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Thesis (M.P.H.)--University of Michigan, 1944.

Thesis (M.P.H.)--University of Michigan, 1944.

Submitted by THIAGO TREVISOLI AGOSTINI null (ttrevisoli@gmail.com) on 2017-08-03T21:35:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Thiago Trevisoli Agostini.doc: 4358656 bytes, checksum: e54359117ba09655fd5253a011dacfcb (MD5) / Rejected by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br), reason: Solicitamos que realize uma nova submissão seguindo as orientações abaixo: O arquivo submetido não contém o certificado de aprovação. A versão submetida por você é considerada a versão final da dissertação/tese, portanto não poderá ocorrer qualquer alteração em seu conteúdo após a aprovação. A versão final da dissertação/tese deve ser submetida no formato PDF (Portable Document Format). O arquivo PDF não deve estar protegido e a dissertação/tese deve estar em um único arquivo, inclusive os apêndices e anexos, se houver. Por favor, corrija estas informações e realize uma nova submissão. Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2017-08-04T17:14:48Z (GMT) / Submitted by THIAGO TREVISOLI AGOSTINI null (ttrevisoli@gmail.com) on 2017-08-04T17:30:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Versão Definitiva.pdf: 738534 bytes, checksum: 55f3aca1bc91c3ffe18c2eb2056d21ea (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-08-07T19:30:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 agostini_tt_me_jabo.pdf: 738534 bytes, checksum: 55f3aca1bc91c3ffe18c2eb2056d21ea (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-07T19:30:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 agostini_tt_me_jabo.pdf: 738534 bytes, checksum: 55f3aca1bc91c3ffe18c2eb2056d21ea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-04 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / A exigência da sociedade por alimentos produzidos com baixos riscos de contaminação aos consumidores e ao meio ambiente tem aumentado constantemente. Nesse cenário, a identificação de novas formas eficazes e seguras para o controle de insetos-praga se mostra como uma tarefa contínua e as quitinases aparecem como uma interessante ferramenta. As quitinases são enzimas com ação de hidrólise sobre quitina e podem interferir no desenvolvimento de pragas visto que esse polímero constitui estruturas como a cutícula e a membrana peritrófica dos insetos. No presente trabalho, foi realizada a produção de um extrato quitinolítico a partir do cultivo da actinobactéria Streptomyces sp. ENT-21 em meio contendo quitina e avaliaram-se os efeitos desse extrato sobre o desenvolvimento de lagartas de Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), importante praga da cultura do milho. O extrato quitinolítico produzido resultou na interferência do desenvolvimento larval de S. frugiperda, no aumento da mortalidade e na redução do ganho de peso das lagartas em relação a lagartas mantidas como controle. Após fervura, o extrato produzido teve sua atividade quitinolítica inativada e não exerceu influência sobre a mortalidade larval de S. frugiperda em relação ao controle na concentração avaliada. Os resultados indicam que o extrato quitinolítico produzido pelo cultivo de Streptomyces sp. ENT-21 possui atividade inseticida sobre lagartas de S. frugiperda e que a atividade quitinolítica é um fator importante para a atividade inseticida do extrato. / Society's demand for food production at low contamination risks to consumers and to the environment is in constant increase. In this scenario, the identification of new effective and safe forms for the control of insect pests come into sight as a continuous task and chitinases are considered an interesting promisse. Chitinases are enzymes that hydrolyze chitin and can disrupt the development of insect pests since this polymer constitutes vital structures such as the cuticle and peritrophic membrane of insects. In the present work, we produced a chitinolytic extract using the actinobacterium Streptomyces sp. ENT-21 and evaluated the effects of this extract on larval development of an important pest of maize, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae. The chitinolytic extract interfered in the larval development of S. frugiperda affecting parameters such as larval mortality and larval weight gain. After boiling, no chitinolytic activity was detected in the extract and no influence of boiled extract was observed over S. frugiperda larval development at the evaluated concentration. The results suggest that the evaluated chitinolitic extract has insecticidal activity against S. frugiperda larvae and indicate the chitinolytic activity as an important component of the insecticidal activity of the extract. / CNPq: 132363/2015-1

Various rates of two insecticides were tested for efficacy on threecornered alfalfa hopper and Empoasca sp. leafhoppers. Data were also collected for efficacy of insecticides on beneficial insects present. Hay quality samples were taken after baling. Both insecticides provided excellent control of threecornered alfalfa hopper, and Baythroid also controlled Empoasca sp.leafhoppers. Quality of hay was increased where threecornered alfalfa hoppers were controlled, although this control was for only eight days prior to cutting. A decrease in digestible hay protein was noted with increasing numbers of Empoasca sp. leafhoppers.

Furadan 4F was applied to alfalfa regrowth stubble following the first harvest of 1998 to examine treatment effects of alfalfa weevils, aphids, resultant plant growth, and threecornered alfalfa hoppers. Furadan 4F reduced larval numbers throughout the period that larvae were present (25 days after treatment). Little effect was noted for adult weevil numbers in field. Aphid numbers were also reduced by the treatment, and alfalfa stems in Furadan 4F plots were significantly taller at 21 days post treatment. Little, if any, effect from the Furadan 4F treatment was noted for adult threecornered alfalfa hopper populations during the five months following application.

A study was conducted in Mohave Valley to examine population dynamics, economic thresholds, and management strategies for potato leafhopper and treehopper (three cornered alfalfa hopper) in desert alfalfa. In 1998, three distinct peaks of adult treehoppers occurred in August, September, and October. Adult potato leafhoppers were detected earlier in the study, with four distinct peaks noted in June, July, August, and September. Spring Furadan alfalfa stubble treatment reduced initial adult treehopper infestation following application by 40-60% and the initial potato leafhopper infestation was reduced by 25-50 %.