Although there are numerous online classes now, yet it is still questionable whether it can achieve the purpose to be initiative, diversified, interactive and collaborative. Taking a look at the current online classrooms, the functions developed by the systems are getting more and more complete; meanwhile, the user-friendliness which is getting improving has brought more convenience for users. However, if there should not be any powerful drive that is pushing from behind, most students would not spend much time getting online to participate in interaction and such classrooms with nearly no students were similar to nonexistence at all. Even for those online classrooms that are more popular among students, the messages left on their bulletin boards are mostly questions for requirements of the class and reposting of some online articles. Not many students can share what they know about these lessons and express how they feel in a profound way, which does not help a lot for learning efficiency of knowledge construction. This study is based on the related theories of learning communities by referencing Tsai, Chung-Yuan¡¦s (Tsai, Chung-Yuan, 2001) instructive interactive design of control, feedback, and facilitate strategies to provide students an online classroom for their spare-time learning by themselves as an experimental platform. Based on a mode of quasi-experiment, it is to group them and manipulate the dependent variables, and to observe the learning behaviors and participation of the subjects in order to empirically test the instructively and socially interactive strategies among teachers and students, students and their peers. For teachers, this study is expected to find an empirically proved strategic mode that can encourage students to have initiative learning and highly participation in the online classroom, and designs a questionnaire aiming at students¡¦ motivations and satisfactions, and the efficiency of group collaborative learning and studying groups. As for students, it is to explore the bottleneck that they have faced and couldn¡¦t break through all the time, then makes a deduction and designs some successful operational strategies to make online classroom work in order to achieve the learning efficacy so that online classroom will not become just another BBS established on the internet platform but can help to fulfill the dream of online learning.

Lärares sätt att förhålla sig till felsvar i matematiken är ett relativt outforskat område. I denna kvalitativa fallstudie var syftet att synliggöra hur en lärare kan använda sig av elevers felsvar för att skapa rika matematiksamtal i undervisningen. Med hjälp av en observation av en matematiklektion samt uppföljande stimulated recall-intervju, har det undersökts hur lära- ren kan framkalla och utnyttja felsvar för att skapa rika matematiksamtal. Resultaten visar att lärare kan framkalla felsvar genom att etablera normer där det är accepterat att säga fel. Tre strategier verkar särskilt användbara för att utnyttja felsvar: Räkna ut lösningen i helklass för att undersöka var svaret brister, jämföra elevernas olika resonemang samt ifrågasätta elever- nas resonemang. Framkallandet och utnyttjandet av felsvar kan då skapa rika matematiksam- tal där elever utmanas att försvara olika resonemang och gemensamt komma överens med sina klasskamrater om vilken lösning som fungerar bäst, alltså konsensus. / Teachers ways of using misconceptions and wrong answers in the mathematics classroom is not a very researched concept. The aim of this case study was to shed light on the different ways in which teachers can use students’ wrong answers in the mathematics classroom to create rich mathematical conversations. By observing a mathematics lesson and organising a stimulated recall interview, this study has investigated how a teacher induces wrong answers from students and uses these answers to create rich mathematic discussions. The results of this study show that teachers can induce wrong answers by establishing norms where there is an overall acceptance for wrong answers. Three strategies seem to be beneficial to use the wrong answers to create rich conversations: calculate the wrong answer and in whole class-education investigate where it fails, comparing the children’s opinions and reasoning and questioning the pupil´s reasoning. The inducing and using of the misconceptions can create rich mathe- matical discussions where the children can be challenged to explain different reasoning and in children’s work in reaching an agreement in the mathematics classroom.