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Orientador: Luiz Carlos Cagliari / Banca: Larissa Cristina Berti / Banca: Daniel Soares da Costa / Resumo: O objetivo desta dissertação de mestrado é estudar alguns aspectos da correlação entre dados acústicos e dados obtidos através de modelos de análise auditiva da entoação, a fim de verificar se a análise acústica se distancia ou não do reconhecimento auditivo. Para isso, investigamos, através de alguns dos principais métodos de descrição da entoação, do ponto de vista perceptivo (fonologia funcional) e do ponto de vista acústico (modelo autossegmental), qual a relação entre a percepção e a realidade física do som na análise do fenômeno da entoação. Nossa intenção é provar que essa correlação é tanto possível quanto viável. Para alcançar esse resultado, fizemos, primeiramente, uma descrição individual das duas abordagens eleitas para essa comparação. Uma das abordagens diz respeito ao estudo auditivo desenvolvido por Halliday (1970) e adaptado por Cagliari (1982/2007) para a análise dos dados do português brasileiro. A outra é de base acústica e segue o modelo de análise autossegmental, desenvolvido por Pierrehumbert (1980). Feito isso, propomos uma comparação entre os dois modelos, trazendo à baila suas semelhanças e diferenças, com o intuito de chegarmos a um possível paralelo entre eles. O resultado foi satisfatório e mostrou que, apesar de formalmente diferentes, é possível constatar semelhanças entre eles. Partindo desse princípio, fizemos uma detalhada análise acústica por meio do programa computacional PRAAT e, auditiva, (seguindo a metodologia de Halliday e Cagliari). A análise descreve a estrutura fonológica da entoação de um pequeno trecho do livro História sem fim (sd). A gravação foi feita por um informante adulto da cidade de Araraquara. O resultado mostrou, mais uma vez, uma correspondência entre... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The aim of this dissertation is the analysis of the correlation between acoustic and auditory data, in order to verify whether the acoustic analysis follows or not the auditory recognition. For this, we investigated, with some of main methods of description of intonation, the perception (functional phonology) and the acoustics (autossegmental model), what is the relation between perception and physical reality in the analysis of intonation. Our intention is to prove that this correlation is as much possible as feasible. We started with the description of the two approaches chosen for our comparison. One of them is concerned with the auditory approach. This theory was developed by Halliday (1970), according to Cagliari (1982/2007), who adapted Halliday‟s model to describe the intonation of Brazilian Portuguese. The other, is the acoustic approach developed by Pierrehumbert (1980) autossegmental approach. We propose a comparison between the two theories, bringing up their similarities and differences in order to reach a possible comparative parallel between them. The results showed that, despite the formal differences, similarities between the two approaches. Based on this idea, we made a detailed acoustic analysis of our data with the software PRAAT and an auditory analysis of the same data (following the Halliday‟s and Cagliari‟s methodology). The analyses describe the phonological structure of intonation of a short passage from the book História sem fim (The Neverending Story) (sd). The recording was performed by an adult informant from the city of Araraquara. Once more, the results showed a good correspondence between the phonological forms merged from the acoustic and auditory analyses. In addition, our goal was to show that the correlation between the two approachs (acoustic and auditory) allows a better explanation... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-04-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:12:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 carvalho_m_me_arafcl.pdf: 3575039 bytes, checksum: 73125dd5b49eaaaf9ca9069dbcb4e3d4 (MD5) / O objetivo desta dissertação de mestrado é estudar alguns aspectos da correlação entre dados acústicos e dados obtidos através de modelos de análise auditiva da entoação, a fim de verificar se a análise acústica se distancia ou não do reconhecimento auditivo. Para isso, investigamos, através de alguns dos principais métodos de descrição da entoação, do ponto de vista perceptivo (fonologia funcional) e do ponto de vista acústico (modelo autossegmental), qual a relação entre a percepção e a realidade física do som na análise do fenômeno da entoação. Nossa intenção é provar que essa correlação é tanto possível quanto viável. Para alcançar esse resultado, fizemos, primeiramente, uma descrição individual das duas abordagens eleitas para essa comparação. Uma das abordagens diz respeito ao estudo auditivo desenvolvido por Halliday (1970) e adaptado por Cagliari (1982/2007) para a análise dos dados do português brasileiro. A outra é de base acústica e segue o modelo de análise autossegmental, desenvolvido por Pierrehumbert (1980). Feito isso, propomos uma comparação entre os dois modelos, trazendo à baila suas semelhanças e diferenças, com o intuito de chegarmos a um possível paralelo entre eles. O resultado foi satisfatório e mostrou