Orientador: Yong Kun Park / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T20:12:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Moraes_CleberSilveira_D.pdf: 1422241 bytes, checksum: c8fd8cf814a31c433a33f19acc56a668 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Própolis é uma substância resinosa elaborada por abelhas da espécie Apis mellifera e usada como revestimento da colméia. Para a produção da própolis as abelhas usam a matéria-prima coletada de diversas partes da planta como broto, botões florais, exsudatos resinosos e outras partes do tecido vegetal. A própolis é utilizada na medicina popular há 3000 anos a.C. principalmente por apresentar propriedades antimicrobiana, anti-inflamatória e cicatrizante (Marcucci, 1995; Khayyal et al., 1993). Nos últimos anos foi demonstrado que alguns tipos de própolis apresentam atividade antioxidante, hipotensiva, anestésica, anticâncer, anti-HIV e anticariogênica. As própolis brasileiras são classificadas em 13 grupos conforme sua composição físico-química, que é diretamente relacionada com a planta utilizada pelas abelhas para coleta das resinas e exsudatos. Nesse trabalho foi escolhida a própolis do grupo 13 por possuir altas atividades biológicas. Nessa tese foram avaliados a quantidade de compostos fenólicos totais e flavonóides totais presentes na própolis do grupo 13 de diferentes colméias e em diferentes épocas do ano, além de testar suas atividades biológicas. Além disso, foram realizados o isolamento e a identificação da formononetina (7-hidroxi-4¿metoxi-isoflavona), principal isoflavona encontrada na própolis do grupo 13, e foram testadas suas atividades biológicas. Demonstrou-se que a própolis vermelha de João Pessoa - PB apresenta grandes variações entre as colméias e em diferentes épocas do ano em relação à composição de compostos fenólicos totais e flavonóides totais. Mostrou-se também que as própolis com maiores quantidades de compostos fenólicos totais e flavonóides totais apresentaram melhores atividade antimicrobiana contra Staphylococcus aureus e atividade antiradical livre. Foi demonstrado um método de extração da formononetina de própolis do grupo 13, e mostrou-se que esse composto possui alta atividade antiradical e antimicrobiana contra Staphylococcus aureus / Abstract: Propolis is a resinous substance produced by the honeybee Apis mellifera. Bees use propolis to seal holes and to protect the beehive. To produce propolis the honeybee uses resins of leaf buds and buds, resinous exudates and other parts of plant tissues. Propolis is used as a folk medicine since 3000 BC. Numerous biological properties have been found including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and cicatrizing (Marcucci, 1995, Khayyal et al., 1993). Recently, studies revealed that propolis also has antioxidant, hypotensive, anesthetic, anticancer, anti-HIV and anticariogenic activities. The Brazilian propolis is classified into 13 distinct groups according to their chemical composition, which is directly related to the plants used to collect resins and exudates. In this study, propolis of group 13 was chosen, as it shows high biological activity. In this thesis were analyzed the quantity of whole phenolic compounds and flavonoids content was analyzed in each sample of propolis group 13, collected in different beehives and in different seasons. Furthermore, it was tested the biological activities of each sample. In addition, formononetin (7-hydroxy-4¿methoxyisoflavone), the main isoflavonoid found in propolis group 13, was isolated and identified and its biological activity was analyzed. It was demonstrated that João Pessoa ¿ PB red propolis has great variations of phenolic compounds and flavonoids among honeybees and different seasons. It was showed that propolis with greater amount of phenolic compounds and flavonoids have better antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and antiradical activity. It was demonstrated a method of formononetin extraction of red propolis group 13, and it was showed that this compound has high antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and antiradical activity / Doutorado / Doutor em Ciência de Alimentos

Submitted by Alisson Mota (alisson.davidbeckam@gmail.com) on 2015-07-16T19:33:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Mauro Galucio Garcia.pdf: 8414985 bytes, checksum: 192bccb9ac6b0279be9e5ff578bb8132 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-07-17T18:21:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Mauro Galucio Garcia.pdf: 8414985 bytes, checksum: 192bccb9ac6b0279be9e5ff578bb8132 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-07-17T18:26:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Mauro Galucio Garcia.pdf: 8414985 bytes, checksum: 192bccb9ac6b0279be9e5ff578bb8132 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-17T18:26:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Mauro Galucio Garcia.pdf: 8414985 bytes, checksum: 192bccb9ac6b0279be9e5ff578bb8132 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-01 / CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / During wood processing by timber industry around 70% of lumber becomes unusable (garbage), which usually is thrown away at inappropriate places, causing environmental troubles. In attempt to assuage this problem and trying harnessing the underused waste, some proposals have been emerged, like the use of these residues to produce handcrafts which reduces the waste of wood and adds a great value to a thing that is seen as a trash. Other proposal is the present study, which proposed the phytochemical study of three timber species of Fabaceae family: Dipteryx odorata (cumaru), Swartzia laevicarpa (saboarana) e Andira parviflora (sucupira-vermelha), contributing for the knowledge of the chemical constituents of the wood, and in search for secondary metabolites with biological activity or chemical relevance. The organic crude extracts were fractionated by chromatography column (CC). The fractionation of the dichloromethane extract from residues of S. laevicarpa, resulted in the isolation of 8-hydroxy-3,4,9,10-tetramethoxipterocarpan. The methanolic extract of D. odorata fractionated in CC led the isolation of four isoflavones: 8-O-metilretusin, cladrastrin, 7,3’-dihydroxy-8,4’dimethoxi-isoflavone and the 7,3’-dihydroxy-5,6,4’-trimethoxi-isoflavone, this last one is reported for the first time. The fractionation of the methanolic extract of the alburnum of A. parviflora in CC led the isolation of the isoflavone genistein, and in the methanolic extract of A. parviflora's core were isolated the 7,5’,6’-trihydroxy-4’-methoxi-isoflavan and biochanin A. The resulting mother liquor of biochanin A, was evaluated by HPLC-EFS-NMR, leading to the isolation and identification of substances 3,8-dihydroxy-9-methoxipterocarpan,8-dihydroxy-9-methoxipterocarpan, nissolin, medicarpin, biochanin A and the novel bipterocarpan medicarpin secundiflorol-I (OC 3 → C-3 '). In this work were identified by spectroscopic techniques flavonoids (isoflavone, isoflavan and pterocarpan) typical of the Fabaceae family. / lixo, geralmente descartado em locais inadequados causando grandes problemas ambientais. Na tentativa de amenizar esses problemas e na busca de aproveitamento dos resíduos sólidos têm surgido propostas como a produção de pequenos objetos a qual é uma forma sócio-econômica de agregar valor aos resíduos. Por meio de estudos fitoquímicos dos resíduos, a presente proposta visou proporcionar o conhecimento químico de madeiras das espécies de família Fabaceae Dipteryx odorata (cumaru), Swartzia laevicarpa (saboarana) e Andira parviflora (sucupira-vermelha). Os extratos orgânicos foram fracionados por cromatografia em coluna (CC). O fracionamento do extrato diclorometano dos resíduos de S. laevicarpa resultou no isolamento de 8-hidroxi-3,4,9,10-tetrametoxipterocarpano. O extrato metanólico de D. odorata fracionado em CC forneceu 4 isoflavonas: 8-O-metilretusina, cladastrina, 7,3’-dihidroxi-8,4’dimetoxiisoflavona e a inédita 7,3’-dihidroxi-5,6,4’-trimetoxiisoflavona. Os fracionamentos dos extratos metanólico do alburno de A. parviflora em CC forneceu a isoflavona genisteína e do cerne o isolamento de 7,5’,6’-trihidroxi-4’-metoxiisoflavana e biochanina A, ambas purificadas por recrsitalização. A água-mãe resultante desta última foi avaliada a técnica hifenada CLAE-EFS-RMN, levando ao isolamento e identificação das substâncias 3,8-dihidroxi-9-metoxipterocarpano, 8-dihidroxi-9-metoxipterocarpano, nissolina, medicarpina, biochanina A e o inédito bipterocarpano medicarpina-secundiflorol I (C-3→O-C-3'). Nesse estudo identificou-se por técnicas especteroscópicas flavonóides (isoflavona, isoflavana e pterocarpano) típicos da família Fabaceae.

Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacognosy Candidate: Pavlína Zlochová Supervisor: PharmDr. Marie Kašparová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Secondary metabolites of plant cultures in vitro I. Key words: Suspension cultures, Trifolium pratense, phytoestrogens, flavonoids, isoflavonoids Explant cultures are source of plant secondary metabolites. Nevertheless the production of secondary metabolites is usually low in explant cultures. This production can be increased by elicitation metods. Suitable elicitor is added into the cultivate medium and leads to gene expression and production of secondary metabolites. The aim of this study was to observe the influence of sodium chloride on the production of flavonoids and isoflavonoids by the Trifolium pratense L. suspension culture (Tempus variety). The culture was cultivated on Gamborg nutriet medium with addition of 2 mg.l-1 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2 mg.l-1 6-benzylaminopurine. Cultivation proceed in 25řC temperature and 16 hours light/8 hours dark period. Then determination of flavonoids in according to Czech Pharmacopoeia 2009 and the determination of isoflavonoids by HPLC method was performed. The best elicitation effect on the production of flavonoids was 175 mmol.l-1 of sodium chloride after a 3...

