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Orientador : Caris Maroni Nunes / Resumo: A inspeção de carnes, tanto bovina como suína, tem-se constituído no principal instrumento diagnóstico da cisticercose em animais e conseqüente prevenção da teníase. No presente trabalho foram avaliados 96 bovinos durante o abate, os quais foram criados nas aldeias, bem como 117 amostras de soro de suínos para presença de anticorpos anti-Taenia sp., além de 632 amostras de fezes da população indígena. Observou-se 18,75% de positividade para cisticercose bovina, 9,4% para cisticercose suína e 1,1% de positividade para teníase humana. Os resultados observados sugerem que o fato da população indígena das Aldeias Jaguapirú e Bororó terem ficado à margem de uma grande cidade como Dourados, preservados em áreas com condições precárias de saneamento básico, pode favorecer a transmissão do complexo teníase-cisticercose, não só dentro das aldeias bem como na região da grande Dourados, através da comercialização da carne bovina e suína. / Abstract: Bovine and pork meat inspection has been the major tool for animal cysticercosis diagnosis and also for taeniasis prevention. In this study 96 bovine carcasses, 117 swine blood serum samples and 632 human stool samples from the Jaguapirú and Bororó villages were evaluated for cyst forms, anti-Taenia sp. antibodies and for Taenia sp. eggs, respectively. We observed cyst forms in 18.75% of the bovine carcasses, 9.4% of the serum samples had antibodies anti-Taenia sp and 1.1% of the examinated human stool showed presence of Taenia sp. eggs. Our results suggest that the Indian population from those villages may favor the maintenance of the taeniasis-cysticercosis complex, because they live in poor sanitary conditions and also because they commercialize bovine and pork meat not only within those villages but also in the metropolitan area of Dourados. / Mestre

The lack of protection for prospective homeowners from inferior workmanship in homebuilding has led the South African government to introduce legislation that give inspectors powers to enforce compliance with building regulations in order to address this shortcoming. In spite of this endeavor the home building industry still produces houses built with many structural problems caused by poor workmanship. The National Home Building Registration Council (NHBRC) has spent large sums annually on remedial works. It is against this background that this research project has been conducted. The study sought to establish criteria necessary for and barriers to an effective inspectorate function in the South African home building industry. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were used for the study, including interviews, and knowledge, attitudes, and perception (KAP) surveys of relevant stakeholders such as inspectors and homebuilders. The study presents the perceptions and opinions of building contractors on their interactions with building inspectors in the housing industry. The study demonstrates that having dealings with the inspectorate at various levels does not necessarily mean that, for example, newly constructed houses will be inspected on a more regular basis.The findings of this study provide baseline data for inspectorate departments and researchers, thereby contributing to understanding the importance of an effective inspectorate in the homebuilding industry. The primary study conclusion is that homebuilding contractors do not have regard for the competence and levels of knowledge of inspectors given that these are evidently lacking. The preferred characteristics of inspectors were helpfulness, trustworthiness, fairness and being knowledgeable and thorough. It is clear that one of the major challenges facing the home building inspectorate in South Africa is the lack of competent and knowledgeable inspectors to insure adherence to the National Building Regulations and specifications by building contractors. Considering that the majority of South African contractor in the housing sector are emerging contractors it is imperative that the inspectorate play a developmental role by providing them with useful advice more frequently than is currently the case. If continuous training on technical maters of both inspectors and contractors is applied the desired quality standards and workmanship in the homebuilding industry can be attained.

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Abstract The purpose of this thesis is to present a case study of the development, implementation and performance analysis of a color-based visual surface inspection method for wood properties. The main contribution of the study is to answer the need of design strategies, performance characterization methods and case studies in the field of automated visual inspection, and especially wood surface inspection. In real time color-based inspection, the complexity of the methods is important. In this study, defect detection and recognition methods based on color histogram percentile features are proposed. The color histogram percentile features were noticed to be able to recognize well wood surface defects with relatively low complexity. A common problem in visual inspection applications is the collection and labelling of training material since human made labellings can be errorneous. Further, the classifiers are relatively static when once trained, thus offering only little possibilities for adjusting classification. In the study, a self-organizing map (SOM) -based approach for classifier user interface in visual surface inspection problems is introduced. The approach relieves the labelling of training material, simplifies retraining, provides an illustrative an intuitive user interface and offers a convenient way of controlling classification. The study is illustrated with four experiments related to the method development and analysis. In the first experiment, a simulator environment is used for determining the relationship of the defect detection and recognition and grading accuracy. The second experiment considers the suitability of different color spaces for wood defect recognition under changing illumination. RGB color space gives the best results compared to grey-level and other color spaces. The third experiment presents the experimental wood surface inspection setup implementing the method developed in this study. Comparative performance analysis results are presented and the difficulties, mainly caused by segmentation of the defects, are discussed. The fourth experiment demonstrates the suitability of the method for parquet sorting and shows the potential of the non-segmenting approach.

