The vestibular system senses head motion and facilitates gaze stabilization, allowing for clear vision during movement. The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) causes the eyes to move opposite head motion, thus maintaining focus on a target. Consequently, uncompensated loss of vestibular function leads to reduced VOR function resulting in dizziness, nausea, and visual disturbance. Different testing methods have been developed to measure VOR loss. These tests generally require bulky, expensive equipment, and must be performed by a trained examiner. A newly developed digital form of the dynamic visual acuity (DVA) test requires less equipment, is cost-effective, and may be performed at home making it more accessible. The purpose of this study was to determine the validity and test-retest reliability of the digital DVA test and provide normative data for healthy adults. Fifteen adults – 10 female and 5 male (mean age = 22.0 ± 3.1, range: 19-31 years) – completed the study. Exclusion criteria included age older than 49 years, history of vestibular or neurological disorders, and history of significant head injury. Subjects were screened for normal vestibular function using video head impulse testing. The study consisted of two visits, 3-15 days apart. Participants underwent DVA testing with both the validated NeuroCom (InVision software) system and newly developed digital DVA during the initial visit and the digital DVA during the second visit. The digital DVA system consists of a laptop computer paired with a head/eye tracker (Tobii Eye Tracker 5) and Health in Motion software (Blue Marble Health Company). Outcome measures of interest were the difference between static and dynamic visual acuity measured in LogMAR (DVA loss) for rightward and leftward head movement. Pearson Product-Moment bivariate correlations were used to determine validity of the digital DVA outcomes compared to NeuroCom outcomes. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated to determine test-retest reliability of the digital DVA. Pearson correlation coefficients for validity were r = 0.025 and r = -0.015 for left and right DVA loss, respectively. ICCs for test-retest reliability were r = 0.366 and r = 0.313 for left and right DVA loss, respectively. Mean values across both sessions for left and right DVA loss measured by digital DVA were 0.26 ± 0.13 and 0.26 ± 0.11, respectively. Correlations between the digital DVA and standard computerized DVA were poor indicating the need for further development of the current digital system/software. Test-retest reliability for the digital DVA system in its current state was also poor. Tobii sensor used in the software is limited by a 200 ms delay in reporting head motion to the software. Future development of a digital DVA may need to consider other sensors. The current digital DVA will not replace the computerized system; however, it may provide important information for clinicians who do not have access to computerized DVA.

The purpose of this study was to examine the methods that social workers and other professionals use in their work with children and youth with ADHD and behavioural problems. Seven professionals from different practices and backgrounds where interviewed about their methods and their understanding of the underlying psychosocial mechanisms of behavioural problems in children and youth with ADHD. Results showed a wide variety of methods used across the field. Interviewees pointed out the importance of flexible and individually adaptable approaches and methods, including forms of cognitive training but also pharmacological aspects. Interviewees agreed on most points regarding the underlying psychosocial mechanisms revolving around childrens academic and social difficulties and processes of negative identity-shaping. The findings indicate that time of diagnosis and parent’s and teacher’s understanding of ADHD plays an important role in the development of behavioural problems, and that a variety of different methodological approaches to intervention seem to have good results. / Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka vilka metoder socialarbetare och andra professionella använder sig av i arbetet med barn och ungdomar med ADHD och problemskapande beteenden. Sju professionella med olika bakgrund intervjuades kring sina metoder och sin förståelse av de psykosociala mekanismerna som finns latenta och driver fram utvecklingen av problemskapande beteende hos barn och ungdomar med ADHD. Resultaten visade att variationen mellan olika arbetsmetoder är stor. Bland annat förekom olika former av kognitiv träning och medicinering. De flesta intervjupersoner påpekade vikten av ett flexibelt och individanpassat angreppssätt. Det rådde ett stort samförstånd mellan intervjupersonerna angående de psykosociala mekanismerna, där de flesta förklaringar kretsade kring barnens akademiska och sociala svårigheter, och processer av negativt identitetsskapande. Studiens slutsatser var att tidpunkten för diagnostisering och föräldrars och lärares förståelse av ADHD spelar en viktig roll i utvecklandet av problemskapande beteenden, och att en mångfald av olika ansatser till intervention har god effekt.

