This work addresses the design and real-time implementation of adaptive control strategies on the parabolic solar collector to enhance the production efficiency under varying working conditions. For example, the unpredictable variations of the solar irradiance and thermal losses, these factors can be a major problem in the control design. The control objective is to force the outlet temperature of the collector fluid, to track a predefined reference temperature regardless of the environmental changes. In this work, two control strategies have been designed and analyzed. First, an intelligent proportional-integral feedback control, which combines the proportionalintegral feedback control with an ultra-local model is proposed. This strategy uses a transfer function model that has been derived and identified from real-time data and used to test the controller performance. Second, an adaptive nonlinear control using Lyapunov stability theory combined with the phenomenological representation of the system is introduced. This strategy uses a bilinear model derived from the heat transfer equation. Both control strategies showed good performance in the simulations with respect to the convergence time and tracking accuracy. Besides, the conventional proportional-integral controller has been successfully implemented in the real system.

The majority of the people in sub-Saharan Africa depend on natural and planted forests for subsistence use and income generation. Despite this, the status of forests and wood-processing industries and their multiple uses are poorly understood. In Ethiopia information on the status and contribution of the forest and wood-processing industries to economic development is scanty and fragmented. The study was designed to contribute to filling this gap by analysing the status of the forest resource, assessing the contribution of the forest and wood-processing industries to the national economy with emphasis on the cost structure, and identifying innovations in the wood-processing industries. The study was further developed scenarios to upgrade wood product supply in Ethiopia. The study focuses on the macro-level analysis complementing same with micro-level data that looks into wood-processing industries of the country. Cluster analysis and innovation systems are frameworks employed in collecting and analysing both primary and secondary data. Secondary data on forests in Ethiopia are generally lacking. The analysis was conducted using data from 2010 as the reference year. The year 2010 was chosen as it is the only year for which the most recent aggregated social accounting matrix table for Ethiopia was available. Primary data were collected from key informant interviews and by undertaking survey in selected wood processing industries. A consultation workshop was conducted with different stakeholders to develop alternative scenarios regarding options to meet national wood demands and to share and validate findings of the study. The quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies, means, and percentages. The qualitative information gathered was summarised, analysed, and interpreted in the form of narratives. The study covered the six major forest types in Ethiopia from which significant wood volume is collected. The volume of wood reported to be harvested from these forests exceeded the annual incremental yield, indicating widening of the gap between supply and demand over time. The estimated wood product gap was 39 million m³ in 2013. The expanding gap between supply and demand of wood products in Ethiopia led to rapid increment in the volume of wood products imported, from 17,750 m3 in 1997 to 128,914 m3 in 2017. The estimated economic contribution of the forest sector and wood-processing industries in 2010 to the GDP was 4.2% and 0.036%, respectively. Regarding labour composition, both forest and wood-processing industries are dependent on unskilled labour with the respective share of 44.6% and 40.4%. The results also show that the forest sector has a strong linkage with the domestic economy, with 99.95% share as the input source. Wood-processing industries are mainly dependent on imported raw materials with a share of 51.6% of inputs. If the multiplier effect of the forest sector is considered, its contribution to the GDP could increase by up to 72%. Thus, a unit increment in the forest and wood-processing industries will have a multiplier effect on household income by 1.35 and 0.43, respectively. It is the non-poor households in small urban settlements that would benefit more in both cases. The strong forward and backward linkages of the forest sector indicated the potential of forests to support the national economic development as compared to the wood processing industries that showed a weak backward linkage due to its dependency on imported raw material, high price of round wood from domestic markets, and underdevelopment of plantation forestry in Ethiopia. Production factors related and supporting sectors, and government supports were found to be the constraining factors that affect the competitiveness of studied wood processing industries. The demand for wood products has a positive influence on the competitiveness of wood processing industries. The cost structure analysis showed variations with the types of wood processing industries. Raw material was the main input cost for the