Background: Phytoestrogens are diphenolic compounds found in plants with a structure and molecular weight similar to oestradiol which enables them to bind to the oestrogen receptor. Isoflavonoids occur mainly within the legume family with highest concentration in soybeans. Lignans are found in a range of plant foods and the richest known source is linseed. Few studies have been published on intake of isoflavonoids and none were located on intake of lignans in Australian women. The validity of methods designed to estimate intake can be assessed using urinary excretion of isoflavonoids and lignans as studies have found an association between intake and excretion of isoflavonoids and lignans. It has been proposed that, through their ability to act like oestrogen, phytoestrogens could decrease bone turnover and attenuate the loss of bone mineral density (BMD) at menopause. The aims of this research were to determine the pattern of intake of isoflavonoids and lignans in 500 women from food and supplements and to assess a questionnaire used to estimate intake using excretion in a sub-sample of 141 women. Associations between usual intake or excretion of isoflavonoids and lignans and biomarkers of bone health were also examined. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 500 women aged 40-80 years participating in the Longitudinal Assessment of Ageing in Women (LAW), a 5 year study being conducted in the Betty Byrne Henderson Centre at the Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital. Subjects were randomly selected from the electoral role and stratified into ten year age groups. Intake of isoflavonoids and lignans from food and supplements was assessed using a specially designed questionnaire containing 110 items. Values for individual items were obtained from published literature and summed to provide average daily intakes of isoflavonoids and lignans (mg/d). A sub-sample of 141 women was recruited to take part in the assessment of the association between phytoestrogen intake and excretion. Participants collected three 24-h urine samples spaced over one week. Samples were analysed using high performance liquid chromatography MS/MS for seven isoflavonoids and four lignans. Bone mineral densities (BMD) of the femur neck, total hip and lumbar spine were measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Bone formation was assessed using serum bone alkaline phosphatase (bone ALP) and osteocalcin (OC) and bone resorption was assessed using deoxypyridinoline (DPD) and urinary excretion of N-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type-I collagen (NTX). Potential confounding factors were also evaluated. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS for windows (version 10). Participants were defined as consumers if they reported intake of one or more serves of soy or linseed in the prior month. Differences in socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics between groups were assessed using ANOVA and Chi Square tests. Associations between intake and excretion of phytoestrogens were assessed using Spearman's rank-order correlations () for non-normal data. Phytoestrogen intake was categorised into four groups for the assessment of the association with markers of bone health. Associations between phytoestrogen excretion and markers of bone health were assessed using Pearson's product moment correlations for normal data (r) and Spearman's rank-order correlations for non-normal data. A value of P < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: Consumption of soy food was reported by 40% and consumption of linseed by 34% of women. Median (range) intakes among soy/linseed consumers for isoflavonoids, 3.87 (0-173) mg/d, and lignans, 2.40 (0.1-33) mg/d, were significantly higher than corresponding intakes among non consumers of 0.005 (0-2.6) and 1.57 (0.4-4.7) mg/d, respectively (P < 0.001). Soy/linseed consumers reported higher intakes of energy (P=0.043), dietary fibre (P=0.003) and polyunsaturated fat (P=0.004); and a higher level of physical activity (P=0.006), SEP (P < 0.001), education (P < 0.001) and supplement use (P < 0.001). Use of non-prescription supplements for menopause in the previous month was reported by 13% of women. A review of supplements available for treatment of menopause indicated that use of soy, red clover, black cohosh and sage could have a role in treatment of menopause symptoms. Evidence supporting the presence of oestrogenic components was available for soy and red clover isoflavonoids only. There was a significant association between intake and excretion of isoflavonoids within the total group (r=0.207, P < 0.05), with a stronger association in soy consumers (r=0.364, P < 0.01). Excretion of isoflavonoids was detected in women who did not report known intake of soy foods, suggesting isoflavonoids could be derived in small amounts from other plant foods or use of soy as an ingredient in processed foods. There was no significant association between intake and excretion of lignans, however both intake and excretion were associated with dietary fibre (r=0.303 and r=0.230, respectively, P < 0.01 for both). Bone ALP was higher among the very low isoflavonoid intake group (P=0.005) for the total sample (P=0.005) and women with BMI≤25 kg/m2 (P=0.002). Data also demonstrated an inverse association between excretion of isoflavonoids and NTX within women with BMI≤25 kg/m2 (r=-0.33, P < 0.05). There was a positive association between lignan excretion and bone ALP in the total sample (r=0.21, P < 0.05) which was strengthened in women with osteoporosis/osteopenia (r=0.41, P < 0.05) and a positive association between lignan excretion and DPD among women with BMI≤25 kg/m2 (ρ=0.28, P < 0.05) All associations remained significant after adjustment for confounding. Conclusions: Few women who chose phytoestrogen-rich foods consumed amounts similar to women with traditional soy-based diets although some achieved high intakes with supplements. Women who consumed soy or linseed foods differed in lifestyle and sociodemographic characteristics that could influence the association with disease in epidemiological studies. Results indicated that the phytoestrogen questionnaire was useful for assessment of isoflavonoids but was not acceptably precise for measurement of lignans. Findings suggest that there is an inverse association between isoflavonoid status and bone ALP and NTX although the precise mechanism of action has not been clarified. The association between lignan intake and bone is less well understood; however findings of a positive association with bone ALP indicate that further research on the lignan content of foods and the inclusion of lignans in studies is warranted.