Controversy still exists among researchers with regard to the most effective intervention methods and the success thereof regarding DCD children. This condition is known to have different underlying causes, which can influence the success of intervention programmes. It is indicated in the literature that intervention of motor difficulties early in the life of the child, can improve motor development and academic achievement and thus contribute to the total wellness of these children. The aims of this study was, firstly, to determine the effect of an intervention programme based on an integrated approach, on 9 to 12 year old farm labourer children with DCD. The data was analyzed by means of descriptive statistics, t-testing as well as effect sizes to determine practical significance. A second aim was to determine the relation between underlying sensory-neurological problems and the measure of success reached with the intervention programme. This data was mainly analysed with descriptive statistics and in a qualitative manner. The third aim was to determine the relation between fine motor manipulation skills and behaviour characteristics as assessed by the teacher and the measure of success reached with an intervention programme. This data was also analysed by means of descriptive data and in a qualitative manner. The sample of the investigation, on a farm in the North-West Province, consists of children of farm workers between the ages of 4 and 12 years (n = 36) who were evaluated according to the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC) test (Henderson & Sugden, 1992) to determine their DCD status. Eight children (5 girls and 3 boys) were classified with DCD. One girl was identified in the 9 to 10 year old group, and 5 boys and 2 girls (n = 7) were in the 1 l to 12 year old group. These children were also evaluated on the "Sensory-Neurological Screening test" (Auxter et al., 2001), the ''Qwck Neurological Screening test" (Mutti et al., 1978), and the "Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor proficiency" (Bruininks, 1978) in order to determine the possible underlying causes of their problems on which the content of the intervention programme was based. The MABC Checklist (Henderson & Sugden, 1992) was used to determine the children's fine motor manipulation skills as well as their behaviour characteristics as assessed by their teachers. The children were tested eight weeks prior to (PREI), and again just before the programme started (PRE2) in order to determine the effect of maturation. Immediately after the intervention programme of 8 weeks, twice a week for 45 minutes was completed, they were tested (POSTI) to determine the effect of the programme, and two months (RTI) and nine months (RT2) later they were re-tested to determine the long term effect of the programme. The intervention programme consists of perceptual-motor, sensory integration and task-specific components. With regard to the first aim of the study, the results indicated that the intervention programme had a positive effect on two of the children, while no effect was noticed on the problems of one, and three of them regressed. The results indicated that with a little modification the intervention programme, based on an integration approach, could have a better effect. The results indicated that each child has different needs, and that the underlying problems might be a reason why the children reacted differently to intervention. However, fine motor manipulation skills increased on the short term, while balance skills showed a long term effect. Further research to determine the reasons of a child's problems, is recommended in order to establish the best method of intervention. With reference to the second and third aim of the study, the comparison of the children who improved (n = 2) with those who regressed (n = 3), indicated that those who regressed after the intervention programme, had more complex underlying sensory-neurological conditions. They also experienced more problems regarding fine motor manipulation skills as well as behaviour. They also showed poor bilateral integration, which was not the case with the other children. Further research concerning the role that bilateral co-ordination plays in DCD is recommended. From the results of this study, it is also recommended that intervention programmes should be conducted on an individual basis in order to assure that the focus is on the child's specific problems, and to ensure that the intervention has a positive effect. Proper assessment of underlying causes must be done in conjunction with the MABC testing, because this will help to determine the method that is selected for intervention. / Thesis (M.A. (Human Movement Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

Controversy still exists among researchers with regard to the most effective intervention methods and the success thereof regarding DCD children. This condition is known to have different underlying causes, which can influence the success of intervention programmes. It is indicated in the literature that intervention of motor difficulties early in the life of the child, can improve motor development and academic achievement and thus contribute to the total wellness of these children. The aims of this study was, firstly, to determine the effect of an intervention programme based on an integrated approach, on 9 to 12 year old farm labourer children with DCD. The data was analyzed by means of descriptive statistics, t-testing as well as effect sizes to determine practical significance. A second aim was to determine the relation between underlying sensory-neurological problems and the measure of success reached with the intervention programme. This data was mainly analysed with descriptive statistics and in a qualitative manner. The third aim was to determine the relation between fine motor manipulation skills and behaviour characteristics as assessed by the teacher and the measure of success reached with an intervention programme. This data was also analysed by means of descriptive data and in a qualitative manner. The sample of the investigation, on a farm in the North-West Province, consists of children of farm workers between the ages of 4 and 12 years (n = 36) who were evaluated according to the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC) test (Henderson & Sugden, 1992) to determine their DCD status. Eight children (5 girls and 3 boys) were classified with DCD. One girl was identified in the 9 to 10 year old group, and 5 boys and 2 girls (n = 7) were in the 1 l to 12 year old group. These children were also evaluated on the "Sensory-Neurological Screening test" (Auxter et al., 2001), the ''Qwck Neurological Screening test" (Mutti et al., 1978), and the "Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor proficiency" (Bruininks, 1978) in order to determine the possible underlying causes of their problems on which the content of the intervention programme was based. The MABC Checklist (Henderson & Sugden, 1992) was used to determine the children's fine motor manipulation skills as well as their behaviour characteristics as assessed by their teachers. The children were tested eight weeks prior to (PREI), and again just before the programme started (PRE2) in order to determine the effect of maturation. Immediately after the intervention programme of 8 weeks, twice a week for 45 minutes was completed, they were tested (POSTI) to determine the effect of the programme, and two months (RTI) and nine months (RT2) later they were re-tested to determine the long term effect of the programme. The intervention programme consists of perceptual-motor, sensory integration and task-specific components. With regard to the first aim of the study, the results indicated that the intervention programme had a positive effect on two of the children, while no effect was noticed on the problems of one, and three of them regressed. The results indicated that with a little modification the intervention programme, based on an integration approach, could have a better effect. The results indicated that each child has different needs, and that the underlying problems might be a reason why the children reacted differently to intervention. However, fine motor manipulation skills increased on the short term, while balance skills showed a long term effect. Further research to determine the reasons of a child's problems, is recommended in order to establish the best method of intervention. With reference to the second and third aim of the study, the comparison of the children who improved (n = 2) with those who regressed (n = 3), indicated that those who regressed after the intervention programme, had more complex underlying sensory-neurological conditions. They also experienced more problems regarding fine motor manipulation skills as well as behaviour. They also showed poor bilateral integration, which was not the case with the other children. Further research concerning the role that bilateral co-ordination plays in DCD is recommended. From the results of this study, it is also recommended that intervention programmes should be conducted on an individual basis in order to assure that the focus is on the child's specific problems, and to ensure that the intervention has a positive effect. Proper assessment of underlying causes must be done in conjunction with the MABC testing, because this will help to determine the method that is selected for intervention. / Thesis (M.A. (Human Movement Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

