Islam, the fourth religion of China, has played an important role in the history of China as well as in the history of the rest of the Islamic World.

The subject of this thesis is a critical study of Nuru'l-Din al-Raniri's refutation of Hamzah Fansuri's mystical philosophy, based on two of Raniri's works: the Hujjatu'l-Siddiq li daf'i'l-Zindiq (Maxwell Text no. 93, Royal Asiatic Society, London), and the Tibyan fi Ma'rifati'l-Adyan (Leiden Text cod. or. 3291), both of which have been reproduced in facsimile in Voorhoeve's Twee Maleise Geschriften van Nuruddin ar-Raniri (1955); and on the works of Hamzah Fansuri containing various collections of mystical poems and two prose works: the Asraru'l-'Arifin and the Sharabu'l-'Ashiqin or Zinatu'l-Muwahhidin, all of which have been edited and transliterated into the Roman script and bound in a single volume by Doorenbos in De Geschriften van Hamzah Pansoeri (1933). [...]

When the period of decline had set in the 17th century Ottoman Empire, at least three interpretations were given for such decline: the first drew its inspiration from Ibn Khaldun's Muqqadima and remarked that the Empire had passed its zenith and was preparing to die; another pointed out that disintegration occurred when the Rule diverted from the injunctions of the Shari'a; the third, which had been attracted to the changes that took place in neighbouring Europe, considered that the Empire ought to borrow from the European such techniques that would cause the process of disintegration to stop and the Empire to regain its lost strength.

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The legal content and bearing of the Prophet's teaching are undeniable. This is corroborated by the establishment of judiciary during his life-time. Prophetie sunnah was normative from the beginning. Islamic legal doctrines were mainly the result of endeavour to apply Prophetie teachings. Trend towards formalism and systematisation followed the emergence of fugahâ' circa 100. In Kufa Ibrâhim typifies this. [...]

This thesis attempts to study the nature and development of al-Hajj 'Umar's jihad movement in the Western Sudan (1830-1864). The movement is traced from its peaceful religious beginnings to its final militant conclusion. The role of al-Hajj's Sufi orientation in initiating and conducting the jihad, as well as the socio-economic circumstances under which the movement took place are given special consideration. / La presente thése a pour objet d'étudier la nature et le devoloppement du mouvement du Jihad d'al-Hajj 'Umar au Soudan occidental (1830-1864), depuis ses débuts à caractére strictement religieux et pacifique jusqu'a son aboutissement à caractére militant, en accordant une attention particuliére a l'influence de l'orientation soufie d'al-Hajj sur la naissance et la conduite du mouvement, ainsi qu'aux conditions socio-économiques qui lui ont servi de cadre.

This is a comparative study of the two earliest known comprehensive technical manuals treating Hadith criticism: al-Mubaddith al-Fasil bayn al-Rawi wa-al-Wa'i by Abu Muhammad al-Ramahurmuzi (d.ca.360/975) and the Ma'rifat Anwa' 'Ulum al-Hadith by Ibn al-Bayyi' al-Hakim al-Nausaburi (d.405/1014). Our comparative analysis has pointed out the state of disagreement over Hadith criticism till occurring in the fourth/tenth century and the strong contribution of the two manuals to the subsequent literature on the 'ulum al-Hadith. [...] / Cette étude compare les deux premiers manuels techniques compréhensifs de la critique Hadith: al-Muhaddith al-Fasil bayn al-Rawi wa-al-Wa'i d'Abu Muhammad al-Ramahurmuzi (m.ca.360/971) et Ma'rifat Anwa' 'Ulum al-Hadith d'Ibn al-Bayyi' al-Hakim al-Naysaburi (m.405/1014). Notre analyse comparative fait remarquer l'état de désaccord concernant la critique Hadith qui fut arrivée au 4me/10me siecle et la contribution importante des deux manuels a la litterature subsequente d'Ulum al-Hadith.

The figure of Jesus in the Qur'an has strong eschatological dimensions, but Jesus' role at the end of the world is much like that of other prophets. The Hadith literature introduces an image of Jesus as the prophet-messiah who will descend at the end of history, destroy false religion and confirm the truth of Islam. This concept of the descent of Jesus is studied in this thesis, both in relation to the Qur'an and as part of a wider eschatological development in which Muslims, after Muhammad's death, expressed various views on the meaning and end of history.

The origin of the Bengali Muslims became a much debated question after it was found out that they formed the majority,of the population of Bengal, especially in the rural areas. This thesis does not tackle the whole problem (origin of the Bengali Muslims); it is primarily concerned with one aspect of it, viewed over a limited period of history which seems peculiarly significant. It starts with the question: how did lslam spread into Bengal during the pre-Mughul period (1204-1538 A.D.)? The attention is focused on lslam as a religious belief, in an attempt to review and assess different factors which may account for its spread in Bengal. [...]

This study addresses the phenomenon of elite Islamic schools in Indonesia by focusing on Al Azhar Islamic High School in Jakarta. Taking as its starting point the evolution and expansion of Islamic educational institutions in contemporary Indonesia, particularly since the 1970s, it examines the emergence of elite Islamic schools and identifies the unique characteristics that attract many urban, middle-class Muslims to send their children to these schools. In addition, this study attempts to address the lack of research on the history of Islamic education in Indonesia between the years 1970 and 2000. A review of past studies demonstrates that this period has not been critically examined enough. / Cette étude adresse le phénomène des écoles islamiques d'élite en Indonésie en focalisant sur l'école islamique secondaire Al Azhar à Jakarta. Partant de l'évolution et l'expansion des institutions éducationnelles islamiques en Indonésie contemporaine, particulièrement depuis les années 70, elle examine la montée des écoles islamiques d'élite et identifie les caractéristiques uniques qui poussent plusieurs musulmans urbains de classe moyenne à envoyer leurs enfants à ces écoles. De plus, cette étude tend à adresser le manque de recherche sur l'histoire de l'éducation musulmane en Indonésie entre les années 1970 et 2000. Un examen des études existantes à ce sujet montre que cette période n'a pas été suffisamment scrutée. [...]