Although social research on sexuality is growing in Latin America, studies into tolerance are scarce. The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between queer male practices and tolerance amongst a group of gay, bisexual and travesti men in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. To explore this issue 83 men were interviewed and ethnographic research was carried out with the gay rights organisation Arco-Íris and AIDS organisation ABIA. Whilst current literature generally positions the queer community as requiring tolerance from an intolerant society, this study suggests that intolerance of certain gendered and sexualised behaviours is produced within the queer community and affects queer male behaviours. It is suggested that factors such as race, class, religious belief and notions of beauty, style and respect influence the construction and experience of various sites across the city, such as the home, the workplace, the gay scene and the street as tolerant and intolerant. Current work is expanded through exploring the relationship between gendered and sexualised behaviours and (in)tolerance in understudied spaces, such as LGBT organisations, religious spaces and online communities. It is argued that future work must consider the way in which tolerance and intolerance function within the queer community as this study has done, rather than relying on taken-for-granted assumptions that intolerance towards queers originates from those outwith the queer community.

The purpose of the study was to test the hypothesis that dogs sensitized to soy antigen would produce significantly greater amounts of antigen specific IgE antibody compared to a control population before and after challenges with soy, hydrolyzed soy, and non-soy diets. Further, we sought to evaluate important allergenic components of soy using Western blot analysis. Lastly, absorption and mucosal function testing using inert sugars were evaluated for our sensitized and non-sensitized controls. Eight dogs (6 female, 2 male) were sensitized to whole soy using an established protocol. Seven dogs (3 female, 4 male) roughly age matched were used as controls. The dogs were randomly split into three groups. All dogs were fed an elimination diet of egg and Brewer's rice for six weeks. Samples were collected and each group was fed a diet of soy and rice flour, hydrolyzed soy and rice flour, or corn and rice flour for three weeks. Samples were collected and each group was fed the elimination diet followed by challenge with each of the diets. Serum was collected and stored for allergen specific IgE semi-quantitation and Western blot analysis using whole soy fractionated into globulin and whey components. A solution of monosaccharide and disaccharide sugars was administered in a volume determined by weight. Six hours after administration the dogs were catheterized and the entire urine volume was collected for measurement of sugar recovery by high pressure chromatography, followed by pulsed amphometric detection. There was a statistically significant difference in serum IgE between sensitized and control dogs after the elimination diet, and also for each of the challenged diets. There were differences detected by Western blot analysis for allergens within the soy globulin and whey fractions for sensitized dogs compared to control dogs. There were no significant differences between sensitized and control dogs for sugar recovery for any of the diets. We conclude that although there were significant differences in measurable IgE between sensitized and control dogs, we were unable to differentiate these groups using gastrointestinal mucosal permeability and function testing.

Uncertainty is woven into the fabric of human experience. All types of experiences involve some degree of uncertainty. Given the pervasiveness of uncertainty in daily life, individual differences how people think, behave, and feel about uncertainty matters. Some respond to uncertainty with fear and anxiety while others respond to uncertainty with curiosity and interest. The current project focused on two responses to uncertainty: intolerance of uncertainty and curiosity. The three main aims were to examine the relationship between these constructs directly, to investigate their unique contributions to outcomes of wellbeing and general psychological distress, and to examine cognitive appraisals associated with proximate outcomes of worry and interest. A large online adult sample (N = 413) completed self-report measures of IU, curiosity, personality, well-being, and general psychological distress symptoms. Participants also completed a novel vignette-based task of hypothetical future scenarios that varied in degree of uncertainty and pleasantness. IU was inversely associated with only some of the hypothesized curiosity dimensions. After accounting for personality traits, trait IU explained an additional 15% of the variance in general psychological distress, and trait curiosity explained an additional 16% of the variance in wellbeing. Each reflects a small but noteworthy additional contribution to these outcomes. For uncertain situations only, coping potential demonstrated a modest moderation effect of the appraisal of uncertainty on worry and interest, in support of project hypotheses. Limitations and implications for future research are discussed.

