In the emerging knowledge economy, scientific pursuit in the form of international collaboration has escalated. Studies consistently report that such collaboration, which has been intensifying in the last several decades, is common among not only advanced economies but also in emerging scientific nations such as China, India, and Brazil. The emergence of a "new invisible college" of international knowledge exchange has aroused interest from social scientists and captured the attention of policymakers. Indeed, recognizing its importance as a means of monitoring and exploiting other countries' R&D investment, more and more countries champion and participate in international joint research. International collaboration between the United States (US) and China is particularly interesting. The US has been and will continue to be the leader in scientific development for the foreseeable future. However, as a rising scientific power, China is changing the global landscape of ideas and innovation along with other emerging countries. The growing significance of the US-China relationship and worldwide interest in China's development suggest that the characteristics of the scientific collaboration of these two countries and its associated knowledge dissemination across national borders are timely topics to study. Surprisingly, few studies have examined research collaboration between a scientific superpower and an emerging scientific power, particularly in the context of emerging state-of-the-art technology. This dissertation seeks to address this research gap by examining patterns of collaboration in the US-China scientific community and its impact on China's rapid knowledge accumulation in nanotechnology, if any, through Chinese knowledge moderators (CKMs)--Chinese scholars who bridge two otherwise distant scientific communities through intensive collaboration with both sides. The research focuses on the following three aspects: firstly, built upon the notions of the boundary spanner and the structural hole, the study develops the concept of Chinese knowledge moderators and uses it as an instrument to examine the relationship between international collaboration and knowledge spillover across national boundaries. Secondly, it operationalizes and tests the impact of US-China collaboration using multiple methods. In addition to citation-based indicators, based on the turnover of nanotechnology keywords, the study investigates the impact of collaborating with US scholars on CKMs' research trajectory and the international knowledge spillover facilitated by CKMs. Thirdly, utilizing a longitudinal publication dataset of 77 CKMs and their CV data, this study is able to quantify the dynamic impact of US collaboration on the quality of CKMs' research over time. The combination of bibliometric analyses, empirical testing, and case studies allows for the development of a comprehensive blueprint of US-China scientific collaboration in the field of nanotechnology. This research yields several significant findings. First, the evolution of US-China collaboration in nanotechnology has gone beyond quantitative growth, as qualitative and structural changes have begun to take place. Secondly, CKMs play a critical role in fostering China's nanotechnology development, manifested in both knowledge creation and knowledge diffusion. The present study also reveals that US-China collaboration has a diminishing effect over time on the research quality of CKMs at level of individual papers, but as pertaining to entire journals. Thirdly, the case studies on the evolution of research streams suggest that US-China collaboration influences the research trajectory of CKMs, who, as the conduits of knowledge, further disseminate it within the national boundaries of China. The research also has policy implications for both sides. Chinese policy makers need to strengthen the mechanisms that encourage CKMs collaborating with the US, and, in order to amplify international knowledge spillover, these mechanisms should further encourage more interactions between CKMs and their Chinese domestic colleagues. From the US American perspective, given China's scientific emergence in nanotechnology, the US should direct its efforts to ensuring its ample access to exploiting the heavy R&D investment of this emerging scientific powerhouse by collaborating with top Chinese scientists.

Thesis advisor: Philip G. Altbach / This case study examines the experiences of the government and academic personnel in the United States-Brazil Higher Education Consortia Program. It addresses the overall question, "What factors influence the successful implementation of international higher education collaborations?" The participants include representatives from the two government sponsoring agencies and one four-institution consortium project. The findings reveal that there were certain conditions that facilitated the successful implementation of the consortium project. These conditions are categorized into six themes: partner equality and mutuality, partner characteristics, partner relationship, finances, strategies, and staffing. The findings also reveal that the participants did not consider national culture to be a significant factor in the implementation and collaboration experience. This research is particularly relevant to the international higher education community because it focuses on the project director rather than the student perspective, addresses implementation factors rather than discipline-specific matters or student outcomes, and directly impacts an institution's ability to conceptualize and implement international collaborative initiatives. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2009. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Educational Administration and Higher Education.

