Two "old melodies" (guqu) from traditional Cantonese instrumental repertoire, "The Grief of Zhaojun" (Zhaojun Yuan) and "Autumn Moon Overlooking the Han Palace" (Hangong Qiuyue) are assigned contrasting moods by Cantonese musicians: the former is associated with sorrowful sentiments; the latter, with bright and/or lively qualities. This study attempts to show that affective elements in Cantonese instrumental music intergrate ancient socio-philosophical theories with aspects of traditional performance practice. Chapter 1 presents the similarities between Confucian functionalist ideology and a number of heterophonic features. Chapter 2 introduces the manifestation of Daoist metaphysical philosophy through principles of heterophonic variation and a number of melodic characteristics. Chapter 3 contains some general aspects of traditional Cantonese instrumental music and the musical analysis. The musical analysis looks, within the context of Confucianism and Daoism, at the affective role of melodic embellishment techniques associated with heterophonic practices.

Two "old melodies" (guqu) from traditional Cantonese instrumental repertoire, "The Grief of Zhaojun" (Zhaojun Yuan) and "Autumn Moon Overlooking the Han Palace" (Hangong Qiuyue) are assigned contrasting moods by Cantonese musicians: the former is associated with sorrowful sentiments; the latter, with bright and/or lively qualities. This study attempts to show that affective elements in Cantonese instrumental music intergrate ancient socio-philosophical theories with aspects of traditional performance practice. Chapter 1 presents the similarities between Confucian functionalist ideology and a number of heterophonic features. Chapter 2 introduces the manifestation of Daoist metaphysical philosophy through principles of heterophonic variation and a number of melodic characteristics. Chapter 3 contains some general aspects of traditional Cantonese instrumental music and the musical analysis. The musical analysis looks, within the context of Confucianism and Daoism, at the affective role of melodic embellishment techniques associated with heterophonic practices. / Arts, Faculty of / Music, School of / Graduate

published_or_final_version / Music / Master / Master of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Music / Master / Master of Philosophy

Lung Man Wai. / Thesis submitted in: December 2005. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.ii / Acknowledgements --- p.v / "Figures, Tables, and Examples" --- p.viii / Romanization --- p.ix / Abbreviations --- p.x / Chapter Chapter I --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter a. --- Related Studies --- p.10 / Chapter b. --- The Model --- p.17 / Chapter c. --- Methodology --- p.19 / Chapter d. --- Chapter Summary for the Thesis --- p.20 / Chapter Chapter II --- "Musicians, Service Seekers and Agents" --- p.23 / Chapter a. --- Training Backgrounds of Musicians --- p.25 / Chapter b. --- "The Network of Musicians and the ""Key Musicians""" --- p.33 / Chapter c. --- Discipline --- p.39 / Chapter d. --- Summary: How Can Musicians Obtain More Gaidong Performing Opportunities? --- p.45 / Chapter e. --- "Money vs. Dignity, Professional Ethics, and Competitions" --- p.46 / Chapter f. --- Service Seekers and Agents --- p.49 / Chapter Chapter III --- The Music of Gaidong --- p.56 / Chapter a. --- Repertoire --- p.57 / Chapter b. --- "Collections of Pieces - The Gaidong ""Fake Books""" --- p.67 / Chapter c. --- Choices of Music --- p.78 / Chapter d. --- Combinations of Instruments --- p.89 / Chapter e. --- Performance Practice and Improvisation --- p.92 / Chapter Chapter IV --- "Venue, Occasion and Audience" --- p.105 / Chapter a. --- Venue: Outdoors vs. Indoors --- p.107 / Chapter b. --- Occasion: Center of Attention vs. Background Music --- p.109 / Chapter c. --- The Role of the Host --- p.111 / Chapter d. --- The Audiences --- p.115 / Chapter e. --- Requests for Songs by Audience Members --- p.117 / Chapter Chapter V --- Influence from the Environment -Two Case Studies and the Impact of the Twelve Girls Band --- p.124 / Chapter a. --- "Case Study One: Chinese New Year Celebration at Hong Kong International Airport,2004" --- p.125 / Chapter b. --- Case Study Two: The Standard Chartered Bank Board Visit Staff Dinner --- p.129 / Chapter c. --- Other Examples of Gaidong Affected by the Twelve Girls Band --- p.139 / Chapter d. --- The Twelve Girls Band --- p.144 / Chapter e. --- Other Environmental Factors --- p.149 / Chapter Chapter VI --- The Model: The Ecology of Gaidong --- p.155 / Chapter a. --- Mutualism and Competition --- p.160 / Chapter b. --- The Extended Model --- p.161 / Chapter Chapter VII --- Conclusion --- p.164 / Appendix 1 List of Gaidong Performances in which the Author Participated --- p.170 / Appendix 2 Contents of the Gaidong Po --- p.175 / Appendix 3 Contents of the Blue Score --- p.181 / Appendix 4 Contents of the MLCO Gaidong Score Album --- p.183 / Appendix 5 Music Pieces Used in Gaidong: The Combination of Contents of Three Gaidong Scores --- p.184 / Appendix 6 Selected Scores from the MLCO Gaidong Score Album --- p.192 / Appendix 7 Agenda for Standard Chartered Bank Staff Dinner gaidong (Case Study2) --- p.196 / Appendix 8 Selected Scores Used in the Standard Chartered Bank Staff Dinner gaidong (Case Study2) --- p.198 / Appendix 9 A Copy of the Audience Members' Handwritten Requests for Gaidong No.84 --- p.200 / Character List and Glossary --- p.201 / References Cited --- p.205 / Websites --- p.210 / Supplementary Materials: / Chapter a. --- The Blue Book Scores / Chapter b. --- The Gaidong po Scores