No description available.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common psychiatric disorder and is associated with impairment in multiple domains. Research on the development of PTSD symptoms is often limited by the use of cross-sectional designs and retrospective reports of pre-trauma factors. The trauma film paradigm allows for the measurement of pre-trauma factors to determine which variables serve as prospective predictors of posttraumatic stress symptom development. Two factors which may predict posttraumatic stress symptom development are distress intolerance and attentional control. Research suggests distress intolerance is related to posttraumatic stress symptoms, but this relationship has only been shown cross-sectionally. Research has further shown attention control prospectively predicts posttraumatic stress symptoms. Cross-sectional research also suggests attentional control moderates the relationship between distress intolerance and posttraumatic stress symptoms. The current study used the trauma film paradigm to investigate whether attentional control moderates the relationship between distress intolerance and posttraumatic stress symptoms. The current study findings were mixed, but suggest that attentional control does not moderate the association between distress intolerance and posttraumatic stress symptoms. These results suggest distress intolerance and attentional control may not be important variables in the development of posttraumatic stress symptoms.

The response of the circulatory system to gravity and hydrostatic forces has been well studied, for example the hydrostatic indifferent point (the location at which pressure does not change with posture) of the venous system has been established to be an important determinant of orthostatic responses and it has been found to be located near the diaphragm. However, the role of the abdomen has been less researched; for example, it appears that the concept that the abdominal compartment may have its own hydrostatic indifferent point has been overlooked. The goal of the present study was to establish the location of the abdominal hydrostatic indifferent point (HIPab) and to test the hypothesis that binding of the lower abdomen would shift the location of the HIPab cranially. Intra-abdominal pressure was measured using a modified wick needle technique in the supine and upright posture before and after binding of the lower abdomen in 7 anesthetized rats. In the unbound condition, the HIPab was located 5.2 ± 0.3 cm caudal to the xyphoid, meaning the hepatic veins were exposed to relatively large negative interstitial pressures during head-up tilt. Binding of the lower abdomen significantly (p <0.05) shifted the HIPab cranially by 1.7 cm. Thus, the relatively caudal location of the HIPab causes a relatively large hepatic transmural pressure owing to the fall in interstitial pressure during upright posture. The cranial shift of the HIPab by binding of the lower abdomen lessens the fall in hepatic extramural pressure and thereby protects the hepatic veins from distension.

Background Lactose intolerance is a common condition which individuals are not able to completely digest lactose. Each individual has varying degree of lactose intolerance varying level of symptoms experienced. Due to the symptoms of lactose intolerance, lactose intolerant individuals are likely to eliminate milk and dairy products from their diet. Actually, milk and other dairy products are the preferred food sources of calcium for most people. It is essential to maintain adequate calcium intake everyday for the proper growth and development of bones. Individuals who avoid milk and dairy products from diet may not meet the daily requirements for calcium. Therefore, the lactose intolerant individuals are at a higher risk of osteoporosis. Calcium supplementations are an alternative source of calcium for lactose intolerant individuals who have low calcium intake to meet their daily needs. Objectives This review is to assess the impacts and effect of calcium supplements on bone density and bone fracture risk in lactose intolerant individuals. Methodology HKU library database, PubMed, and reference screening for trials published in English from 1990 to May 2014. Randomized, controlled trials of individuals using calcium supplements (calcium carbonate and calcium citrate malate) and placebo group with bone fractures and bone mass density as outcome measure. Finding Adding calcium supplements into a low calcium diet reduces the rate of bone loss and prevents bone fractures. Evidence for calcium supplements in significant reduction of bone mass density; however, the impact of calcium supplements on bone fracture risk remains unclear. Conclusion Based on my review, it shows that there is an association between the use of calcium supplementations and retardation of the rate of bone loss as well as reduction in bone fracture risk in individuals with low dietary calcium and are generally compliance with the treatment. To get enough calcium through diet is encouraged over calcium supplements. / published_or_final_version / Public Health / Master / Master of Public Health