A agricultura tem exercido papel de destaque nos grandes fóruns de discussão sobre o futuro das nações, por envolver questões estratégicas em nível mundial, como a busca por eficientes alternativas de energias renováveis, ou ainda, alternativas para mitigar os efeitos das mudanças climáticas globais. Neste contexto, a pesquisa e desenvolvimento (P&D) e a inovação, têm exercido função primordial, sobretudo nos países em desenvolvimento, para que estes possam se posicionar competitivamente como celeiros do mundo em termos de alimentação e fontes de energia mais limpa. A identificação de como investimentos e políticas podem agir em prol das mudanças tecnológicas e inovação para competitividade é uma questão importante tanto para pesquisadores como para tomadores de decisão. Este estudo foi realizado dentro desta lógica, tentando avançar no debate sobre avaliação/mensuração da inovatividade de políticas de inovação na pesquisa e desenvolvimento, agregando ao debate o quadro conceitual de sistemas de inovação. Com o objetivo de compatibilizar um quadro de análise sobre inovatividade em políticas de inovação para P&D que possa ser aplicado para casos do sistema brasileiro de inovação na agricultura, realizou-se este trabalho. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa com propósito exploratório, que utilizou como estratégia um estudo de caso único (o modelo formal de cooperação internacional empregado pela Embrapa) incorporado (duas unidades de análise, correspondentes a duas modalidades desta cooperação internacional). Foram realizadas entrevistas junto a especialistas em cooperação internacional nos EUA, os quais avaliaram o caso segundo o modelo de Altshuler-Zegan, com critérios para análise de inovatividade (novidade, qualidade, impacto e replicabilidade) e para o efeito desta inovatividade no grau de sucesso das mesmas (resultados esperados x reais e conseqüências imprevistas, positivas x negativas). O estudo permitiu concluir que, observando-se alguns ajustes na gestão, através de uma ferramenta analítica para se avaliar tanto o nível de inovatividade quanto o efeito da mesma no sucesso de políticas de inovação, é possível obterse parâmetros para realinhar e/ou elaborar políticas de inovação que atendam as necessidades desafiantes da pesquisa e desenvolvimento do agronegócio brasileiro rumo à competitividade. / Agriculture has played important role in the major debates on the future of nations. It involves strategic issues worldwide, as the search for efficient alternative energy sources, or alternatives to mitigate the effects of global climate change. In this context, research and development (R&D) and innovation have played a major role, especially in developing countries, so that they can make decisions competitively as storehouses of the world in terms of food and sources of cleaner energy. The identification of how such investments and policies can act on behalf of technological change and innovation for competitiveness is an important issue for researchers and for decision makers. This study was conducted within this logic, trying to advance the debate on evaluation/measurement of the innovativeness of innovation policies in research and development, adding to debate the conceptual framework of innovation systems. In order to harmonizing a framework for analysis of innovativeness on innovation policies for R&D that can be applied to cases of the Brazilian system of innovation in agriculture, this work has been carried out. This is a qualitative exploratory research, using a single case study (the formal model of international cooperation employed by Embrapa) embedded (two units of analysis, corresponding to patterns of international cooperation). Interviews were conducted with experts in international cooperation in the U.S., which evaluated the case under the model of Altshuler-Zegan, with criteria for the analysis of innovativeness (novelty, quality, impact and replicability) and the effect of innovativeness on the degree of success (results, expected x actual and unintended consequences, positive x negative). The study concluded that, observing some adjustments on management, through analytical tools to assess both the level of innovativeness and its effect on the success of innovation policies, it is possible to obtain parameters to realign and/or to develop innovation policies that meet the needs of challenging research and development of Brazilian agriculture towards competitiveness.

