The purpose of this paper is to examine the multiple versions of "Invasion of the Body Snatchers" in concert and determine the reason for their continued presence in the American cultural landscape. To do so I will look at the novel and four films and examine the context in which they were created. In reexamining the novel and films, a central theme begins to emerge: interiority. Fear in "Invasion of the Body Snatchers" moves from an external to an internal threat. The bodily locus of the monstrous other has been re-purposed and re-projected outward. The internal nature of the monstrous threat is displayed in the narrative’s use of production and distribution, mental health professionals, pseudo-families, and the vilification of sleep. Finally, this paper will examine the studio influence on the various films and their impact on the relative endings.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第22898号 / 農博第2441号 / 新制||農||1083(附属図書館) / 学位論文||R3||N5318(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生物科学専攻 / (主査)教授 松浦 健二, 教授 大門 高明, 教授 寺内 良平 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

c-Cbl functions as a multifunctional adaptor and an E3 ubiquitin protein ligase. Several studies have shown that c-Cbl is involved in cytoskeleton-mediated events, but the molecular mechanisms linking c-Cbl to cytoskeletal rearrangements remain to be elucidated. Our previous results indicated that c-Cbl facilitates spreading and migration of v-Abl-transformed NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and suggested that small GTPases play important roles in the cytoskeletal effects of c-Cbl in this system. To elucidate the individual contributions of small GTPases to these effects, we assessed the roles of endogenous Rac1, RhoA and Rap1 in the c-Cbl-dependent spreading and migration of v-Abl-transformed fibroblasts overexpressing c-Cbl, using RNAi. Furthermore, since it has been shown that Rap1 can act as an upstream regulator of Rac1 in inducing cell spreading, we analyzed the interplay between Rap1 and Rac1 in the signaling pathways connecting c-Cbl to the cytoskeletal events. Our results indicate that Rac1 is essential for cell migration and spreading, whereas activation of RhoA exerts a negative effect. We have also shown that Rap1 is essential for cell spreading, although not for migration in our experimental system. Furthermore, we provide evidence that Rap1 is located upstream of Rac1 in one of the signaling pathways that regulate c-Cbl-facilitated cell spreading. Overall, our findings are consistent with the model describing the connection of c-Cbl to the cytoskeletal rearrangements via two pathways, one of which is mediated by PI3K and Rac1, and the other, by CrkL/C3G, Rap1 and Rac1. A major biological feature of glioma is the ability to invade normal brain tissue. The molecular mechanisms of glioma invasion are involved in multiple biological processes which are primarily associated with cytoskeleton-mediated events including adhesion, migration, degradation of extra cellular matrix (ECM). Biological functions of c-Cbl in glioma have not been elucidated. In this study, we examined biological roles of c-Cbl using RNAi-mediated depletion of endogenous c-Cbl and stably c-Cbl expressing glioma cells generated by lentiviral transduction and showed that c-Cbl increases invasion through degradation of ECM by upregulation of MMP2 but not through migration, adhesion, or growth of SNB19, a grade IV glioblastoma cell line. / Microbiology and Immunology / Accompanied by two .avi videos