Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-10-02T11:37:12Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Daiane Rodrigues de Souza Terra - 2018.pdf: 2860726 bytes, checksum: ed8450a372c33f5b78d07ad626320a5d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-10-02T11:44:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Daiane Rodrigues de Souza Terra - 2018.pdf: 2860726 bytes, checksum: ed8450a372c33f5b78d07ad626320a5d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-02T11:44:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Daiane Rodrigues de Souza Terra - 2018.pdf: 2860726 bytes, checksum: ed8450a372c33f5b78d07ad626320a5d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-21 / The genus Alouatta hosts species popularly known as guariba or howler monkeys, has a wide geographic distribution and can be found in several biomes. The objective is to describe the anatomy of the spinal cord, focusing on the topography of the medullary cone of Alouatta belzebul specimens, highlighting the cervical and lumbar intumescences, and equine artery in order to provide knowledge of the anatomy, and compare with other species to assist in anesthetic and surgical procedures. Four animals, which died, were received from the salvage and scientific exploitation of the fauna of the Belo Monte-Pará Hydroelectric Plant, and fixed in 10% aqueous formaldehyde solution. Structures such as medullary cone, cervical and lumbar intumescence, and equine artery were documented through. After thawing, we measured the specimens to have a proportion of the size of these animals, a size of 80-82 cm from head to toe was observed. After removal of the skin and musculature, it was observed that the column of all the specimens of howler monkeys presented division into 7 cervical vertebrae, 13 thoracic vertebrae, 5 lumbar vertebrae and 3 molten sacral vertebrae. After removal of the vertebral arches for spinal cord exposure, the medulla was 22 cm in length for all animals, presenting cervical intumescence between the C3 and C6 vertebrae, with a mean of 2.2 cm and the intumescence lumbar vertebrae between the T11 and T12 vertebrae, averaging 1.65 cm. The medullary cone was between the T12 and L1 vertebrae, with a mean of 1.5 cm, and the equine tail between L1 and S3, with an average of 15 cm. The availability of this study has an important role, serving as the basis for the practice of epidural anesthesia. / O gênero Alouatta compreende espécies popularmente conhecidas como guariba ou bugio, possui ampla distribuição geográfica e pode ser encontrado em vários biomas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever a anatomia da medula espinal, com enfoque na topografia do cone medular de espécimes de Alouatta belzebul, destacando as intumescências cervical e lombar e cauda equina, a fim de proporcionar conhecimentos da anatomia, e comparar com outras espécies para auxiliar em procedimentosanestésicos e cirúrgicos. Foram utilizados quatro animais, que vieram a óbito, recebidos do projeto de salvamento e aproveitamento científico da fauna da Usina Hidrelétrica de Belo Monte-Pará, e fixados em solução aquosa de formaldeído 10%. As estruturas como cone medular, intumescência cervical e lombar, e cauda equina foram documentadas por meio de câmara fotográfica. Após o descongelamento, mensurou-se a altura dos espécimes para ter uma proporção do tamanho destes animais e observou-se tamanho de 80 a 82 cm da cabeça aos pés. Após a remoção da pele e da musculatura, observou- se que a coluna de todos os espécimes de bugio apresentaram a divisão em 7 vértebras cervicais, 13 torácicas, 5 lombares e 3 sacrais fundidas. Após a retirada dos arcos vertebrais para a exposição da medula espinal, contastou-se que a medula tem comprimento de 22 cm para todos os animais, apresentando a intumescência cervical entre as vértebras C3 e C6, com média de 2,2 cm e a intumescência lombar entre as vértebras T11 e T12, com média de 1,65 cm. O cone medular situa-se entre as vértebras T12 e L1, com média de 1,5 cm, e a cauda equina entre L1 e S3, com média de 15 cm. A disponibilização deste estudo tem importante papel, servindo de base para a prática das anestesias epidurais.