que, apesar de formalmente diferentes, é possível constatar semelhanças entre eles. Partindo desse princípio, fizemos uma detalhada análise acústica por meio do programa computacional PRAAT e, auditiva, (seguindo a metodologia de Halliday e Cagliari). A análise descreve a estrutura fonológica da entoação de um pequeno trecho do livro História sem fim (sd). A gravação foi feita por um informante adulto da cidade de Araraquara. O resultado mostrou, mais uma vez, uma correspondência entre... / The aim of this dissertation is the analysis of the correlation between acoustic and auditory data, in order to verify whether the acoustic analysis follows or not the auditory recognition. For this, we investigated, with some of main methods of description of intonation, the perception (functional phonology) and the acoustics (autossegmental model), what is the relation between perception and physical reality in the analysis of intonation. Our intention is to prove that this correlation is as much possible as feasible. We started with the description of the two approaches chosen for our comparison. One of them is concerned with the auditory approach. This theory was developed by Halliday (1970), according to Cagliari (1982/2007), who adapted Halliday‟s model to describe the intonation of Brazilian Portuguese. The other, is the acoustic approach developed by Pierrehumbert (1980) autossegmental approach. We propose a comparison between the two theories, bringing up their similarities and differences in order to reach a possible comparative parallel between them. The results showed that, despite the formal differences, similarities between the two approaches. Based on this idea, we made a detailed acoustic analysis of our data with the software PRAAT and an auditory analysis of the same data (following the Halliday‟s and Cagliari‟s methodology). The analyses describe the phonological structure of intonation of a short passage from the book História sem fim (The Neverending Story) (sd). The recording was performed by an adult informant from the city of Araraquara. Once more, the results showed a good correspondence between the phonological forms merged from the acoustic and auditory analyses. In addition, our goal was to show that the correlation between the two approachs (acoustic and auditory) allows a better explanation... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

This dissertation provides a comprehensive description of the tonal and intonational phonology of Lhasa Tibetan (LT) in the Autosegmental-Metrical framework. It is based on recorded data elicited from members of the Tibetan-Canadian community in Ottawa and Toronto. The first two chapters of the dissertation contain background information about LT, a summary of previous research on LT tones and intonation, and an overview of the theoretical framework and conceptual tools used in the rest of the dissertation. The third chapter deals with word tonology. I establish that the prosodic structure of LT brings evidence for four main constituents at or below the word level: a) the mora encodes vowel length contrasts, b) the syllable is the tone-bearing unit (TBU), c) the prosodic word, which is maximally binary, delimits the application of most tonal processes, and d) the prosodic word group, which matches grammatical words, is the domain of downstep. This prosodic structure provides evidence against the universality of the Prosodic Hierarchy (Selkirk, 2002; Nespor and Vogel, 2007) in that it has no phonological phrase, but has two word-level constituents. I then argue that LT has three lexical tones (H, LH, and L) – L being limited to some suffixes – and propose that these lexical tones are subject to tone rules applying within the prosodic word and the prosodic word group. These tone rules are similar to those proposed by Duanmu (1992), but have been improved to accurately predict the tone patterns of long polysyllabic words. Based on phonetic evidence, I also come to the conclusion that LT no longer has stress, and that the stress pattern found in other Bodic varieties has been reinterpreted as a part of the tonal system. The fourth chapter analyses phrasal prosody. I argue that LT forms intonational phrases around clauses and marks them with final lengthening, pitch reset, and a limited set of boundary tones (H% and L%). Although communicative functions and information structure are mostly realized by means of final particles and morphosyntactic devices in LT, I show that boundary tones, focal tones, and deaccenting interact with word tones to form complex melodic patterns. In the fifth chapter, I present a phonologically-based F0 synthesis model to verify the adequacy of the proposed Autosegmental-Metrical model of LT. This F0 synthesis model consists of three main components: a) the tonal targets de ned in previous chapters, b) an F0 interpolation component based on the PENTA model (Xu, 2004), and c) an evaluation component allowing a comparison of the F0 contours of real LT utterances with resynthesized F0 contours of the same utterances. The F0 synthesis model is able to generate F0 contours that approximate the F0 contours of real LT recordings, suggesting that the proposed phonological model adequately captures the overall tonal and intonational phonology of LT.