We aimed to assess the performance of confined growing lambs receiving Alagoas Red Propolis and monensin sodium as additive. The experimental work was made at Animal Production Nucleus and Animal Nutrition Laboratory of the Academic Unity of Agricultural Science Center (CECA) of Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), from December 2014 to February 2015. Experimental period took 60 days, with 15 day of adaptation. Twenty four non-castrated, ½ Dorper X ½ Santa Inês with average weight of 18.94±1.02 kg were utilized in a total randomized design. The diets composed of chopped Tyfton 85 (Cynodon spp.) hay plus corn and soybean meal as concentrate (70:30 roughage:concentrate ratio). Four treatments were tested: control diet; control diet with 1.0 g of Alagoas Red Propolis/animal/day: control diet with 1.5 g of Alagoas Red Propolis/animal/day; and control diet with 0.03 g monensin sodium/animal/day. There were no statistical differences (P>0.10) among treatments for intakes of: DM (797.2±26.6 g.dia-1); CP (127.0±5.2 g.dia-1); EE (65.0±2.1 g.dia-1); NDF (446.5±15.5 g.dia-1); ADF (196.0±7.0 g.dia-1); LIG (39.0±1.7 g.dia-1) e TDN (627.9±9.1 Mcal.dia-1). Aparent digestibility was affected (P<0.10), except for ADF (P=0.73). ALT, AST, glucose, amylase, albumin, triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL, VLDL, LDL, globulin, total protein and creatinine wasn’t changed by treatment, however urea levels changed (P<0.05). DWG (92.5±7g.dia-1) and feed convertion (8.9±0,5) wasn’t changed by treatment. According to this experimental condition it’s not possible to recommend Alagoas Red and monensin to producers, once they gave no improvement compared to control. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Objetivou-se avaliar a Própolis Vermelha Alagoana em substituição à monensina sódica sobre os consumos e digestibilidades das dietas; desempenhos produtivos e parâmetros bioquímicos sanguíneos de cordeiros confinados em fase de crescimento. O experimento foi desenvolvido no Núcleo de Produção Animal e Laboratório de Nutrição Animal do Centro de Ciências Agrárias da UFAL. No período correspondente a dezembro de 2014 e fevereiro de 2015. A duração total do confinamento foi de 60 dias, com período de adaptação de 15 dias, e período de coleta de cinco dias. Foram utilizados 24 cordeiros, machos, não castrados, ½ Dorper x ½ Santa Inês, com peso médio de 18,94±1,02 kg, provenientes de um produtor localizado em Floresta – PE, a 400 km de Maceió. A dieta, com relação volumoso:concentrado de 70:30, foi composta por feno moído de Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp) e concentrado. Foram quatro os tratamentos avaliados (N = 6 animais/tratamento): controle, dieta sem aditivo; tratamento PRVe1,5, dieta com adição de 1,5 g de própolis vermelha; tratamento PRVe1,0, dieta com adição de 1,0 g de própolis vermelha; e tratamento MON, dieta com adição de 0,03 g monensina sódica. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado e os dados submetidos à análise através do procedimento GLIMMIX do SAS 9.3. Não houve diferença nos consumos de MS (797,2±26,6 g.dia-1); PB (127,0±5,2 g.dia-1); EE (65,0±2,1 g.dia-1); FDN (446,5±15,5 g.dia-1); FDA (196,0±7,0 g.dia-1); LIG (39,0±1,7 g.dia-1) e NDT (627,9±9,1 Mcal.dia-1) entre os tratamentos. As digestibilidades aparentes da MS, MO, PB, EE e FDN foram afetadas pelos tratamentos (P<0,10) que, por sua vez, não influenciaram as digestibilidades do FDA (P=0,731). Houve efeito significativo de tratamento para concentração plasmática de ureia (P<0,05), sem que fossem observadas diferenças significativas para glicose, amilase, globulina, proteínas totais, albumina, creatinina, ALT, AST, colesterol, triglicerídeos, HDL, VLDL e LDL (P>0,10). O GPD (92,5±7,5 g.dia-1) e CA (8,9±0,5) também não diferiram (P>0,10). Diante da ausência de melhorias produtivas tanto no uso da Própolis Vermelha de Alagoas quanto da monensina,