This study aimed to explore and describe burnout from the perspectives of VLCs who struggled with this phenomenon at some stage during their work as VLCs. Phenomenology provided the epistemological framework and a qualitative research approach was used. Five in-depth interviews were conducted with five participants who are VLCs. The data was analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The participants’ stories were reconstructed as themes. A systematic analysis of the narratives was conducted and then linked to relevant literature. This study created an understanding of the complexity of burnout as it relates to VLCs. The themes highlighted the importance of exploring the experiences of VLCs and giving voice to their stories. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Psychology / unrestricted

The roads between Bloubergstrand and Cape Town are very congested during peak periods. The R27-freeway carries more than 80 000 vehicles per day. There is a one possible solution and that is that another form of transport be created in order to facilitate public transport. The Hovercraft ferry service is a feasible alternative to solving the traffic problems. The Hovercraft Ferry Service would be a new ocean-bound transit system. It will serve the daily Tableview and Bloubergstrand commuters, linking Big Bay and the Mandela Gateway Terminal at the V&A Waterfront. The hovercraft ferry would successfully compete with the motorcar by providing safe, secure, comfortable, fast, reliable and predictable services. The ferry has to fill a specific gap in the holistic transport network of the area and it will assist in improving the image of public transport in South Africa as a viable attractive alternative to the motorcar. Apart from the convenience, and cost savings, Hovercape will provide a pivotal stimulus for economic and social development, as well as educating the local public on the history and importance of the area, in particular the Blaauwberg Conservation Area The client, Hovercape, would use ferries of 25m long and 11m wide, which can carry 140 people. It is proposed that the hovercrafts be used during off-peak times to carry tourists when not in use by the commuters. Robben Island is literally a stone's throw from Big Bay. at the Nelson Mandela Gateway Terminal, where the new inner city public transport route would operate from. The roads between Bloubergstrand and Cape Town are very congested during peak periods. The R27-freeway carries more than 80 000 vehicles per day. There is a one possible solution and that is that another form of transport be created in order to facilitate public transport. The Hovercraft ferry service is a feasible alternative to solving the traffic problems. The Terminal's location is in Big Bay, between Tableview and Bloubergstrand. It would consist of the Hovercraft Terminal as well as the Interpretative Centre under within the same building. The distance between Big Bay and Cape Town is 21.5km and would be covered within 25 minutes by hovercraft, and each terminal would be served by park and ride facilities. The client for this Interpretative Centre and Hovercraft Terminal is Hovercape Ferry Services. This "new" service is to be implemented as soon as possible since there is a great demand and need for an additional form of public transport. Capetonians have complained time and time again of the traffic congestion problem, particularly between Bloubergstrand and the city centre. The same has occurred between Johannesburg and Pretoria, where the development of the Gautrain Service between these two major cities is considered. / Dissertation (MArch (Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2004. / Architecture / unrestricted

Contemporary definitions of human listening suggest that it is a multi-dimensional phenomenon. Short-term and interpretative listening may be viewed as important aspects of the listening process. However, research in time-compressed speech has focused on listening comprehension while not adequately treating other important types of listening. A broader view of the listening process would include all of the skills considered relevant to everyday human communication. This study examined the effect of time-compressed speech on comprehensive, interpretative and short-term listening. The Kentucky Comprehensive Listening Test was used to measure the three types of listening. Cut and splice tape editing was employed in the development of four master test tapes: a control tape presented at normal rate and tapes with test stimuli time-compressed by 30%, 45%, and 60%. Each of four randomly selected groups, 120 total subjects, was exposed to one of the four test tapes. The data from the test administrations was analyzed by analysis-of-variance and simple means tests. Results indicate that a statistically significant amount of the variance in comprehensive, interpretative and short-term listening scores may be explained by the manipulated variable, time-compression. However, the amount of variance-accounted-for is relatively low for both short-term and interpretative listening. Closer examination of the data indicates that short-term and interpretative listening test scores do not significantly decay until a high level of time-compression (60%) is reached. Conversely, in the case of comprehensive listening, a relatively linear relation exists between degree of time-compression and test scores. Significant drops in mean scores were found at more moderate levels of time-compression. The findings are discussed in light of differences between short-term and long-term memory. Comprehensive listening, which relies upon long-term memory, may suffer from a lack of adequate processing and encoding time which may be induced by time-compression. Short-term and Interpretative listening are processes which rely primarily on short-term memory and may not be adversely affected until a level of time-compression is reached which impairs intelligibility. Implications are noted for future research and for educational applications.