Czech environmental inspectorate The Czech environmental inspectorate (CEI) is a professional body of state administration. It is responsible for supervising the compliance with the statutory rules and binding administrative decisions in the field of environment. CEI was established in 1991 by the Czech Environmental Inspectorate and its competencies in forestry protection Act No 282/1991 Coll. Other competencies were added subsequently in 1991-1992. CEI is subordinated to the Ministry of the Environment. The activities of the CEI are divided into five core areas: air protection, water protection, waste management, nature protection and forest protection. CEI was gradually assigned additional responsibilities in other areas: protection of the Earth's ozone layer, supervision over the handling of chemical substances, industrial accident prevention, packaging management, integrated pollution and prevention control, supervision over the CITES convention compliance and genetically modified organism (GMOs). The main task of CEI is to carry out controls, revisions and investigations at specific places, impose fines for breaking environmental law and remedial measures. The competecies of CEI are jointly governed by the Act mentioned above and other laws regulating specific components of the environment. CEI is...

M.Comm. / Soos reeds vermeld bring die afkondiging op 14 Februarie 1991 van regulasie 265 in Goewennentskennisgewing no. 125 van die Wet mee dat registrasie-owerheidsbeheerde toetsstasies hul vir die eerste keer sedert 1931 in mededinging met die privaat sektor bevind. 6 Die probleemstelling in die onderhawige studie is of die JMVT in die huidige konteks mededingend en lewensvatbaar kan bly, inaggenome die skerp daling in die volume voertuie wat ondersoek word met 'n gepaardgaande verlies aan inkomste. Verder watter strategiese stappe geneem of aksies ingestel moet word om dit mededingend te maak en of privatisering as 'n strategiese alternatief vir die JMVT oorweeg behoort te word. Indien wel, watter vorm van privatisering sal die geskikste wees, gegewe deregulerende wetgewing wat reeds in werking getree het. Die doel van die studie is om 'n aantal strategiese aksies te identifiseer wat die JMVT onmiddellik en oor die lang termyn moet ondemeem om te verseker dat dit in 'n gedereguleerde omgewing sal kan meeding en lewensvatbaar sal bly. Uit die strategiese aksies wat geidentifiseer word, sal die aksie wat die grootste moontlike voordeel vir die Stadsraad inhou, geselekteer word en sal die lewensvatbaarheid van sodanige aksies ondersoek word.

Orientador: Antônio Celso Fonseca de Arruda / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T07:27:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paixao_EdsonVieira_M.pdf: 2011118 bytes, checksum: 949a108a8596c8dc3f48843a56e9dd43 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O PROCONVE, programa de controle de emissões de poluentes veiculares brasileiro, instituído em 1986, definiu limites de emissões que são periodicamente atualizados. Ao longo dos anos, a indústria automobilística nacional tem desenvolvido soluções tecnológicas de controle de emissões visando atender aos referidos limites. Desde 1992, o catalisador automotivo é adotado em conjunto com outras soluções nos veículos comercializados no país. O PROCONVE estabelece, entre outros pontos, que qualquer modelo de veículo comercializado no Brasil deve passar por uma homologação oficial, onde se verifica a conformidade dos valores de emissões de poluentes. Estabelece também que programas de verificação da conformidade dos valores de emissões da frota circulante devem ser verificados em campo. A cidade de São Paulo implementou em 2008, o programa de Inspeção Veicular para todos os veículos de sua frota circulante. O objetivo desse trabalho é verificar a influência do catalisador automotivo nos resultados da Inspeção Veicular realizada em um veículo representativo da frota circulante. Para isso, o veículo foi devidamente instrumentado e diversos ensaios foram realizados em laboratório, para verificação da eficiência do catalisador. Concluiu-se que, devido às características do procedimento adotado pela Inspeção Veicular, o catalisador do veículo em questão apresentou baixa eficiência, levando o veículo a ser reprovado na inspeção. Este estudo deve ser estendido a outros veículos, bem como deve ser desenvolvido o método adotado pela Inspeção Veicular, no sentido de garantir que o catalisador funcione corretamente, durante sua realização / Abstract: PROCONVE, Brazilian's Vehicle Emission Program, started in 1986, has defined emissions limits, periodically in revision process. Since then, local automotive industry is developing emission control solutions in order to reach these limits. Since 1992 automotive catalyst is adopted with other solutions on local vehicles. PROCONVE establishes that any vehicle model sold in the country must be certificated by government, when its emissions are verified against legislation limits. It also establishes that fleet emissions conformity should be checked in field. In 2008, São Paulo city implemented its own Inspection Program for its fleet. The objective here is verify the influence of catalyst in a Inspection procedure adopted by São Paulo city, using a fleet representative vehicle. Emissions tests were performed in a Emissions Laboratory in order to verify catalyst efficiency. Due to the characteristic of Inspection procedure, the catalyst presented low efficiency and vehicle has been not approved. This study should be extended to other vehicles and Inspection methods should be improved, in order to guarantee a minimum efficiency temperature for catalyst / Mestrado / Materiais e Processos de Fabricação / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