Post Traumatic Cold Intolerance is the most common, and often the most prominent disabilityfrom hand trauma. The discomfort caused by cold is believed to be linked to a dysfunction o f thedigital vasoregulation, but its pathophysiology is poorly understood. Cold induced vasospasm, i.e.the pathologically increased reactivity o f the digital vessels to cold, is commonly found in handsthat have sustained trauma, especially with damage to vascular and neural structures. This thesis is based upon a series o f clinical and laboratory studies on cold induced vasospasm andcold intolerance in 35 patients treated for digital amputation. The replanted digit was used as astudy model, since it represents a body part which at the moment o f reconstruction is devoid o f allinnervation. Replantations were performed according to two different principles o f vascularreconstruction; using long or short vessel grafts. Finger Systolic Pressure (FSP) was used as aparameter o f digital vasoregulation at different temperatures, and cold intolerance was assessedusing a logarithmic rating scale (Borg). Non-injured fingers and amputation stumps were used ascontrols. Clinical and laboratory investigations were performed at different intervals from oneweek to three years after the reconstruction. During the first two weeks following replantation, whole body cold exposure, or cooling o f thereplanted part to 10°C, did not cause serious spasm in the replanted vessels. Follow upinvestigations demonstrated that a cold related vasospastic tendency is established inapproximately 60% o f the replanted parts within one year after trauma. The once establishedpathologic vasoregulation, is unlikely to normalize spontaneously. Whether a cold related arterialspasticity will develop in the replanted digit or not, is not related to the surgeon's choice o ftechnique for vascular reconstruction. Cold related arterial spasticity was more common inamputation stumps than in replanted digits, Our findings suggest that there is a pathologicalreaction to cold in the distal palm vessels but the nature o f this disturbance is not clear. All patients developed some degree o f Post Traumatic Cold Intolerance. Approximately 60% o fthe patients stated that some improvement took place, but none o f the patients was free o f coldintolerance 1-7 years after the injury. Patients with a pathological cold induced vasospasm is likelyto present with severe cold intolerance, which indicates that the vasospasm is involved as one o fthe causes o f Post Traumatic Cold Intolerance. / <p>S. 1-48: sammanfattning, s. 51-110: 5 uppsatser</p> / digitalisering@umu

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) contributes to significant distress and chronic individual and societal impairment (e.g., DuPont et al., 1995; Ruscio et al., 2010). Despite the effectiveness of existing exposure-based therapies, some clients do not achieve symptom reduction or remission (Öst et al., 2015). Thus, identification of the mechanisms of change in treatment and more focused interventions are warranted to improve intervention effectiveness (e.g., Zvolensky et al., 2006). Distress intolerance may be an important but understudied mechanism of change in treatment for OCD. The current study replicated and extended previous findings that were limited by a small sample size (Macatee & Cougle, 2015), lack of focus on OCD specifically (McHugh et al., 2014; Bornovalova et al., 2012; Williams et al., 2013), and the use of non-clinical participants (Cougle et al., 2011; Macatee & Cougle, 2015) by using a residential and intensive outpatient sample of patients diagnosed with OCD. The current study found that reductions in DI accounted for significant improvement in OCD severity beyond changes in biological sex, anxiety change, depression change. Further, reductions in DI significantly contributed to OCD treatment response. Limitations and future directions were discussed.