A agricultura tem exercido papel de destaque nos grandes fóruns de discussão sobre o futuro das nações, por envolver questões estratégicas em nível mundial, como a busca por eficientes alternativas de energias renováveis, ou ainda, alternativas para mitigar os efeitos das mudanças climáticas globais. Neste contexto, a pesquisa e desenvolvimento (P&D) e a inovação, têm exercido função primordial, sobretudo nos países em desenvolvimento, para que estes possam se posicionar competitivamente como celeiros do mundo em termos de alimentação e fontes de energia mais limpa. A identificação de como investimentos e políticas podem agir em prol das mudanças tecnológicas e inovação para competitividade é uma questão importante tanto para pesquisadores como para tomadores de decisão. Este estudo foi realizado dentro desta lógica, tentando avançar no debate sobre avaliação/mensuração da inovatividade de políticas de inovação na pesquisa e desenvolvimento, agregando ao debate o quadro conceitual de sistemas de inovação. Com o objetivo de compatibilizar um quadro de análise sobre inovatividade em políticas de inovação para P&D que possa ser aplicado para casos do sistema brasileiro de inovação na agricultura, realizou-se este trabalho. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa com propósito exploratório, que utilizou como estratégia um estudo de caso único (o modelo formal de cooperação internacional empregado pela Embrapa) incorporado (duas unidades de análise, correspondentes a duas modalidades desta cooperação internacional). Foram realizadas entrevistas junto a especialistas em cooperação internacional nos EUA, os quais avaliaram o caso segundo o modelo de Altshuler-Zegan, com critérios para análise de inovatividade (novidade, qualidade, impacto e replicabilidade) e para o efeito desta inovatividade no grau de sucesso das mesmas (resultados esperados x reais e conseqüências imprevistas, positivas x negativas). O estudo permitiu concluir que, observando-se alguns ajustes na gestão, através de uma ferramenta analítica para se avaliar tanto o nível de inovatividade quanto o efeito da mesma no sucesso de políticas de inovação, é possível obterse parâmetros para realinhar e/ou elaborar políticas de inovação que atendam as necessidades desafiantes da pesquisa e desenvolvimento do agronegócio brasileiro rumo à competitividade. / Agriculture has played important role in the major debates on the future of nations. It involves strategic issues worldwide, as the search for efficient alternative energy sources, or alternatives to mitigate the effects of global climate change. In this context, research and development (R&D) and innovation have played a major role, especially in developing countries, so that they can make decisions competitively as storehouses of the world in terms of food and sources of cleaner energy. The identification of how such investments and policies can act on behalf of technological change and innovation for competitiveness is an important issue for researchers and for decision makers. This study was conducted within this logic, trying to advance the debate on evaluation/measurement of the innovativeness of innovation policies in research and development, adding to debate the conceptual framework of innovation systems. In order to harmonizing a framework for analysis of innovativeness on innovation policies for R&D that can be applied to cases of the Brazilian system of innovation in agriculture, this work has been carried out. This is a qualitative exploratory research, using a single case study (the formal model of international cooperation employed by Embrapa) embedded (two units of analysis, corresponding to patterns of international cooperation). Interviews were conducted with experts in international cooperation in the U.S., which evaluated the case under the model of Altshuler-Zegan, with criteria for the analysis of innovativeness (novelty, quality, impact and replicability) and the effect of innovativeness on the degree of success (results, expected x actual and unintended consequences, positive x negative). The study concluded that, observing some adjustments on management, through analytical tools to assess both the level of innovativeness and its effect on the success of innovation policies, it is possible to obtain parameters to realign and/or to develop innovation policies that meet the needs of challenging research and development of Brazilian agriculture towards competitiveness.

abstract: Universities have been increasingly engaged in international collaborations with peer institutions overseas. In recent years, Confucius Institutes have emerged as a new model of collaboration between American universities and Chinese universities. In an attempt to identify factors contributing to successful international university collaborations, this study used the case study method and focused on one Confucius Institute between MMU, an American University, and ZZU, a Chinese university, and intended to identify factors leading to the success of the MMU-ZZU Confucius Institute collaboration. The study investigated the MMU-ZZU Confucius Institute collaboration within the framework of the MMU-ZZU institutional partnership. Based on data collected from the institutional documents, interviews, site visits and news reports, this study examined the experiences and perceptions of the university's stakeholders involved in creating and sustaining this particular Confucius Institute, including stakeholders at the program level, at the college level, and at the institutional level both at MMU and ZZU. Using the glonacal agency heuristics framework, the MMU-ZZU Confucius Institute collaboration was a result of joint forces of stakeholders at the program level, at the college level, and at the institutional level from ZZU and MMU. Stakeholders, no matter what level they are and which institution they are affiliated with, had to navigate through the significant differences between them to develop synergy to be successful. Synergy, including vertical synergy developed among stakeholders within each institution and horizontal synergy developed among stakeholders between institutions, turned out to be critical to the success of the MMU-ZZU CI. The study concluded that synergy in leadership, organizational contexts, stakeholders' resources, and the synergy in the MMU-ZZU Confucius Institute collaboration and the MMU-ZZU institutional partnership, led to the success of the MMU-ZZU Confucius Institute collaboration. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Educational Leadership and Policy Studies 2012

