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Through the evidence of the court records (sijills), this dissertation examines the interplay between Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh), codified sultanic law (qanun) and customary law in the shari'a courts of Ottoman-Cairo in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The thesis forwarded suggests that custom was a declining source of law in these centuries as a result of two factors: the imposition of a codified qanun, and a redacted fiqh. / En se basant sur des procès-verbaux authentiques provenant des tribunaux (sijills), cette thèse examine l'interaction entre la jurisprudence islamique (fiqh), la loi sultanique codifiée (qanun) et la loi coutumière des shari'a des cours de justice d'Ottoman-Caire aux seizième et dix-septième siècles. La théorie développée ici suggère que cette coutume fut une source de loi en déclin durant ces siècles à cause de deux éléments: l'abus d'un qanun codifié, et un fiqh rédigé.

The contribution of this thesis to knowledge is that it is a test case of the lndian ideal 'unity in diversity' as proposed by an Indian Muslim, Humayun Kabir, to solve the problem of cultural identity of Indian Muslims in a secular democratic state. This study of Kabir's proposal suggests that the ideal is neither an actuality nor a possibility. It is not an actuality because Kabir consistently in his historical, philosophical, educational and political essays fails to attain the ideal. It is not a possibility because Kabir's proposal underestimates the importance and power of traditional religion inherent in the cultural identity of Indians, Muslim and Hindu and overestimates the appeal of a rational religion to command either audience or credence let alone stimulus for integration among most Indians, Muslim and Hindu. In other words, Kabir's proposaI is a rational secular solution to an emotional religious problem.

This thesis is intended to describe the evolution of Indonesian Islam and the complex role played by the 'ulama' in the modern history of Indonesia and particularly during the Japanese occupation. In contrast to Dutch policy, the Japanese chose the 'ulama' to participate in their administration. The 'ulama ' seized this fortuitous opportunity to prepare the Indonesians for the achievement of their freedom. On the other hand, the Japanese also,attempted to Nipponize Indonesian Islàm, but this attempt failed because the 'ulama' resisted it. / Cette thèse se propose de décrire l'évolution de l'Islam indonésien et le rôle complexe qu'ont joué les 'ulamà' dans l'histoire moderne de l'Indonésie, et plus particuliérement pendant la période de l'occupation japonaise. Par opposition à la politique hollandaise, les japonais , quant à eux, choisirent les 'ulama' afin que ces derniers participent à leur administration gouvernementale. Les 'ulama' saisirent cette occasion imprèvue pour préparer les indonésiens à obtenir leur indépendance. D'autre part, les japonais essayérent de "nipponiser" l'Islam indonésien mais cet éffort echoua car les 'ulama' les resistérent.

The eighth/fourteenth and ninth/fifteenth centuries in Iran are surveyed in order to see reactions to the lack of social and political cohesion in that period. Despite a dearth of writings of political analysis or administrative advice, it is apparent that men are deeply concerned to build a more just and a more charitable society. Both the rulers and the ruled must make their contribution. A satirical poet, 'Ubayd-i Zakani is observed denouncing moral decline. A Sunnï, Süfï leader, 'Alï-i Hamadanï, is seen giving a traditional legal prescription for communal morality. Shï'ï, Süfï leaders and others are seen to offer a more individualist solution. Finally a more philosophical attempt is made by Amïr Islam al-Ghazalï (a hitherto unstudied writer) and by Dawanï to understand the relationships between the individual and the community, the rulers and the ruled, the responsibilities of this world and the expectations of the next.

This study is an attempt to re-examine prevailing views concerning the question of political power during the first three and a half decades of the fourth/tenth century 'Abbasid caliphate. Specifically, it focuses upon the relationship between the caliph and the amir al-umara'. In order to examine the conditions in which power was exercised a survey of the socio-economic conditions of Iraq in the latter half of the third/ninth century is made. These conditions are then traced through the reigns of the caliphs al-Muqtadir, al-Qahir, al-Radi and al-Muttaqi and related to the problem of power confronted by the caliphs, their wazirs but particularly the amirs during the period of the pre-Buyid amirate (324 AH to 334 AH). / Cette étude est un essai ayant pour but d'examiner les points de vues qui ont prévalu en ce qui concerne la question du pouvoir politique durant les trois premieres décades du 4e/lOe siècle du Califat Abbaside. Elle est précisément centrée sur les relations entre le calife et l'amir al-umara. Afin' d'examiner les conditions dans lesquelles le pouvoir a été exercé il se fait mention des conditions socio-économiques de l'Irak dans la 2e motié du 3e/9e siècle. Ces conditions ont été suivies à travers les règnes des califs al-Muqtadir, al-Qahir, 'al-Radi, et al-Muttaqi et reliées au probleme du pouvoir avec lequel étaient confrontés les califes, leurs wazirs mais particulierement les emirs durant la periode de l'émirat pré-Buyide (324-334 A.H.)

Diss.--Cologne. / Text in Turkish, with German translation of part. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept. of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, December 1997. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Published also as Thesis (Ph. D.)--Schlesische Friedrich Wilhelms Universität, Breslau 1923. / Added t.p.: Das kitāb al-hiial ual-maḫariğ. Includes partial translation of the Arabic text. "Reprografischer Nachdruck der Ausgabe Hannover 1923." Vita.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 47-48).