À l’échelle mondiale, la récolte de céréales atteint plusieurs milliards de tonnes chaque année. Les producteurs céréaliers échangent leurs récoltes selon un prix déterminé par la qualité de leur production. Cette évaluation, appelée agréage, est réalisée pour chaque lot sur un échantillon jugé représentatif. La difficulté au cours de cette évaluation est de parvenir à parfaitement caractériser l'échantillon. Il faut pour cela qualifier chacun de ses éléments, en d'autres termes, il est nécessaire d'évaluer chaque grain de céréale de manière individuelle. Cette opération est historiquement réalisée par un opérateur qui isole chaque grain manuellement pour l’inspecter et l'évaluer. Ce procédé est exposé à différents problèmes : d'une part les résultats obtenus par un opérateur ne sont pas parfaitement répétables : son état de fatigue visuelle peut influencer son appréciation ; d'autre part l'évaluation dépend de l'opérateur : elle n'est pas reproductible, les résultats peuvent varier d'un opérateur à l'autre. Cette thèse a donc pour but de mettre au point un système capable de réaliser cette inspection visuelle.Le système d’acquisition est présenté dans un premier temps. Cette enceinte contient les dispositifs d’éclairage et d’acquisition d’images. Différents outils ont été mis en œuvre pour s’assurer de la justesse et de la stabilité des acquisitions. Une méthode d’apprentissage de modèles de forme est ensuite présentée : elle a pour but de définir et de modéliser le type de forme des grains de l’application considérée (blé, riz, orge). Cette étape est réalisée sur une image d’objets isolés. Deux méthodes de détection sont ensuite présentées : une approche déterministe et une approche probabiliste. Ces deux méthodes, mises au point pour segmenter les objets d’une image, utilisent des outils communs bien qu’elles soient conçues différemment. Les résultats obtenus et présentés dans cette thèse démontrent la capacité du système automatique à se positionner comme une solution fiable à la problématique d’inspection visuelle de grains de céréales. / In agriculture, the global grain harvest reached several billion tons each year. Cereal producers exchange their crops at a price determined by the quality of their production. This assessment, called grading, is performed for each set on a representative sample. The difficulty of this assessment is to fully characterize the sample. To do so, it is necessary to qualify each of its elements. In other words, it is necessary to evaluate each individual cereal grain. Historically, this has been performed manually by an operator who isolates each evaluated grain. This method is exposed to various problems: firstly, results obtained by an operator are not perfectly repeatable. For example, eyestrain can influence the assessment. On the other hand the evaluation depends on the operator: it is not reproducible. The results can vary from one operator to another. The aim of this thesis is to develop a system that can handle this visual inspection. In a first time, the acquisition system is introduced. Image acquisition and lighting parts are placed in a cabin. Several methods have been introduced to manage accuracy and stability of the acquisitions. Then, a shape model learning is detailed: this step, based on an image with manually separated objects, defines and modelizes shape of the considered cereal grains (wheat, rice, barley). Two detection approaches are then introduced: a deterministic method and a probabilistic one. Both are based on the same tools to process the objects segmentation of an image, but they deal with the question in a different way. The results provided by the system and presented in this thesis emphasize the ability of this automatic system to process the visual inspection of food products.

There are experiences that labour inspectors undergo when doing their jobs. In Brazil, (Labour Inspectors: Killings 2005:1), the use of physical violence against labour inspectors led to armed federal police officer travelling with labour inspectors, after the murder of three labour inspectors in the Soya Plantation which was allegedly using illegal slave labourers. Rice (2006:26) pointed out that labour inspectors enforce the labour laws and related regulations and apply national standards and report to supervisors on problems and defects not covered by regulations. A qualitative study was used to collect data using one-on-one semi-structured interviews from 15 labour inspectors at 15 labour centres in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. The aim of the study was to explore and describe the experiences of labour inspectors in their field of work. The researcher read the informed consent form for the participants and they signed and permitted the researcher to use an audio recorder (see annexure B). The following experiences are identified and described: expectations of DOL when conducting an inspection, fulfillment, frustrations, frustration management, and challenges in the field of work, support systems and tools of trade. The limitation of this study was the collection of data. Geographically, Mpumalanga Province (South Africa) is big and it was time consuming and financially costly to access the inspectors. They also had tight schedules to allocate time for the research interviews. / Dissertation (MSocSci)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Social Work and Criminology / unrestricted