Orientador: Maria Aparecida Mesquita / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T16:18:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carvalho_RobertaVillasBoas_M.pdf: 798660 bytes, checksum: fd44d0259aeae156ed7a9e2381ccd7d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: A dispepsia funcional (DF) é um diagnóstico bastante freqüente na prática clínica. A fisiopatologia deste distúrbio é provavelmente multifatorial, e ainda não foi completamente esclarecida. Como conseqüência, não existem medidas terapêuticas que sejam eficazes para todos os pacientes. Embora a maior parte dos pacientes relacione seus sintomas com a ingestão de vários tipos de alimentos, a influência dos fatores dietéticos no quadro clínico da dispepsia funcional foi muito pouco explorada na literatura, e os resultados dos estudos são muitas vezes controversos. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar, em um grupo de pacientes com dispepsia funcional, o padrão alimentar, os hábitos dietéticos, o estado nutricional, e as queixas de intolerância alimentar, relacionando-as com os sintomas de dispepsia. Foram avaliados 41 pacientes com o diagnóstico de dispepsia funcional e 30 voluntários assintomáticos como grupo-controle. Inicialmente os participantes respondiam a um questionário geral padronizado, que abordava aspectos sócio-econômicos e a história médica e nutricional. Após essa entrevista, recebiam um recordatório alimentar de sete dias, que deveriam retornar preenchido na consulta seguinte. Nossos resultados demonstram que, de acordo com o IMC, 43,9% dos pacientes eram eutróficos e 56,1% apresentavam sobrepeso ou obesidade. Com relação ao consumo alimentar, não houve diferença significativa na ingestão calórica diária entre pacientes (1516 ± 424,5 kcal) e controles (1545 ± 365,1 kcal; p=0,73). Os pacientes apresentaram a mesma porcentagem de ingestão protéica que o grupo controle, e uma pequena, mas significativa, diminuição da porcentagem de lipídios (28,7±5,5% vs 32,7±4 %; p=0,001), acompanhada de um aumento na porcentagem de ingestão de carboidratos (55,7±4,5% vs 50,5±4,5%; p=0,001). Em relação à intolerância alimentar, os pacientes relacionaram seus sintomas com a ingestão de uma grande variedade de alimentos. A maior parte dos alimentos associados com o sintoma de plenitude gástrica foram aqueles ricos em lipídios e carboidratos. Os sintomas de queimação epigástrica e pirose foram mais relacionados com o consumo de queijo, cebola, pimenta e café. Apesar de associarem seus sintomas com a ingestão desses alimentos, os pacientes mantinham um consumo regular dos mesmos, semelhante ao relatado pelo grupo controle, com exceção da leve redução na ingestão de lipídios. Comparando-se os hábitos alimentares, os pacientes apresentam um período de jejum noturno maior em relação aos controles, relacionado com o hábito de jantar mais cedo. Houve também uma tendência estatística (p=0,07) para um menor número de refeições por dia no grupo de pacientes. Em conclusão, nossos dados sugerem que o padrão alimentar e os hábitos alimentares dos pacientes com dispepsia funcional são semelhantes aos do grupo controle. A intolerância alimentar não parece afetar o padrão alimentar e o estado nutricional desses pacientes / Abstrct: Functional dyspepsia is a common diagnosis in clinical practice. Its pathophysiology is still not completely understood. As a consequence, therapeutic strategies are not effective for all patients. Although most patients report that symptoms are related to food ingestion, the investigation on the role of diet in dyspeptic symptoms has been limited to a few studies, with controversial results. The aims of the present study were to assess in a group of functional dyspepsia patients the food and eating patterns, nutritional status, and the food intolerance and its relation with specific dyspeptic symptoms. Forty-one functional dyspepsia patients and thirty healthy volunteers were studied. First, they answered a standardized questionnaire comprising demographic characteristics, medical and nutritional history. Then, they were sent home with a seven-day alimentary diary. Our results showed that, according to BMI data, 56.1% of patients were overweight or obese. There was no significant difference in daily total caloric intake between patients (1516 ± 424.5 kcal) and controls (1545 ± 365.1 kcal; p=0.73). By percent of caloric intake, patients consumed the same proportion of proteins as controls. There was a small, but significant, reduction in the proportion of fat consumed by patients (28.7±5.5% vs 32.7±4%; p=0,001), and an increased proportion of carbohydrates (55.7±4.5% vs 50.5±4.5%; p=0,001). Patients reported the association of dyspeptic symptoms with ingestion of several foods. The sensation of fullness was related to fatty foods and carbohydrates. Epigastric burning and heartburn were related to ingestion of cheese, onion, pepper and coffee. Patients maintained a regular intake of foods associated with dyspeptic symptoms. Considering the eating patterns, nocturnal fasting was higher in dyspeptic patients, due to early dinner. There was a trend (p=0.07) for functional dyspepsia patients to eat less meals for day. In conclusion, our results suggest that food and eating patterns of functional patients are similar to the control group. It appears that food intolerance did not affect food pattern and nutritional status in these patients / Mestrado / Clinica Medica / Mestre em Clinica Medica