Within the last twenty years, the number of undergraduate-age Nigerian immigrants to the United States has substantially increased. Most young Nigerian immigrants moved to the United States for better educational opportunities for themselves. The United States is viewed as the land of opportunity for young Nigerian immigrants because of the numerous options available in American universities. However, the reality of life as an immigrant especially for young Nigerian adults is often a challenging experience. Young Nigerian immigrant students face a lot of adversity because they have to deal with issues such as a new school environment, a foreign culture and living arrangements that might entail living with extended family members; challenges they are often not prepared to deal with and which ultimately format the direction of their lives. This Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) study explored the conflict experiences of 5 Nigerian women who lived with extended family while attending college at the undergraduate level 15-20 years ago and the impact this experience had on their identity formation and future aspirations. Guided by IPA, the central research question shaping this study was: How did undergraduate Nigerian immigrants (who came to the United States 15-20 years ago,) make sense of their intra-extended family conflict experience? With the use of in vivo coding, exploratory comments and extensive, cross-analysis of the participants’ responses, six key themes emerged: (1) Welcome Season, (2) Challenging situations, (3) Irrelevance, (4) Therapy & Motivated, (5) Impacts, and (6) Self-Reflection. By conducting this research, the intent is that the findings from this study will create more awareness and initiate dialogue on this topic to educate and inform relevant stakeholders.

Entrepreneurs develop new technology ventures in uncertain conditions with unproven technologies and limited resources. The majority of such ventures fail, yet entrepreneurship is regarded as a national (and regional) engine for economic growth. This thesis aims to examine entrepreneurs’ attitudes to failure in order to reveal insight on how entrepreneurs learn and how they identify subsequent opportunities, and investigate possible regional differences in such attitudes and entrepreneurial responses. There is much literature on entrepreneurial failure but relatively little that is focused on attitudes to failure, the high-technology industry, or international comparisons. This thesis examines how entrepreneurs’ attitudes to failure in early-stage technology companies differ in the USA (Silicon Valley), UK (Cambridge) and Germany (Munich), and implications for entrepreneurial learning and opportunity identification in these regions. Interviews with habitual entrepreneurs explore their experiences of failed ventures, using a methodology from qualitative psychology - Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) - for the gathering and analysis of data to reveal emergent trends. This analysis is then used to compare attitudes to failure within and between each region, and a preliminary conceptual framework is proposed for analyzing future experiences of entrepreneurial failure. Findings from this idiographic study suggest that although each entrepreneur’s experience of and attitudes to failure is unique, there are more commonalities than differences between regions. Furthermore, these findings reveal the importance of the use of language and narrative in the analysis of such accounts. In addition, the results allow reflection on the appropriateness and limitations of methodologies such as IPA for this subject. This thesis contributes to theory by examining ‘effectuation’ as a way to understand these experiences, and discussing the impact of findings in relation to attribution theory, prospect theory and real-options theory. This thesis contributes to practice by augmenting existing knowledge of entrepreneurial failure through the comparative (regional) approach and the industry-specific (high-technology) focus. It may also improve the preparedness of new practitioners and entrepreneurs, with positive implications for future entrepreneurial success.

No description available.

People convicted of sexual offences are arguably one of the most marginalized criminal offender groups because both the general population and offender populations tend to have hardened views of these individuals (Spencer, 2009; Wilson & Prinzo, 2001). Circles of Support and Accountability Ottawa (CoSA-Ottawa) is an organization that helps people convicted of sexual offences reintegrate into society by challenging traditional forms of community reintegration. CoSA-Ottawa was founded on the principles of restorative justice, which are exemplified in their mottos “no more victims” and “no one is disposable.” The organization relies on the commitment and contribution of volunteers to assist with the reintegration process. While there have been various studies on CoSA from different perspectives (Duwe, 2012; Fox, 2014; Wilson, Picheca, and Prinzo, 2007; Wilson & Prinzo, 2001), there have been few studies directly focusing on CoSA-Ottawa volunteers through a critical lens. This study examines the subjective experiences of CoSA-Ottawa volunteers who work with people labeled as ‘sex offenders.’ The research was conducted using semi-structured interviews with six participants. Each interview transcript was transcribed and analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. The master themes that developed through this study include: the humanization of the monstrous, the reintegration and re-socialization through a helping relationship, and overall impacts of these relationships on CoSA-Ottawa volunteers. Using a governmentality and power conceptual framework, this thesis demonstrates how the relationships between the core members and volunteers are transformative and act as an extension of the carceral system. Further, this thesis illustrates that the supportive function of these relationships is explicit, while their governing function is implicit.