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:42:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1364013 bytes, checksum: def4a6aa07047e84e8b939a7de8e5b3d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The spacial and temporal distance among subjects is one of the big challenges to the development of dialogues on virtual learning enviromnents (VLE) of distance teaching. Among the instruments present on Moodle platform, the VLE used by Courses offered by UFPB Virtual, the Discussion forum presents as the space that makes possible to develop social inter-relations about the contents of the discipline or other aspects. However, this instrument is not always used by teachers to develop dialogues on the respective disciplines. Many teachers apply specific question and ask students only to publish their answers. So, this study analises docent interactive strategies used on Discussion forums of distance teaching, on the discipline Introdução à Educação a Distância from the Curso de Graduação em Ciências Naturais (Licenciatura a Distância) of UFPB Virtual, during the semester 2011.2, with the intention of verifying the focus of docent interactive strategias on the referred technological instrument. It was based on the theory of enunciation of Bakhtin/Volochínov ([1929] 2010) and Bakhtin ([1979] 2010), whose perspectives conceives that the subject is constructed in relation with the alterity and on assumptions from Belloni (2009), Moran (2002, 2003, 2007, 2011) and Moore ([1993] 2002), among others, about Distance Education. We collected the corpus from the social environment where they were created and published, i.e., the own Discussion forums from the discipline mentioned above. The qualitative methodology was used to analyze the referred object of study. During the investigation of interactive strategies, we noticed that the way the teacher guides the student s participation refracts the organization of ideological practices on student-student inter-relations promoted on the discipline Introdução à Educação a Distância. Therefore, we consider that the docent interactive strategies suggest the construction of student s arguments through the dialogical and valorative relations with other discourses and subjects, influenced by the enunciative conditions determined by each situation of social communication. / Um dos grandes desafios para o desenvolvimento de diálogos nos ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem (AVA) da Educação a Distância é a separação espacial e temporal dos sujeitos inseridos nesta modalidade de ensino. Entre as ferramentas presentes na plataforma Moodle, o AVA utilizado pelos Cursos oferecidos pela UFPB Virtual, o Fórum de discussão destaca-se como o espaço que possibilita o desenvolvimento de inter-relações sociais sobre os conteúdos abordados na disciplina ou inerentes a outros aspectos. No entanto, nem sempre os professores utilizam os Fóruns de discussão para o desenvolvimento de diálogos nas respectivas disciplinas. Muitos professores aplicam questionamentos específicos e solicitam apenas que os alunos postem suas respostas. Diante disso, o presente estudo analisa estratégias interativas docentes em Fóruns de discussão do ensino a distância, no âmbito da disciplina Introdução à Educação a Distância do Curso de Graduação em Ciências Naturais (Licenciatura a Distância) da UFPB Virtual, durante o período letivo 2011.2, com o intuito de verificar o foco das estratégias interativas docentes no referido instrumento tecnológico. Para tanto, a fundamentação teórica baseia-se, principalmente, na teoria da enunciação de Bakhtin/Volochínov ([1929] 2010) e Bakhtin ([1979] 2010), cujas perspectivas concebem que a constituição do sujeito acontece na relação com a alteridade e em pressupostos de Belloni (2009), Moran (2002, 2003, 2007, 2011) e Moore ([1993] 2002), entre outros, sobre Educação a Distância. Coletamos os enunciados no meio social aonde foram elaborados e publicados, ou seja, nos próprios Fóruns de discussão da disciplina mencionada. Adotamos a metodologia qualitativa como paradigma para análise do objeto de estudo deste trabalho. Diante da investigação sobre as estratégias interativas, constatamos que o modo como o professor orienta a participação discente refrata a organização das práticas ideológicas nas inter-relações aluno-aluno promovidas na disciplina Introdução à Educação a Distância. Verificamos, também, que as estratégias interativas docentes sugerem a construção dos enunciados discentes pela via das relações dialógicas e valorativas com outros discursos e sujeitos, influenciadas pelas condições enunciativas determinadas por cada situação de comunicação social.

