Abstract Due to the development of venture practices worldwide, many scholars have been studying ways of creating successful ventures; most of which are related to web-based individual ventures, organizational ventures or co-operative ventures. However, during an organizational venture, the interactive relationship among the partners might affect the venturing process. Although this type of research is limited, it still has its importance, and thus arouses a motivation for this research. This research is based on a case study relating to an organization that is undergoing an internal venture. Through interviews and analysis with the necessary information, this research concludes the following results: 1. According to the organization, the goal of internal venturing is to establish the possibility of different industry with the aid of government funding. After the failure of the bidding, the partners have decided to carry out the blueprint that was drawn for the bidding, and search for the possibility of other support. 2. The time for the venturing process is very tight. During the first 6 months of the plan, meetings were held regularly; after that there was a 1-month preparation and the organization was established. So, the partners have to cooperate in a short time, and conflicts and emotions are resulted. Competitions are common and conflicts cause the loss of professional skills. 3. After six months of operation, because of different opinions and insistence within the organization, as well as the eager to create revenue in a short period, the strategies of the organization have begun to fall away from the original plan. The amount of revenues does not meet the expectation and conflicts among the staff are increasing. Managers have begun to have doubts about the plan, and the venture partners are beginning to resign and the organization is beginning to collapse. Keywords: Internal Venture, Venture Partners, Interactive Relationship.

Human being, as an individual, is a basic element of social organization and plays different roles within different organizations such as family, school, and working setting. During the process of role-taking, individuals are influenced by three factors: personality traits, organization, and interpersonal relationship within working environment. Given that, the purpose of this study is to understand the association of personal, organizational and environmental factors and ¡§perceptions of organizational politics¡¨(POPs). 29 organizations participated in this study and , from which, 1524 valid respondents were collected and analyzed through methods of ¡§factor analysis¡¨, ¡§validity & reliability test¡¨, ¡§correlation analysis¡¨ and ¡§hierarchical regression¡¨. After applying ¡§factor analysis¡¨ of the POPs, it was categorized by three dimensions analysis: ¡§(1) behaviors of superior and subordinate; (2) go along and get ahead; (3) difference between the policies of compensation and promotion and actual practices. The results of this study in summary are: 1.Personal factor has effects on POPs with respect to all its three dimensions. 2.Organizational factor has effects on POPs with respect to all its three dimensions. 3.Environmental factor has effects on POPs with respect to all its three dimensions.

本研究探討的研究問題有三：（一）記者與消息來源的關係類型有哪些？（二）影響記者與消息來源人際關係發展的因素有哪些？（三）記者與消息來源之互動關係如何影響記者處理消息來源人物的方式？ 　　本研究以參與觀察法、深度訪談法及內容分析法，針對四位個案記者進行研究。研究結果如下： 　　一、記者與消息來源互動關係類型 　　個案記者與消息來源的互動關係可分為四類，第一類是同化關係，記者較容易被主跑線上經常提供新聞線索的消息來源同化。 　　第二類是利益合作關係，記者通常與職級較高或主管級的消息來源維持利益合作的關係。 　　第三類是對立關係，因為記者與消息來源互動時以各自的利益為重，故當記者與消息來源因對方的舉動無法達成各自的目的時，便容易演變為對立關係。 　　第四類是表面接觸關係記者經常與非預定新聞事件的主角或發起人維繫此種關係。 　　二、影響記者與消息來源之人際關係發展因素 　　四位個案記者傾向於與專業性及可信度高的消息來源互動頻繁。而對於經常協助記者取得新聞資訊的消息來源，記者容易產生高度的情感認同。另外，記者通常較依賴職級較高的消息來源取得新聞詮釋。 　　三、記者與消息來源互動關係與記者處理消息來源方式之關聯性 　　四位個案記者在新聞內容中賦予消息來源的顯著程度，不會因記者與消息來源的關係親密程度而受到影響。而記者在新聞內容中對消息來源的態度呈現上，則傾向於對表面接觸關係的消息來源做有利的處理。