A agricultura tem exercido papel de destaque nos grandes fóruns de discussão sobre o futuro das nações, por envolver questões estratégicas em nível mundial, como a busca por eficientes alternativas de energias renováveis, ou ainda, alternativas para mitigar os efeitos das mudanças climáticas globais. Neste contexto, a pesquisa e desenvolvimento (P&D) e a inovação, têm exercido função primordial, sobretudo nos países em desenvolvimento, para que estes possam se posicionar competitivamente como celeiros do mundo em termos de alimentação e fontes de energia mais limpa. A identificação de como investimentos e políticas podem agir em prol das mudanças tecnológicas e inovação para competitividade é uma questão importante tanto para pesquisadores como para tomadores de decisão. Este estudo foi realizado dentro desta lógica, tentando avançar no debate sobre avaliação/mensuração da inovatividade de políticas de inovação na pesquisa e desenvolvimento, agregando ao debate o quadro conceitual de sistemas de inovação. Com o objetivo de compatibilizar um quadro de análise sobre inovatividade em políticas de inovação para P&D que possa ser aplicado para casos do sistema brasileiro de inovação na agricultura, realizou-se este trabalho. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa com propósito exploratório, que utilizou como estratégia um estudo de caso único (o modelo formal de cooperação internacional empregado pela Embrapa) incorporado (duas unidades de análise, correspondentes a duas modalidades desta cooperação internacional). Foram realizadas entrevistas junto a especialistas em cooperação internacional nos EUA, os quais avaliaram o caso segundo o modelo de Altshuler-Zegan, com critérios para análise de inovatividade (novidade, qualidade, impacto e replicabilidade) e para o efeito desta inovatividade no grau de sucesso das mesmas (resultados esperados x reais e conseqüências imprevistas, positivas x negativas). O estudo permitiu concluir que, observando-se alguns ajustes na gestão, através de uma ferramenta analítica para se avaliar tanto o nível de inovatividade quanto o efeito da mesma no sucesso de políticas de inovação, é possível obterse parâmetros para realinhar e/ou elaborar políticas de inovação que atendam as necessidades desafiantes da pesquisa e desenvolvimento do agronegócio brasileiro rumo à competitividade. / Agriculture has played important role in the major debates on the future of nations. It involves strategic issues worldwide, as the search for efficient alternative energy sources, or alternatives to mitigate the effects of global climate change. In this context, research and development (R&D) and innovation have played a major role, especially in developing countries, so that they can make decisions competitively as storehouses of the world in terms of food and sources of cleaner energy. The identification of how such investments and policies can act on behalf of technological change and innovation for competitiveness is an important issue for researchers and for decision makers. This study was conducted within this logic, trying to advance the debate on evaluation/measurement of the innovativeness of innovation policies in research and development, adding to debate the conceptual framework of innovation systems. In order to harmonizing a framework for analysis of innovativeness on innovation policies for R&D that can be applied to cases of the Brazilian system of innovation in agriculture, this work has been carried out. This is a qualitative exploratory research, using a single case study (the formal model of international cooperation employed by Embrapa) embedded (two units of analysis, corresponding to patterns of international cooperation). Interviews were conducted with experts in international cooperation in the U.S., which evaluated the case under the model of Altshuler-Zegan, with criteria for the analysis of innovativeness (novelty, quality, impact and replicability) and the effect of innovativeness on the degree of success (results, expected x actual and unintended consequences, positive x negative). The study concluded that, observing some adjustments on management, through analytical tools to assess both the level of innovativeness and its effect on the success of innovation policies, it is possible to obtain parameters to realign and/or to develop innovation policies that meet the needs of challenging research and development of Brazilian agriculture towards competitiveness.

Orientador: Maria Conceição da Costa / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T14:03:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Domingues_AmandaAlmeida_M.pdf: 1163952 bytes, checksum: f636d538f605b3a10c278cce5ec336da (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Não há dúvidas de que a Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) é uma das principais agências brasileiras financiadoras da colaboração internacional. Considerando a importância que conquistou, é preciso compreender e explorar a forma como a FAPESP se ergueu e se sustentou como tal. Este trabalho pretende analisar as características da colaboração internacional em pesquisa da FAPESP e como elas são operacionalizadas internamente com o objetivo de compreender tanto os fatores domésticos e internacionais que levaram a instituição a destinar uma grande parcela de seus recursos à cooperação internacional atualmente, quanto a forma como as comunidades científicas paulista e brasileira são afetadas por este fenômeno. Em termos metodológicos, este trabalho consiste em um estudo exploratório descritivo que comporta uma fase de revisão e coleta de dados ¿ materiais institucionais e entrevistas com a Diretoria Científica ¿ e uma etapa de análise dos resultados obtidos por meio de métodos quali e quantitativos. À primeira vista, seria possível presumir que, assim como sua contraparte federal (o CNPq), a agência seguiria uma estratégia bem delineada de cooperação internacional, com propósitos e objetivos bem definidos e que parte desta estaria intimamente ligada a metas de interesse do governo estadual. Os resultados, no entanto, apontam para um cenário diferente. Umas das maiores financiadoras da colaboração internacional em ciência e tecnologia do país não possui uma área de relações internacionais institucionalizada e, portanto, as parcerias são estabelecidas de forma variantes, dependendo de uma série de conjunturas específicas. Ademais, o ciclo de negociação e implementação dos acordos internacionais é confiado à comunidade de pesquisa, o que fortalece a histórica autonomia da FAPESP em relação governo estadual / Abstract: There is no doubt that São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) is one of Brazil¿s main agencies in terms of funding international collaboration. Considering its current importance it is essential to understand and explore how FAPESP rose and held up as such. This dissertation discusses FAPESP¿s international collaboration characteristics and how they are internally operationalized. The objective is to understand the domestic and international factors which led the institution to allocate a large portion of its resources to international cooperation today, and how São Paulo and Brazilian scientific communities are affected by this phenomenon. In terms of methodology, this work is a descriptive exploratory study that includes a review and data collection ¿ from institutional materials and interviews ¿ phases as well as a result analysis conducted by qualitative and quantitative methods. One might assume that as its federal counterpart (CNPq) FAPESP would follow a well-designed strategy of international cooperation with clear aims and objectives closely linked to state goals. The results, however, show a different scenario. FAPESP does not have an institutionalized area of international relations and therefore partnerships are established in variants ways, depending on the situation. In addition, the international agreement negotiation and implementation phases are entrusted to the scientific community, which strengthens FAPESP¿s historical autonomy from state government / Mestrado / Politica Cientifica e Tecnologica / Mestra em Política Científica e Tecnológica

