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Objective: To determine the variance in percent body fat between and within families as measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Methods: Percent body fat (%BF) assessed in 95 females, 120 males (included 54 sets of biological siblings) using DXA. Physical activity questionnaire used to assess current physical activity habits in each participant. Results: Variance in %BF between and within families is similar. Amount of television viewing and levels of physical activity can affect %BF. Discussion: A model such as the one derived in this study can be a useful tool in intervention programs implemented to decrease obesity.

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Nearly one-third of all pediatric oncology patients die from their disease, so nurses need to have an evidence-based standard of practice to guide their role in end-of-life decision-making. The purpose of this integrative review is to analyze current research on end-of-life decision-making within pediatric oncology to create a practice guideline for nurses working with this patient population. Eleven studies were examined to identify nursing interventions regarding the role of the nurse in end-of-life care, the role of the nurse in end-of-life decision-making, parent involvement in end-of-life decision-making, and child involvement in end-of-life decision-making, including the child's ability to participate in end-of-life decision-making. Based on the findings, the researcher identified several interventions that can be used by nurses to facilitate end-of-life discussion and decision-making that includes both parent and, when appropriate, the child.

Background: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of neuro-developmental disorders that are characterized by impaired social interaction, communication, and restricted or repetitive behavior. Children with an ASD also display significant sensory experiences due to sensory disintegration. This integrative review of literature examines the sensory experiences of children with an ASD and determines nursing interventions that will enable them to better cope within the hospital setting. Method: an extensive search of databases and current literature on sensory experiences of children with an ASD and interventions that facilitate coping. Results: Children with an ASD experience a wide range of sensitivity and defensiveness toward stimuli that differs on an individual basis. There is no current research that reflects nursing interventions for children with an ASD, therefore interventions from other heath care occupations were examined and applied to nursing. Conclusion: Further research is needed to better understand sensory defensiveness and research is needed in the area of nursing interventions to enable the best nursing care of children with an ASD.

Vårdtagare med demenssjukdom uppvisar ofta beteendemässiga och psykiska symptom vid demens, (BPSD).Syftet med denna studie var att utforska litteratur om sjuksköterskans omvårdnadsåtgärder vid BPSD. Vilka omvårdnadsåtgärder kan sjuksköterskan använda sig av och vilka omvårdnadsåtgärder har mest effekt vid BPSD? Det material som användes var elva vetenskapligt granskade studier som var inriktade på vårdtagare med olika beteendemässiga och psykiska symptom vid demens (BPSD). Kvalitetsgranskning gjordes med hjälp av kvantitativ och kvalitativ granskningsmall. Resultatet delades in i Sociala åtgärder, Musik som åtgärd, Aromaterapi och Beröring som åtgärder, samt Hygienåtgärder. Alla dessa omvårdnadsåtgärder var mer eller mindre effektiva vid BPSD. / Residents with dementia often exhibit behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). The purpose of this study was to explore the literature on nursing interventions in BPSD. Which nursing interventions can the nurse apply and which interventions have the highest efficiency in BPSD? The material used was eleven peer reviewed intervention studies that were focused on residents with various behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). Quality control was done using quantitative and qualitative analysis mould. The results were divided into Social interventions, Music as an intervention, Aromatherapy and Touch as interventions as well as Hygiene interventions. All of these nursing interventions were more or less effective in BPSD.

The aim of the present study was to develop and empirically evaluate different categories of instructional activities, which stimulate the generation and construction of knowledge on the part of an individual student. These generative activities are primed by prompts or scaffolds, which can easily be inserted into specific curriculum addressing any domain of knowledge. To assess the manner in which the knowledge construction interventions influence the learning outcomes from computerized information systems, we have developed an online computer-based information system that describes the functions and mechanisms associated with the bus system of the US army Abrams M1A2 tank. Seven versions of this interactive instructional computer system were developed for this research; the type of prompt was manipulated among the seven experimental conditions. The seven experimental conditions were control, sentence completion, sentence generation, system provided questions, self-generated questions and answers, system provided advanced organizers, and generated advanced organizers. The results from this study provided strong evidence that the integration of knowledge construction interventions within the curriculum material have improved understanding of the curriculum content and reasoning about such content over and above the mere presentation and study of the curriculum. The research also delineated a practical way on how to incorporate and operationally integrate the knowledge construction interventions within computer-based information systems.