近幾年，台灣雖然有線頻道的開放，新聞媒體如雨後春筍冒出，但並無走向自由主義所奉行的「獨佔產生一致、競爭造成多元」的局面，反而造就新聞內容高度同質化、貧乏化與劣質化，基層新聞從業人員聲譽也每況愈下，飽受雙重壓力，外有各界針貶責難、內臨組織管理階層的不公平待遇。 許多研究將上述現象，歸咎於媒體結構（前端）的畸形，或從產製結果（後端）-內容面，剖析新聞場域的種種亂象。而本研究立旨於解構一窩蜂新聞產製現象中的來龍去脈、運作過程與利弊得失，故採不同於以往的分析取徑，以「電視新聞產製過程」（中端）中的行動者為主角，透過田野觀察、深度訪談取得研究資料，瞭解電視新聞從業人員與同業、電視新聞組織主管的互動關係，最後將田野資料進行紮根演繹，具體化研究目標與研究主題，瞭解電視新聞生產結構，並建立「一窩蜂新聞產製流程模式」。 本研究以「一窩蜂新聞學」（Pack Journalism）為根基，並以以「記者一窩蜂動作」為經，「與同業（同事）、決策者的互動關係」為緯，並援引Bourdieu新聞場域理論與Giddens的結構行動論，解析造成一窩蜂新聞產製與新聞同質化的內（記者個人心理）、外（新聞結構）在因素。 研究發現將一窩蜂新聞產製的成因分為五點，包括傳播者個人層次、常規層次、跨新聞組織層次、媒體外層次與社會文化層次。而本研究也發現新聞場域形成一迴路機制，藉由互相鏡射下，產生出速度政權與收視率的禁錮，在在都成為記者一窩蜂產製新聞的生存心態，導致新聞內容趨向高度同質化。不過，為了在場域的鬥爭中取得優勢地位，記者會藉由「秀異展示」，凸顯自己，轉化為具體目標，就是追求「獨家新聞」與建立「領導品牌」，在不知不覺中增強「象徵暴力」的施展能量，使記者本身陷入更深的束縛。 那新聞從業人員有抵抗的可能性嗎？本研究也發現新聞結構必須經過整頓，才有抵抗的空間，但在空間來臨之前，記者可以先行累積迂迴抵抗的資源，等待結構重整後才能一舉衝破牢網。 / In recent years, although Taiwan’s Government has allowed cable television stations to open and news media have expanded quickly, the development of television media deviates from the Liberalists’ ideal: monopoly leads to consistence, competition forms diversity. On the contrary, not only does Taiwan’s news content tend toward homogeneity and mediocrity, but also the status of journalists has gone from bad to worse. Journalists face two sets of pressures: there have been acute criticisms from Taiwanese society, and working conditions have deteriorated badly. Many research papers have dissected the above phenomenon in the news field, from the abnormality of media structure to the content of news production. This study aims to analyze the development, the operation, the merits and demerits of pack journalism, and therefore adopts a different approach from past analysis. In order to study pack journalism, this study adopts Bourdieu’s journalistic field theory and Giddens’ structure / activities theory to analyze news production processes. It focuses on journalists themselves and attempts to understand the interactive relationship of TV news workers, colleagues and managers though field study and in-depth interviews. Finally, I use grounded theory to analyze field information, concretizing the research subject and goals, with discussions of the model of news production in pack journalism. This study claims that there are five aspects of news production processes when studying pack journalism: individual level, media routines level, cross-news organization level, extra-media level and social-cultural level. The news field gives rise to a system marked by operational closure, which contributes to speed-driven news production and response to television ratings. These become the primary motives for journalists’ news generation, and result in homogeneity of news content. However, in order to advance in their field, journalists will try to distinguish themselves by pursuing scoops and branding themselves as leaders. Unconsciously, they reinforce the power of symbolic violence and get themselves into more complicated positions. Can news workers resist these scrapes? Can news workers resist these scrapes? Journalist need to accumulate resources to resist in the first place. With the efforts, the media structure is going to reorganized and then the journalists will have more space to stand firm the pressures of being homogeneity. After these changes take place, journalists may just be able to break through the shackles of pack journalism.