Les matériaux composites à matrice polymère thermodurcissable interviennent dans de nombreux domaines d’application, parmi lesquels le secteur des transports. Ils présentent toutefois une faible tenue au feu qui limite leur utilisation pour des raisons évidentes de sécurité. De par les restrictions de plus en plus exigeantes de la Commission Européenne (REACH), il existe un réel besoin de se tourner vers des solutions alternatives. Des études récentes ont prouvé l’intérêt des Silsesquioxanes Oligomériques Polyhédriques (POSS) comme agents ignifuges, et particulièrement les POSS portant des ligands phenyl. L’objectif de ce travail a été d’étudier comment la tenue au feu de réseaux hybrides époxy-amine pouvait être améliorée par l’ajout de POSS dans ces matériaux. En faisant varier la nature des comonomères époxydes et amines, ainsi que la structure des POSS sélectionnés, des éléments de réponse ont pu être apportés à la question : existe-t-il une relation structure-propriété en ce qui concerne le comportement au feu des réseaux époxydes ? Des POSS fonctionnels et inertes ont été choisis pour cette étude, et une attention particulière a été portée sur le trisilanolphenyl POSS (POSSOH), pour lequel différents procédés de dispersion ont été mis en œuvre. Il a été montré que l’état de dispersion des POSS était significativement influencé par le type de ligands de ces POSS, mais également par le type de prépolymère époxyde utilisé. En particulier, des structures complexes, jamais observées, ont été découvertes dans les réseaux hybrides basés sur la Tétraglycidyl(diaminodiphenyl) méthane (TGDDM). Des études cinétiques visant à comprendre les interactions développées par les POSS au sein des réseaux ont été menées. Un fort pouvoir catalytique de l’association POSSOH avec un composé à base d’aluminium sur les réactions de réticulation a notamment été mis en évidence. D’autre part, les propriétés thermomécaniques des réseaux finals n’ont pas été modifiées de manière significative par l’ajout de POSS. Finalement, une amélioration remarquable de la tenue au feu a été obtenue dans certains cas, notamment par l’ajout de POSSOH en combinaison avec le composé métallique. La tenue au feu des réseaux à base de TGDDM a été identifiée comme étant liée à un mécanisme d’intumescence. / Thermoset polymer composite materials are used in a number of application domains, amongst which the transports sector, but they suffer from poor fire resistance which limits their use for obvious safety and security issues. With the increasingly demanding restrictions from the European Commission, there is a real need to seek for alternative solutions. Recent studies have found the Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS) compounds interesting as fire retardant agents, particularly the POSS bearing phenyl ligands. The present work aimed at investigating how the fire retardancy of hybrid epoxy networks can be improved by incorporating Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes (POSS). In this study, the nature of the epoxy-amine comonomers was varied, as well as the POSS structure. An inert POSS and two multifunctional POSS were selected in order to generate various morphologies. The aim was to answer the question: does a structure-property relationship exist as concerns the fire behaviour of epoxy networks? Particular attention was dedicated to systems containing the trisilanolphenyl POSS (POSSOH) for which different processes of dispersion were implemented. The POSS dispersion state was shown to be greatly influenced by the type of POSS ligands, but also by the epoxy prepolymer nature in the case of the versatile POSSOH. In particular, intricate, never-observed morphologies were discovered in the networks based on Tetraglycidyl(diaminodiphenyl) methane (TGDDM) and containing POSSOH. The study of functional POSS-involving interactions and epoxy-amine kinetics in the model systems revealed the high catalytic power of the combined presence of POSSOH and an aluminium-based catalyst in the model epoxy networks, as well as the occurrence of homopolymerisation. The thermo-mechanical properties were not significantly modified by the addition of POSS. Finally, spectacular improvements in fire retardancy were obtained in some cases, in particular when the POSSOH and the Al-based catalyst were introduced in combination. The fire protection mechanism was attributed to intumescence in the TGDDM-based networks. The addition of POSSOH and the Al-catalyst was found to be efficient in all the epoxy-amine network types, which could not be clearly related to the POSSOH structures but was rather attributed to a chemical synergistic effect.