This documents aims at the identification of the sources of influence upon the styles of selected 20th century Chinese composers. Personal influences are reflected as well as those general influences specific to the different stylistic periods discussed. Most important, however, is the description of the methods by which these composers employ contemporary compositional devices to project musical gestures that are uniquely Chinese: elements of culture which are fundamentally programmatic and intimately related to the lives of the Chinese people. The introduction of Western music and musical instruments to China in the early 17th century and cultural exchanges with Japan served to gradually westernize the musical environment and training. The establishment of decidedly Western schools was accomplished at the beginning of this century, with the founding of Peking University and Shanghai National Conservatory. Music theory was taught, as well as history and composition, but with an emphasis on the practices of the 18th and 19th centuries. Compositions from this period reflect Western techniques from these eras, with some use of the pentatonic scale. In the 1930's, nationalism arose, a mirroring of the 19th-century European nationalistic trends. This philosophical conception has remained essentially unchanged to the present, as composers have aimed to utilize Western techniques to create artistic works and compositional styles which are uniquely Chinese. The musical works examined are limited to works for piano solo, as it is believed these are often more immediately revealing of compositional techniques and stylistic idioms.

One of the most important compositional theories of Alexander Tcherepnin (1899-1977), Russian-American composer and pianist, is the Eurasian ideology, which was a result of the influence of Eastern culture. Inspired by this theory, Tcherepnin not only extricated himself from his own compositional techniques, but also intensified his search for musical folklore. In April, 1934, he began a world tour which was to include China, Japan, Singapore, the Philippines, Egypt, and Palestine, to search for "musical folklore." He became so fascinated with the culture of ancient China that he cancelled the rest of his arrangements, and, except for visits to Japan, he remained in China for three years, until the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War in July, 1937. During his three-year stay in China, Tcherepnin was greatly attracted to Chinese culture, and as a result, Chinese culture influenced his music to a significant degree. This essay examines the manner in which Tcherepnin's music was influenced by his experiences in China. In order to precisely analyze the close affiliation between Chinese musical elements and Tcherepnin's "Chinese Mikrokosmos," many original Chinese sources proved indispensable in this study. These sources include Chinese folk music, theater music, instrumental music, religious music, and Chinese periodicals and newspapers that reported Tcherepnin's activities in China (1934-7). The organization of this dissertation as follows: Chapter I provides a brief biographical sketch of Tcherepnin, traces his activities in China, and introduces one of his greatest "Chinese" compositions, "Chinese Mikrokosmos," which represents the fruits of his labors to scrutinize and absorb Chinese musical language. Chapters II and III are devoted to exploring how Chinese folk and instrumental music inspired Tcherepnin's "Chinese Mikrokosmos." Chapter IV summarizes this study.

China in the twentieth century witnessed a series of revolutions that brought about political and economic changes. Traditional cultures also underwent various changes to survive the drastic impacts of these political revolutionary ideologies. This study takes the case of the Qingyin (locally referred to as the Sizhu), a silk and bamboo instrumental ensemble form that has survived these political impacts in China's recent history and is still thriving in the rural community of Nanhui, a district geographically neighbour to the cosmopolitan city Shanghai, with the aim to locate the reasons and ways of its transformation. / Under the influence of various political, economic, and cultural factors, the Qingyin has lived through different musical groups over time. From 1850 to 1949, within the framework of Confucianism, it took the form of non-professional ritual musical bands. From 1949 to 1976, under the socialistic slogan of "art serves political ideologies", the Qingyin survived within the organizations of local opera bands and propaganda units to spread Maoism. From 1977 to 2004, under the government policy that "culture goes hand-in-hand with economy", the Qingyin lived among "art factories" (non-governmental corporations combining art with commercial production) and semi-professional ritual-musical bands. This study discusses how this traditional form of musical ensemble underwent the three stages of ritual-musical culture, popular culture, and consumption culture, with their corresponding changes in music repertory, performance style, and social activities. The author sees those changes as ways to continue cultural traditions employed by musicians to adapt to the alienated cultural ecology, which the author describes as "mechanism of internal reaction" and gives its analysis and interpretation. / 齊琨. / 簡譜記譜. / 論文(哲學博士)--香港中文大學, 2005. / 參考文獻(p. 314-330). / Jian pu ji pu. / Adviser: Tsao Pou Yee. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-07, Section: A, page: 2389. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts also in English. / School code: 1307. / Lun wen (Zhe xue bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2005. / Can kao wen xian (p. 314-330). / Qi Kun.