The topic of my diploma thesis is: ?The Questions of the Care of Patients before and after the Intervention for Ventricular Fibrillation ?. The diploma thesis defines three objectives. The first objective finds out the information level of patients about nursing care before and after the intervention for ventricular fibrillation. The second objective was to find out the most frequent problems in connection with the intervention for ventricular fibrillation. The third objective aims at surveying the requirements for the nursing care in connection with the intervention for ventricular fibrillation. To conduct my research I defined 4 questions along with these objectives: Are patients informed about nursing care before and after the intervention for ventricular fibrillation? In which way do nurses inform patients about nursing care before and after the intervention for ventricular fibrillation? How do nurses assess the cooperation with patients before and after the intervention for ventricular fibrillation? In which fields are patients most limited after the intervention for ventricular fibrillation? To fulfil the objectives of the diploma thesis I chose the quantitative research survey. The collection of data was conducted by the interview technique. These interviews constituted the basis for the chart of ideas in the X-mind programme. The research questions that were defined for the research survey yielded these conclusions: The information on the regime before the radiofrequency ablation for fibrillation of chambers is insufficient for the patients. The information on the regime after the radiofrequency ablation for ventricular fibrillation is insufficient for the patients. Nurses inform patients about the nursing care before the performance based on nursing standards. The largest problem encountered by patients after the radiofrequency ablation for ventricular fibrillation is bowel movement. Patients before the radiofrequency ablation for ventricular fibrillation worry because of lack of information about the performance. The patients before the radiofrequency ablation for ventricular fibrillation cooperate with the nursing staffs. The patients after the radiofrequency ablation for ventricular fibrillation cooperate with the nursing staffs.

No description available.

In this research I have focused on beneficiary and service providers' perceptions toward Arab social obstacles to help-seeking, appropriate intervention methods and obstacles to reintegration into the community after seeking assistance. Through semi-structured interviews and content analysis of local policies, laws and specific service offerings, I sought to contribute to the limited literature that explores how formal institutions that originate from a Western context are adapted to meet the unique needs of Arab victims of domestic violence. I found that the main social obstacles to help-seeking were attributed to a dearth of knowledge about existing services, a lack of confidence in formal institutions such as non-governmental and government agencies, a fear of rejection or punishment from their families and communities, concerns about laws that might increase a woman's vulnerability and limited economic resources.

Substance use disorder (SUD) is a disease that continues to affect the lives of millions of Americans. Access to adequate treatment also continues to be a challenge for many of those suffering from substance use disorder. To better understand the barriers to treatment as well as the social challenges people face in seeking care for their substance use, we designed an observational study to capture demographic data, perceptions of stigma, and self esteem levels at a medication assisted treatment (MAT) facility in Northeast Tennessee. A robust survey was administered to patients at the MAT facility to quantify and analyze these metrics. Results from the survey showed when it came to stigma, respondents felt the highest level of internalized stigma compared to the other two types of measured stigma (enacted and anticipated). This was still the case even after stratifying based on gender. Regarding self esteem, survey results showed that as a whole, most respondents were within the normal range for self esteem, however, differences were appreciated when the data was categorized based on age. Finally, some of the most common reasons respondents selected for not seeking treatment previously were the thought that the problem could be handled alone, the lack of health insurance, and the fact that they were not ready to quit. A greater understanding of these issues is crucial for providers to better serve their patient population and tailor their services to the pertinent issues of the area.

Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to investigate how physical activity (PA) can be effectively promoted in cancer survivors. The effect of PA-promoting interventions in general, behavior change techniques (BCTs), and further variables as moderators in particular are evaluated. Methods: This study included randomized controlled trials of lifestyle interventions aiming at an increase in PA that can be carried out independently at home, published by December 2016, for adults diagnosed with cancer after completion of the main treatment. Primary outcomes were subjective and objective measures of PA prior to and immediately after the intervention. Meta-analysis and meta-regression were used to estimate effect sizes (ES) in terms of standardized mean differences, variation between ES in terms of heterogeneity indices (I2), and moderator effects in terms of regression coefficients. Results: This study included 30 studies containing 45 ES with an overall significant small positive effect size of 0.28 (95% confidence interval=0.18–0.37) on PA, and I2=54.29%. The BCTs Prompts, Reduce prompts, Graded tasks, Non-specific reward, and Social reward were significantly related to larger effects, while Information about health consequences and Information about emotional consequences, as well as Social comparison were related to smaller ES. The number of BCTs per intervention did not predict PA effects. Interventions based on the Theory of Planned Behavior were associated with smaller ES, and interventions with a home-based setting component were associated with larger ES. Neither the duration of the intervention nor the methodological quality explained differences in ES. Conclusion: Certain BCTs were associated with an increase of PA in cancer survivors. Interventions relying on BCTs congruent with (social) learning theory such as using prompts and rewards could be especially successful in this target group. However, large parts of between-study heterogeneity in ES remained unexplained. Further primary studies should directly compare specific BCTs and their combinations.

Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-04T12:42:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010 / O campo da saúde do trabalhador, novo paradigma para a assistência integral e promoção da saúde no trabalho, desenvolveu, em suas concepções teóricas, princípios direcionados à equipe de atenção multiprofissional. Intervenções interdisciplinares e abordagens multifacetadas também contemplam as interfaces do mundo do trabalho numa perspectiva intersetorial, com abrangência de negociação e transformação das condições de trabalho pela interlocução e construção coletiva dos trabalhadores. Partindo-se desses princípios, pode-se inferir que as prescrições práticas para os espaços de intervenção e atenção para a saúde do trabalhador no trabalho hospitalar podem ser constituídas, construídas e consolidadas. A pesquisa desenvolvida foi de cunho descritivo, exploratório e qualitativo, com elaboração e aplicação de metodologias integradas de avaliação,no formato de estudos de caso em hospitais públicos do município do Rio de Janeiro de duas instituições de pesquisa, ensino e serviços. Identificamos que as normas do paradigma que antecede ao campo da saúde do trabalhador influenciam e ainda mantêm contornos pautados nas categorias de fatores de riscos e pronto-atendimento para acidentes de trabalho e agravos à saúde.Há carência de integração interdisciplinar e de investigação das condições de trabalho. As práticas em serviços de saúde do trabalhador requerem formulações e prescrições com interdisciplinaridade, metodologias de investigação e métodos de intervenção com projeto e planejamento integrados. Tais ações devem se pautar na construção coletiva e institucional, nas políticas públicas de saúde, trabalho e meio ambiente - e sua essência deve focar a promoção da saúde do trabalhador. / The field of health and work, new paradigm for the comprehensive care and health promotion at work, developed in their theoretical concepts, principles aimed at the multidisciplinary care team. Speakers interdisciplinary and multifaceted approaches also include the interfaces in the world of work in a cross-sectoral perspective, with scope for negotiation and transformation of working conditions for dialogue and collective construction workers. Based on these principles, we can infer that the practical requirements for areas of intervention and care for the health of the worker in hospitals can be established, built and consolidated. The survey was developed a descriptive, exploratory and qualitative, with development and implementation of integrated assessment methodologies, in the form of case studies in public hospitals in Rio de Janeiro two research institutions, education and services. We found that the rules of the paradigm that precedes the field of health and work and influence still have lined outlines the categories of risk factors and emergency care for accidents and health problems. There is a lack of interdisciplinary integration of research and working conditions. Practices in health care worker require formulations and prescriptions with interdisciplinary, investigation methodologies, methods of intervention with design and integrates planning. Such actions must be guided in collective and institutional policies in public health, work and the environment - and its essence should focus on the promotion of workers health.