Ethiopian Chip Wood and Furniture Company (43%), and Ethiopian Plywood Enterprise (51%), while the overhead cost was the main costs (76%) for the Arsi Negelle sawmill. Imported chemicals raised the cost of the studied panel industries. However, the Arsi Negelle sawmill incurs a relatively low cost for raw material. This is because the Arsi Negelle sawmill uses its own plantations nearby the industry, which reduces the transportation cost. The analysis of sectoral innovation system actors indicated weak implementation of the expected roles. They are also poorly networked with the wood-processing industries. The identified constraining factors for innovation activities also include out-dated machines, lack of incentives for the employees, limited skilled manpower, insufficient financial resources, and inadequacy in research and development. Innovation activities identified are processing and marketing innovations in Maichew particleboard and Mitike sawmill, respectively. The introduction of innovation contributed to increasing the number of customers, revenue generated, jobs created, and volume of products sold. More innovation activities were identified in privately owned than in state-owned factories. Three scenarios were developed in identifying and examining prevailing options to reduce the gap between supply and demand of wood products in the country. These are business-as-usual, the government plan, and the independent experts’ opinion scenarios. The business-as-usual scenario assumes that no major change will happen in the forest sector. This scenario assumed that the main problems remain the same and the supply-demand gap will widen using the current trend. The government plan scenario assumes that the country will build a climate-resilient green economy by 2030 as envisages in its CRGE strategy issued in 2011. In this scenario, significant investment is expected to reduce the gap. Official records show that between 2016 and 2019, the production of wood products increased and reached 8,703,439 m³ and revenue collection grew to 9,352,816 USD. Despite this, supply-demand gap continued to widen, resulting in increased importation of various wood products. The independent experts’ scenario was developed based on the assessment of the unsustainability of the first scenario and the ambitious and unrealistic goals of the second scenario. The scenario of experts considered factors that will improve or undermine production and productivity of forests and meet demands for biomass fuel, industrial wood, and small diameter poles. As per this scenario, sustainable wood product supply is expected to increase and imports to be reduced by 20% in the coming decade. Scenarios developed provided insights for policymakers and suggested the need for strategic planning for developing forest resources and wood industries in the country. Measures to transform the forest sector and wood processing industries of Ethiopia need to consider their contribution and multiplier effects to the national economy. Regarding theoretical aspects, the thesis demonstrated there are some limitations associated with Social Accounting Matrix data quality, which limits the ability to interpret the forward and backward linkages. Yet, the analysis revealed that there is weak cooperation among innovation systems actors to work together. The study hopes to form the basis for further studies and proposed areas for future research to improve the economic contribution of forests and wood processing industries to the national economy.:1 Introduction 2 Theoretical concepts and analytical framework 3 Methodological framework 4 Overview of the forestry sector and its contribution to the national economy 5 Competitiveness and cost structure analysis of wood-processing industries in Ethiopia 6 Innovation system and innovations in the wood-processing industries of Ethiopia 7 Scenario development to upgrade the wood product supply in Ethiopia 8 Synthesis and conclusion References

As technology becomes more prevalent, its application to safety and security in critical systems continues to increase. This leads to an increased dependence on sensors to provide an accurate view of the environment surrounding an application. These sensors can also be exploited by a malicious individual to attack a system and compromise its safety or security. These attacks change the reported value of a sensor so that it doesn't re ect the real situation. The systems in a car can be used as an example of this. Cars can have numerous sensors that measure a variety of things, including the car's distance from an object, if the tires are locking up, or if the gas is low. The use of these sensors makes cars safer and more convenient to use. Using IEMI, an attacker could compromise some of these systems by changing the reported value so that an object appears further away than it actually is or that the tires aren't locking up when they are, possibly causing the car to crash. By doing this, a malicious individual could compromise the safety or security of a car. This work attempts to understand what would be required for a malicious individual to conduct such an attack, thereby allowing for the identification of systems that are vulnerable to such attacks. This understanding would also provide the basis for designing defenses against these attacks, thereby increasing the safety of society at large.

