency and the best exergy efficiency is 30%. Base on thermoeconomic analysis there was the optimal operation temperature at -70¢J. In the purifier nitrogen system (PNS), the investigation indicated the best efficient operating temperature at -150¢J. But with economic analysis the optimal design temperature of this PNS was -130¢J. And the last energy conservation system was the running power plane. In this research studied the power planes used LNG cold energy as inlet air-cooling systems. According to the investigation that showed the systems increased power output up to 14.4¢H in the 4.5¢J of inlet air cooling temperature. And these systems also improved the heat rate of power planes about 0.98%. The conclusions presented that the potentialities of LNG cold energy are huge, and with proper engineering and economic analysis could make these energy conservation systems more feasible.

Systematic parametric studies were performed to better understand seal-inlet rotordynamics. A CFD-perturbation model was employed to compute the seal-inlet flow disturbance quantities. Seal inlet disturbance boundary condition correlations were proposed from the computed seal-inlet quantities using the important parameters. It was found that the cosine component of the seal-inlet swirl velocity disturbance W1C has a substantial impact on the cross-coupled stiffness, and that the correlations for W1C and W1S should be used to replace the historical guess that seal inlet W1C = 0 and W1S = 0. Also, an extremely precise relationship was found between the swirl disturbance W1C and the seal-inlet swirl velocity (ωRsh − ¯W0). Thus, the number of experiments or computer runs needed to determine the effect of spin speed, shaft radius and/or inlet swirl velocity on the cross-coupled stiffness is greatly reduced by plotting the simplified relationship of the cross-coupled stiffness against the swirl slip velocity. The benefits of using the new seal-inlet boundary condition correlations were assessed by implementing them into a CFD-perturbation model. Consistently improved agreement with measurements was obtained for both liquid annular seals and gas labyrinth seals. Further, the well-established CFD-perturbation model with new boundary condition correlations was employed to investigate the rotordynamics of two off-design situations. The first case considered the influence of labyrinth seal teeth damage on the performance and the rotordynamic characteristics of impeller eye seals in centrifugal compressors. The second case considered the influence of rotor-axial-shifting on rotordynamic forces for high-low labyrinth seals in steam turbines during the start-up and shut-down process. The results should provide useful information for labyrinth seal design and fault diagnosis of stability problems in turbines and compressors.

<p>This is a Master Thesis done at the Swedish Defence Research Agency with the purpose to design and investigate how different geometries of a compression surface integrated with an intake affects the performance such as distortion, boundary layer diversion, pressure recovery and deceleration of speed.</p><p>The work was divided in two parts. In the first part, CFD calculations using the FOI developed Edge 4.1 code were made for the compression surfaces alone. In the second part the most promising design was integrated with an intake. Two more bumps with the intake were modelled and the three geometries were compared to the intake without bump. Surface flow, deceleration of Mach number, pressure recovery, mass flow, boundary layer diversion, lift and drag were the factors chosen to be examined, boundary layer diversion and pressure recovery being the two most vital.</p>