The inspectorial system is a legacy of the colonial era. The functions, responsibilities and strategies of the inspectorial system in PNG schools were introduced during the colonial era and since its inception there have been insignificant changes made. There are perceived problems being experienced due to the growth of the education system and the complex management of education services as a result of the centralized and decentralized organizational functions introduced some thirty years ago. The multiple, conflicting and confusing roles of the inspectorial system developed over the years and the organizational cultures of agencies responsible for the inspectorial system have further complicated the work of inspectors. Thus the question of how effectively the inspectorial system works and how it serves its functions needs to be addressed, particularly on how it enhances the teaching profession. Although the inspectorial system was introduced as a means of quality assurance, which is still being emphasized in PNG, the analysis reveals that supervision and professional development strategies are applied by inspectors as interactive strategies to pursue better education standards and quality education. These strategies supposedly ensure teacher professionalism is sustained and improved in order to impact on the quality of education provided by the schools. However a lack of clear understanding of teacher professionalism, despite changes and developments within the education system, may be also having an influence on how effective the inspectorial system is. The inspectorial system has developed into a complicated system. Therefore the need for clear demarcations of its functions, responsibilities and strategies is investigated in this study so that the inspectorial system is improved or developed into a more functional system that may produce tangible outcomes. The study explores the experiences, beliefs and perceptions of teachers, head teachers and inspectors about the inspectorial system, teacher professionalism and their relationships. It does so by answering the main question, how and to what extent does the inspectorial system enhance and hinder teacher professionalism in primary schools in PNG, as well as specifically answering the following key questions: • How does the inspectorial system operate in primary schools in PNG? • What are the dimensions of teacher professionalism that are perceived by teachers, head teachers and inspectors? • How are these dimensions of teacher professionalism linked to the interactive strategies applied by inspectors on teachers and head teachers? • What redeveloped conceptual framework grounded in the realities of teachers’, head teachers’ and inspectors’ experiences, beliefs and perceptions about the inspectorial interactive strategies can enhance teacher professionalism? In doing so, the interactive strategies of the inspectorial system (including quality assurance, professional development and professional ethics) and the dimensions of teacher professionalism (including teacher compliance, teacher knowledge, teacher leadership, teacher professional development and teacher professional ethics) are disclosed and their linkages identified. For example, professional development interactive strategies are linked directly to teacher professional development as experienced and perceived by teachers, head teachers and inspectors. This is done so that the direct impacts of each inspectorial interactive strategy on the dimensions of teacher professionalism are identified, and this leads to the creation of a conceptual framework for an inspectorial system that enhances teacher professionalism. The conceptual framework can guide supervisors, either school-based or externally based, to develop and execute an efficient supervisory system that can have a direct impact on an evolving teaching profession.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The transformations undergone by radio journalism in the current context of media convergence support this dissertation, which aims at investigating the interactive strategies adopted by informative radio through digital social networks. So, were chosen as research objects CBN and Gaúcha radio stations, both offering programs primarily to radio journalism and strong presence in the online environment, the first with national reach and the second with regional, restricted to the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The study is developed from the application of a mixed research methodology, based on a literature review that goes through the concepts of convergence, radio communication, interactivity and digital social networks. To the theoretical course was added a Comparative Case Study, which was based on evidences gathered through the consultation documents, direct observation of websites and profiles on social networking sites, in-depth interviews and even the content analysis, method applied to sound and digital content from both stations. The intersection of theoretical discussions and empirical research data obtained allowed reflection on the appropriateness of issuing the convergence process, indicating different levels of adaptation. The report also pointed for a wide appreciation of digital environments by analyzed radio stations, especially social networking sites. These spaces, however, are mainly used to extent broadcast content. The interactivity with listeners, understood from the notion of reciprocity, was revealed in the background, demonstrating that although inserted in the digital ecosystem, the radio does not have full mastery of new interactive tools enabled by information and communication technologies. / As transformações pelas quais passa o radiojornalismo no atual contexto da convergência midiática fundamentam esta dissertação, que tem como objetivo principal investigar as estratégias interativas adotadas por rádios informativas por meio das redes sociais digitais. Para tanto, foram escolhidas como objetos de pesquisa as emissoras de rádio CBN e Gaúcha, ambas com programação voltada fundamentalmente ao radiojornalismo e forte inserção no ambiente on-line, sendo a primeira com alcance nacional e a segunda com âmbito regional, restrita ao Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. O estudo é desenvolvido a partir da aplicação de uma metodologia de pesquisa mista, partindo de uma revisão bibliográfica que perpassa pelos conceitos de convergência, comunicação radiofônica, interatividade e redes sociais digitais. Ao percurso teórico foi acrescentado o estudo comparativo de casos, que se baseou em evidências coletadas através da consulta a documentos, observação direta de sites e perfis em sites de redes sociais, entrevistas em profundidade e ainda da análise de conteúdo, método aplicado ao conteúdo sonoro e digital de ambas as emissoras. O cruzamento das discussões teóricas e dos dados obtidos na pesquisa empírica permitiu a reflexão quanto à adequação das emissoras ao processo de convergência, indicando diferentes níveis de adaptação. A pesquisa apontou também para uma ampla valorização dos ambientes digitais pelas rádios analisadas, em especial os sites de redes sociais. Estes espaços, contudo, são empregados principalmente para a difusão de conteúdos. A interatividade com os ouvintes, compreendida a partir da noção de reciprocidade, revelou-se em segundo plano, demonstrando que apesar de inseridos no ecossistema digital, as rádios ainda não têm total domínio das novas ferramentas interativas viabilizadas pelas tecnologias de informação e comunicação.