In recent years there has been significant research in the field of computational neuroscience and many of these biologically inspired cognitive models are based on the theory of operation of mammalian visual cortex. One such model of neocortex developed by George & Hawkins, known as Hierarchical Temporal Memories (HTM), is considered for the research discussed here. We propose a simple hierarchical model that is derived from HTM. The aim of this work is to evaluate the hardware cost and performance against software based simulations. This work presents a detailed hardware implementation and analysis of the derived hierarchical model. We show that these networks are inherently parallel in their architecture, similar to the biological computing, and that parallelism can be exploited by massively parallel architectures implemented using reconfigurable devices such as the FPGA. Hardware implementation accelerates the learning process which is useful in many real world problems. We have implemented a complex network node that operates in real time using an FPGA. The current architecture is modular and allows us to estimate the hardware resources and computational units required to realize large scale networks in the future.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(エネルギー科学) / 乙第12808号 / 論エネ博第61号 / 新制||エネ||60(附属図書館) / 80852 / (主査)教授 東野 達, 教授 石原 慶一, 教授 手塚 哲央 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Energy Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第18696号 / 農博第2093号 / 新制||農||1029(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H27||N4890(農学部図書室) / 31629 / 京都大学大学院農学研究科農学専攻 / (主査)教授 稲村 達也, 教授 白岩 立彦, 教授 廣岡 博之 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(エネルギー科学) / 甲第19088号 / エネ博第312号 / 新制||エネ||64(附属図書館) / 32039 / 京都大学大学院エネルギー科学研究科エネルギー社会・環境科学専攻 / (主査)教授 石原 慶一, 教授 手塚 哲央, 教授 東野 達 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Energy Science / Kyoto University / DAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(工学) / 乙第12981号 / 論工博第4128号 / 新制||工||1637(附属図書館) / 32451 / (主査)教授 小林 潔司, 教授 谷口 栄一, 教授 大津 宏康 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(社会健康医学) / 乙第13005号 / 論社医博第9号 / 新制||社医||9(附属図書館) / 32933 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科社会健康医学系専攻 / (主査)教授 川上 浩司, 教授 玉木 敬二, 教授 小西 靖彦 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Public Health / Kyoto University / DFAM

After timber harvesting, carbon in wood is transferred to products pool and remains entrapped for a considerable time. It is necessary to estimate this carbon flux in the harvested wood products (HWP); otherwise, carbon emission estimates of a country will be overestimated at the time of harvest. Furthermore, carbon estimates of the HWP must be assessed for uncertainties which need to be reduced as far as possible. Environmental implications might be associated with the HWP traded in the national and international markets. In the current context, there is a lack of economic-environmental studies that relate to the trade of HWP. The first part of this dissertation estimated the U.S. HWP contribution to carbon removals or emissions from 1990 to 2014 using the stock-change, production, atmospheric flow, and simple decay approaches. It concluded that the U.S. HWP stored carbon under all accounting approaches. Net annual carbon stored in the HWP, however, declined under all approaches from 1990 to 2014. The second part of the dissertation investigated uncertainty in the estimates of carbon stock in HWP using Monte Carlo simulation. A sensitivity analysis was also performed. Results showed that the net annual carbon accumulation in HWP was affected by uncertainty associated with input parameters. Carbon estimates in the HWP were most sensitive to uncertainty in the parameter for the carbon conversion factor for roundwood. The third part of the dissertation used a multi-regional input-output model to analyze embodied carbon emissions in the U.S. trade of HWP with its major trading partners – Brazil, Canada, China, Germany, Japan, Mexico, and Russia. Results demonstrated that the U.S. was a net importer of carbon emissions involving HWP. China was the major contributor of imported emissions, and Canada was the biggest recipient of the U.S. exported emissions. The consumption-based method had a higher emissions inventory in the HWP than the production-based method. Per-capita emissions in the HWP increased with an increase in per-capita GDP. These studies can be informative for policy makers in incorporating HWP in climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies, and in understanding the economic-environmental relationships of international trade of HWP.