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This dissertation presents a qualitative and quantitative analysis of aspects of the intonation and prosody of an Australian polysynthetic language, Bininj Gun-wok (BGW; also referred to as Mayali). The theoretical framework is autosegmental-metrical phonology, as adapted to the description of intonation by Pierrehumbert (1980); Bruce (1977) and others. The analysis focuses principally on two dialects, Kuninjku and Manyallaluk Mayali (MM), with some reference to the Kunwinjku, Kune, Gun-Djeihmi and Kundedjnjenghmi dialects.

This thesis pursues the topic of downtrends in Czech intonation in correlation with the geographical origin of speakers. The theoretical part is devoted to the section on the suprasegmental plateaux of the language - the intonation, the intonation variability, and mainly the intonation downtrends. It also brings a selective dialectical description of three Czech regions, which this thesis deals with: Plzeňsko, Štítecko and Břeclavsko. The practical part is targeted to the intonational analysis of the speech material (74 speakers overall), acquired in the previously mentioned regions. The average caliber of the guidelines, acquired by the application of the regressive line, were − for the given groups of speakers − compared and annotated, considering the age and sex of the respondents, (ideal) number of tacts or relative presence of the finding questions. key words: intonation, intonational downtrends, region, speaker, regressive line

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-02-04T12:41:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 icarooliveirasilva.pdf: 2457252 bytes, checksum: 1e1c4b59f224debb036eb8e9f3d42af6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-02-05T11:08:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 icarooliveirasilva.pdf: 2457252 bytes, checksum: 1e1c4b59f224debb036eb8e9f3d42af6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-05T11:08:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 icarooliveirasilva.pdf: 2457252 bytes, checksum: 1e1c4b59f224debb036eb8e9f3d42af6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-21 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O presente estudo tem como objetivos investigar se bebês brasileiros com idade média de treze meses são sensíveis às propriedades prosódicas que demarcam fronteiras de sintagma entoacional (I) na Fala Dirigida à Criança (FDC) e se as utilizam como pistas para a segmentação do continuum da fala. Assumimos a integração entre o Programa Minimalista (CHOMSKY, 1995 e posteriores) e o modelo do Bootstrapping Prosódico (MORGAN & DEMUTH, 1996; CHRISTOPHE et al., 1997), conforme Corrêa (2006). Dada a possibilidade de relação entre os constituintes prosódicos e aqueles de natureza morfossintática, a pesquisa em questão é norteada pela hipótese de que as informações acústicas presentes nas fronteiras de constituintes prosódicos facilitam a segmentação da fala por crianças em processo de aquisição da linguagem, uma vez que há um mapeamento entre unidades prosódicas e unidades morfológicas e sintáticas, ainda que tal relação não seja isomórfica (NESPOR & VOGEL, 1986; GOUT, CHRISTOPHE & MORGAN, 2004). Assim, desenvolvemos duas atividades experimentais: O experimento 1 analisou quais são, na FDC, as informações acústicas que delimitam uma fronteira de I. O experimento 2 verificou, através da técnica do Olhar Preferencial, se os bebês brasileiros são capazes de perceber tais informações. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que essas propriedades suprassegmentais atuam como pistas que auxiliam os infantes a segmentar a cadeia da fala em unidades gramaticalmente significativas. / The present study aims at investigating whether thirteen-month-old Brazilian infants are sensitive to prosodic properties that demarcate intonational phrase (I) boundaries in the Infant Directed Speech (IDS) and use them as cues for the continuous speech segmentation. We assume the integration between the Minimalist Program (Chomsky 1995 and later) and the Prosodic Bootstrapping Model (MORGAN & DEMUTH, 1996; CHRISTOPHE et al, 1997), in terms of Corrêa (2006). Given the possible relationship between prosodic and morphosyntactic constituents, our research is guided by the hypothesis that the acoustic information of prosodic boundaries facilitates speech segmentation by children acquiring language. We consider that there is a mapping between prosodic and morphological and syntactic units, although this relationship is not isomorphic (NESPOR & VOGEL, 1986; GOUT, CHRISTOPHE & MORGAN, 2004). Thus, we developed two experimental activities: Experiment 1 examined the acoustic information that delimit a I boundary in the IDS. Experiment 2 verified by the Visual Fixation Procedure whether Brazilian infants are able to perceive this information. The results suggest that these acoustical properties act as cues that help infants to segment the speech stream into grammatically meaningful units.

This thesis is a description of the prosodic patterns in Jaminjung, a language spoken in the Victoria River District in the Northern Territory of Australia. It is a quantitative and qualitative examination of the features associated with the intonational phenomena in Jaminjung. It is based on the idea that, while some aspects of prosody may be universal, each language has its unique characteristics. In this study I will make use of the PENTA model of intonation, a recent development that places communicative functions and articulatory constraints at the core of prosody, thus providing a clear explanation of prosodic phenomena, linking phonetics to semantics. The analyses are based on carefully selected representative tokens of the speech used in specific communicative situations by the Jaminjung speakers from recordings of spontaneous speech. The features associated with the grouping function, that is, in the demarcation or organization of a string of words (or rather syllables) into chunks, are examined. Four main prosodic constituents are recognized: the prosodic word, the phrasal constituent, the intonation unit, and the prosodic sentence. They are distinguished at their left boundaries by pitch resets which increase from unit to unit. The larger constituents are cued at the right edge with F0 lowering and syllable lengthening, cues associated with finality in many languages. The encoding parameters of some major information structural categories, topic and focus and contrast are investigated. A prominence is usually perceived on the first syllable in the focus domain. A [fall] pitch target is associated with this syllable; it is also marked by wider pitch excursions and longer durations. Topics, for their part, are marked by a [high] target on their initial syllables. The prosodic encoding of topics follows a scale of 'givenness', where more given topics are less marked than less given topics. Contrast in focused arguments and topics is encoded with a [fall] target on the initial syllable and thus share this feature with focus, but they also display a wider pitch excursion on all the syllables. This last feature marks contrast as an independent information structure category from focus and topic. Declaratives, interrogatives and imperatives sentences are all predominantly uttered with a falling contour, however, they are clearly differentiated by pitch register - declaratives use lower reaches, imperatives higher reaches, and interrogatives somewhere in between.

This dissertation is concerned with how pragmatic particles interact with sentential force and with general pragmatic constraints to derive optimal dynamic interpretations. The primary empirical focus of the dissertation is the Japanese sentence final particle yo and its intonational associates. These right-peripheral elements are argued to interact semantically with sentential force in specifying the set of contextual transitions compatible with an utterance. In this way, they semantically constrain the pragmatic interpretation of the utterances in which they occur. These conventional constraints on interpretation are wedded with general pragmatic constraints which provide a further filter on the road to optimal interpretation.