The purpose of this presentation is to describe the application of The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-Children and Youth Version (ICF-CY) (WHO, 2007) as a framework for international collaboration with the aim of translating an outcomes measure and to field test the clinical applicability and cultural validity thereof.

Pandemic influenza outbreaks have historically entailed significant societal and economic disruptions. Today, our quality of life is threatened by our inadequate preparedness for the imminent pandemic. The key challenges we are facing stem from a significant uncertainty in virus epidemiology, limited response resources, inadequate international collaboration, and the lack of appropriate science-based decision support tools. The existing literature falls short of comprehensive models for global pandemic spread and mitigation which incorporate the heterogeneity of the world regions and realistic travel networks. In addition, there exist virtually no studies which quantify the impact of resource sharing strategies among multiple countries. This dissertation presents three related models that contribute to filling the existing vacuum. The first model develops optimal capacity management strategies for multi-region pandemic surveillance. The second model estimates the pandemic propagation time from the onset to a likely pandemic export region, such as a major transportation hub. The model builds on a large-scale agent-based simulation and geographic information systems (GIS). The model is tested on a hypothetical outbreak in Mexico involving 155 regions and over 100 million people. The third model develops an empirical relationship to quantify the impact of various U.S. - Mexico antiviral sharing strategies under several pandemic detection and response scenarios.

La thèse analyse la question de la stabilité du système financier international dans son ensemble et plus précisément comment améliorer sa résilience. Chaque chapitre se focalise sur un type d'acteur dans ce système complexe, à savoir les banques, les organismes de supervision et les régulateurs internationaux. Le premier chapitre introduit de nouvelles techniques d'optimisation pour accélérer le calcul de mesure de risque dans les banques et les institutions financières. Il propose également une étude théorique pour valider les algorithmes d'optimisation proposés. Le second vise à quantifier l'externalité négative générée par les activités d'une banque ou d'une d'institution financière. Finalement, le dernier chapitre concerne la coopération entre régulateurs nationaux en présence de coûts de coordination en proposant une analyse qui s'appuie sur la théorie des jeux. / We first investigate the computational complexity for estimating quantile based risk measures, such as the widespread Value at Risk for banks and Solvency II capital requirements for insurance companies, via nested Monte Carlo simulations. The estimator is a conditional expectation type estimate where two stage simulations are required to evaluate the risk measure: an outer simulation is used to generate risk factor scenarios that govern price movements and an inner simulation is used to evaluate the future portfolio value based on each of those scenarios. The second essay considers the financial stability from a macro perspective. Measuring negative externalities of banks is a major challenge for financial regulators. We propose a new risk management approach to enhance the financial stability and to increase the fairness of financial transactions. The basic idea is that a bank should assume as much risk as it creates. Any imbalance in the tails of the distribution of profit and losses is a sign of the bank's failure to internalize its externalities or the social costs associated with its activities. The aim of the third essay is to find a theoretical justification toward the mutual benefits for members of a bonking union in the context of a strategic interaction model. We use a unique contagion dynamic that marries the rich literature of game theory, contagion in pandemic crisis and the study of collaboration between regulators. The model is focused toward regulating asset classes, not individual banks. This special design addresses moral hazard issues that could result from government intervention in the case of crisis.