Background: The aim of this study was to explore the experience and sense making oftherapists working with clients who present with a PTSD diagnosis. The study engaged with therapists experience and understanding of predisposing factors to PTSD and how they incorporate this understanding into the therapy process. Further to this the experience of the therapists understanding of the influence of predisposing factors on the expression of PTSD was explored. Literature Review: A literature review is presented identifying core research relating to PTSD, predisposing factors to the development of PTSD and the treatments used when working with PTSD as a presenting issue. Methodology: To address the aims of the study 9 therapist participants were interviewed. Semi-structured, one to one, in-depth interviews were utilised to elicit participant’s experience of the issues outlined within the aims. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to identify re-current themes across the interviews and analyse the data, which emerged. Findings: The main findings present thirteen sub-ordinate themes that reflect the essence of the participant’s experience of the phenomenon under investigation. These were based around eight Super-ordinate (master) themes of Previous history, Therapy relationship, Psychoeducation and Normalisation, Identity, Culture, Attachment, Presenting Therapy Themes, and Support Systems. Discussion and Conclusion: The study identified the participant’s experience of predisposing factors on the expression of PTSD. There was consensus from the participant’s in relation to the significant impact of client’s previous life experience on their expression of PTSD. The participants further identified that the client’s previous life experience influenced their formulation and treatment of PTSD. Significant issues that were described by all of the participants regardless of their theoretical or therapeutic perspective were (1) the central importance of the therapeutic relationship, (without a strong, trusting and safe relationship the participants would not engage the therapy work), (2) the importance of in-depth history taking (identification of previous life experience and its impact on the current response to the trauma), (3) the impact of previous trauma(s), and (4) the impact of support systems, environment and identity. These issues are discussed alongside the existing literature around this topic. Additionally, suggestions for future directions of research and recommendations for practice are presented.

Lendas Capixabas (2000) para violão solo, do compositor brasileiro Carlos Cruz (1936-2011), é constituída por três movimentos que representam lendas do estado do Espírito Santo: Juparanã, O Frade e a Freira e Itabira. Esta obra apresenta, por vezes, uma escrita não idiomática para o instrumento, dado que Cruz não tocava violão. Com vistas à resolução dessas passagens e das inconsistências presentes na única edição da obra, objetivamos a elaboração de uma edição críticointerpretativa de Lendas Capixabas, o que se deu a partir da comparação entre fontes, da resolução das passagens não idiomáticas e da proposição de digitações. Para tal, identificamos os manuscritos dessa obra no acervo de partituras do compositor, realizamos uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre edições musicais, entrevistamos os intérpretes da obra e coletamos proposições de outros violonistas em alguns excertos da obra. Como resultado, elaboramos uma edição críticointerpretativa embasada por todos os parâmetros supracitados. / Lendas Capixabas (2000) for solo guitar, by Brazilian composer Carlos Cruz (1936-2011), consists of three movements that represent legends from the state of Espírito Santo: Juparanã, O Frade e a Freira and Itabira. This work presents sometimes a non-idiomatic writing for the instrument, since Cruz did not play the guitar. In order to solve these passages and the inconsistencies of the only edition of this work, we aimed the development of a critical-interpretative edition of Lendas Capixabas, from the comparison between sources, the resolution of non-idiomatic passages and the fingering proposition. Moreover, to do this, we have identified the manuscripts in the composer's scores collection, conducted a bibliographical research on musical editions, interviewed performers who have performed the work, and collected other guitarists’ proposals in some excerpts of the work. As a result, we developed a critical-interpretative edition grounded on all the aforementioned parameters.

O presente trabalho fornece ferramentas técnico-interpretativas para a construção de uma performance da suíte Imágenes para violão do compositor argentino Carlos Aguirre. Através de uma análise estrutural das obras que compõem essa suíte e sua relação com os gêneros da música popular em que se baseiam, assim como dados biográficos e estilísticos do compositor e suas obras para violão, apresentamos material para uma maior compreensão das peças. Na segunda parte do trabalho, expomos sugestões de digitação de mão direita e mão esquerda como alternativas às indicadas na edição. Versões gravadas pelo compositor com outros instrumentos de duas peças dessa suíte foram analisadas como fonte para ideias interpretativas no violão. Para a resolução das dificuldades técnicas presentes em Imágenes, propõem-se exercícios embasados principalmente no conceito de versão zero de Fernández (2000). / This work offers interpretative and technical tools for the construction of a performance of the suite Imágenes for guitar, by the Argentinian composer Carlos Aguirre. Through a structural analysis of the pieces that form the suite and its relation with other genders of folk music on which they are based, as well as biographic and stylistic information of the composer and his works for guitar, we present relevant material for a better comprehension of these pieces. In the second section of this work, we present fingering suggestions for both hands as alternatives to those indicated in the original edition. Versions recorded by the composer with other instruments of two pieces of the suite were analyzed as sources for interpretative ideas for the guitar. To resolve technical difficulties in Imágenes, we propose exercises, mainly based on Fernández’ (2000) concept of version zero.